Pectobacterium and Dickeya Responsible for Potato Blackleg Disease in New York State in 2016

Beginning in 2014, outbreaks of blackleg disease compromised potato (Solanum tuberosum) production in the northeastern United States. Disease severity was atypical for plantings with certified seed. During 2016, 43 samples with blackleg symptoms were analyzed, originating from more than 20 farms operating in New York State. A combination of techniques was employed to identify the blackleg pathogens: isolation in vitro, diagnostic PCR assays for Pectobacterium and Dickeya sp., pathogenicity assays, and DNA sequencing. Twenty-three bacterial isolates were obtained, the majority of which were designated D. dianthicola or P. parmentieri; two of the isolates were designated P. atrosepticum. All isolates were pathogenic in stem lesion and tuber soft rot assays and exhibited pectin degrading activity (pitting) in crystal violet pectate agar medium. Phylogenetic analyses of dnaX gene sequences placed all but one of the isolates into clades corresponding to D. dianthicola, P. parmentieri, or P. atrosepticum. One atypical isolate clustered with P. carotovorum subspecies. Data are consistent with the hypothesis that D. dianthicola from New York and the northeast are part of a single clade, and at least three different soft rot bacteria were associated with blackleg during 2016 in New York.

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Identification of Pectobacterium versatile causing blackleg of potato in New York State

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-09-20-2089-re ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xing Ma ◽

Paul Stodghill ◽

Miao Gao ◽

Keith L. Perry ◽

Bryan Swingle

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York State ◽

Orthologous Gene ◽

Growing Season ◽

Soft Rot ◽

Single Copy ◽

Blackleg Disease ◽

York State ◽

The Us ◽

First Time

Soft rot bacteria classified in the Pectobacteriaceae (SRP), including Pectobacterium and Dickeya spp., are responsible for soft rot and blackleg diseases of potato. Since 2014, blackleg outbreaks caused by D. dianthicola have increased in the US and Canada. Our previous study found that the most abundant causal organisms of blackleg disease in New York State were P. parmentieri and D. dianthicola, with the latter being the only Dickeya species reported. In the present study, we identified and characterized pathogenic SRP bacteria from 19 potato samples collected in New York State during the 2017 growing season. We used genome sequence comparison to determine the pathogens’ species. We found eight P. versatile, one P. atrosepticum, two P. carotovorum, two P. parmentieri, and six D. dianthicola isolates in our 2017 sample SRP collection. This is the first time that P. versatile is reported to cause potato blackleg disease in New York State. We determined the phylogenetic relationships between the SRP strains using 151 single copy orthologous gene sequences shared among the set of bacteria in our analysis, which provided better resolution than phylogenies constructed using the dnaX gene.

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Impatiens necrotic spot virus in Greenhouse-Grown Potatoes in New York State

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-89-0340c ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 89 (3) ◽

pp. 340-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

K. L. Perry ◽

L. Miller ◽

L. Williams

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽

New York State ◽

Impatiens Necrotic Spot Virus ◽

Spot Virus ◽

York State ◽

Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽

In Vitro Plantlets ◽

Wilt Virus

Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV; genus Tospovirus) was detected in experimental greenhouse-grown potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) and Nicotiana benthamiana in New York State in July and August of 2003 and 2004. Potato leaves exhibiting necrotic lesions with a concentric pattern similar to those induced by Tomato spotted wilt virus (1) were observed on cvs. Atlantic, Huckleberry, NY115, and Pentland Ivory. The presence of INSV was confirmed using double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a rapid ‘ImmunoStrip’ assay (Agdia, Inc., Elkhart, IN). INSV-specific sequences were amplified from total RNA extracts using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with ‘Tospovirus Group’ primers (Agdia, Inc.) and two independently amplified DNAs were sequenced. A common sequence of 355 nucleotides (GenBank Accession No. AY775324) showed 98% identity to coding sequences in an INSV L RNA. The virus was mechanically transmitted to potato and N. benthamiana and could be detected in asymptomatic, systemically infected potato leaves. Stems nodes and leaves were removed from infected potato plants, and sterile in vitro plantlets were established (2). None of the regenerated in vitro plantlets of cvs. Pentland Ivory (6 plantlets) or NY115 (5 plantlets) were infected with INSV. Two of ten regenerated cv. Atlantic plantlets initially tested positive, but INSV could not be detected after 6 months in tissue culture. In vitro tissue culture plantlets could not be established from infected cv. Huckleberry plants, even though they were consistently obtained from uninfected plants. Infected greenhouse plants were grown to maturity and the tubers harvested, stored for 6 months at 4°C, and replanted in the greenhouse. INSV could not be detected in plants from 26 cv. Huckleberry, 4 cv. NY115, or 4 cv. Atlantic tubers. Although this isolate of INSV was able to systemically infect potato, it was not efficiently maintained or transmitted to progeny tubers. This might explain why INSV has not been reported as a problem in potato production. Lastly, in both years, dying N. benthamiana provided the first sign of a widespread greenhouse infestation of INSV in a university facility housing ornamental and crop plants. INSV induced a systemic necrosis in N. benthamiana, and this host may be useful as a sensitive ‘trap’ plant indicator for natural infections in greenhouse production. References: (1) T. L. German. Tomato spotted wilt virus. Pages 72–73 in: Compendium of Potato Diseases. W. R. Stevenson et al., eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, 2001. (2) S. A. Slack and L. A. Tufford. Meristem culture for virus elimination. Pages 117–128 in: Fundamental Methods of Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture and Laboratory Operations. O. L. Gamborg and G. C. Philips, eds. Springer-Velag, Berlin, 1995.

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Dioxin-related compounds in house dust from New York State: Occurrence, in vitro toxic evaluation and implications for indoor exposure

Environmental Pollution ◽

10.1016/j.envpol.2013.06.010 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 181 ◽

pp. 75-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Nguyen Minh Tue ◽

Go Suzuki ◽

Shin Takahashi ◽

Kurunthachalam Kannan ◽

Hidetaka Takigami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

House Dust ◽

New York State ◽

Indoor Exposure ◽

York State ◽

Related Compounds

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Failure of Agrobacterium radiobacter Strain K-84 to Control Crown Gallon Raspberry

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.28.10.1017 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 28 (10) ◽

pp. 1017-1019 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Thomas J. Burr ◽

Cheryl L. Reid ◽

Barbara H. Katz ◽

Maria Elisabetta Tagliati ◽

Carlo Bazzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Crown Gall ◽

Field Experiments ◽

New York State ◽

Rubus Idaeus ◽

The Other ◽

Agrobacterium Radiobacter ◽

York State ◽

Almost All

Agrobacterium radiobacter (Beijerinc and van Delden) Conn strain K-84 failed to control raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) crown gall caused by A. tumefaciens (E.F. Smith and Townsend) Conn. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains isolated from galls on plants that had been treated with K-84 were not sensitive to agrocin 84 in vitro. These strains were isolated from `Titan' and `Hilton' raspberry in New York state and from `Himbo Queen' and `Schönemann' raspberry in Italy. Almost all strains were identified as A. tumefaciens biovar 2. Raspberry crown gall was not controlled by K-84 in three field experiments in New York state. In two of the experiments, plants were produced by micropropagation and were known to be pathogen-free. The other plant source was shown to be contaminated with the pathogen before treatment with K-84. Crown gall was not controlled either on raspberry in a greenhouse experiment or on Kalanchoe diagremintiana (Hamet. and Perrier) plants that were coinoculated with K-84 and strains of A. tumefaciens isolated from galls on raspberry.

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Population Diversity and Sensitivity to Azoxystrobin of Alternaria brassicicola in New York State

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-03-16-0414-re ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 100 (12) ◽

pp. 2422-2426 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Rachel A. Kreis ◽

Helene R. Dillard ◽

Christine D. Smart

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York State ◽

Genotypic Diversity ◽

Population Diversity ◽

Alternaria Brassicicola ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Common Disease ◽

York State ◽

Brassica Crops

Alternaria brassicicola is the causal agent of Alternaria leaf spot, a common disease of brassica crops in New York State. New York isolates of A. brassicicola were collected from a variety of brassica crops and locations to evaluate the population diversity and screen for fungicide sensitivity. Isolates were genotyped for 10 microsatellite loci and assayed for sensitivity to azoxystrobin, a quinone outside inhibitor fungicide. The New York State population of A. brassicicola was found to have high levels of genotypic diversity and the population was found to be in linkage disequilibrium. Based on in vitro assays, the effective concentrations of azoxystrobin reducing spore germination by 50% ranged from 0.22 to 14.12 μg/ml. In order to confirm the sensitivity of 47 isolates to azoxystrobin, the cytb gene was characterized and sequenced to determine whether any of the mutations known to confer resistance to azoxystrobin were present. The mutations F129L, G137R, and G143A were not detected in the isolates studied.

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Multilocus Sequence Typing Supports the Hypothesis that Cow- and Human-Associated Salmonella Isolates Represent Distinct and Overlapping Populations

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01174-06 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 72 (12) ◽

pp. 7575-7585 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

S. D. Alcaine ◽

Y. Soyer ◽

L. D. Warnick ◽

W.-L. Su ◽

S. Sukhnanand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

New York State ◽

York State ◽

Mlst Scheme ◽

Combined Use ◽

Rapid Diversification ◽

Sequence Types ◽

Over Time

ABSTRACT A collection of 179 human and 156 bovine clinical Salmonella isolates obtained from across New York state over the course of 1 year was characterized using serotyping and a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme based on the sequencing of three genes (fimA, manB, and mdh). The 335 isolates were differentiated into 52 serotypes and 72 sequence types (STs). Analyses of bovine isolates collected on different farms over time indicated that specific subtypes can persist over time on a given farm; in particular, a number of farms showed evidence for the persistence of a specific Salmonella enterica serotype Newport sequence type. Serotypes and STs were not randomly distributed among human and bovine isolates, and selected serotypes and STs were associated exclusively with either human or bovine sources. A number of common STs were geographically widespread. For example, ST6, which includes isolates representing serotype Typhimurium as well as the emerging serotype 4,5,12:i:-, was found among human and bovine isolates in a number of counties in New York state. Phylogenetic analyses supported the possibility that serotype 4,5,12:i:- is closely related to Salmonella serotype Typhimurium. Salmonella serotype Newport was found to represent two distinct evolutionary lineages that differ in their frequencies among human and bovine isolates. A number of Salmonella isolates carried two copies of manB (33 isolates) or showed small deletion events in fimA (nine isolates); these duplication and deletion events may provide mechanisms for the rapid diversification of Salmonella surface molecules. We conclude that the combined use of an economical three-gene MLST scheme and serotyping can provide considerable new insights into the evolution and transmission of Salmonella.

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