"Improved Countenance": Capitalist Relations in Mansfield Park

There is no neat division between the economic and the domestic. Not only are they connected, but their meaning, structure, and value are decidedly conditioned by one another. Yet, since it is capitalism’s nature to conceal exploitation, domesticity becomes outwardly coded as the domain of tradition, despite the productive forces of the market shaping domesticity through the process of social reproduction. Lise Vogel asks how the worker is produced in capitalism, analyzing the peculiar way women are exploited in this process. Using Vogel’s theory of labor and Marx’s analysis of commodity fetishism, this thesis analyzes Jane Austen’s Mansfield Park as a remarkable and salient example of capitalist relations invading and determining the realm of the domestic in the early 19th-century. At the beginning of the novel, Fanny Price, the protagonist of the novel, is intimately involved in social reproduction, but when she is displaced to the extravagant halls of Mansfield Park, her uncle’s estate, she enters the commodity sphere and becomes an ideological weapon, emptied out of her original and unique value to fervently justify the ruling class's power.

Identity

This chapter proposes that the Synoptic/Pauline metaphor (“This is my body”) is best understood as what Robert Masson calls a “tectonic equivalence” or “tectonic shift.” This is a metaphoric blend that makes a proper truth claim by reconfiguring the meaning of an existing concept. The author argues that a tectonic shift involves the creation of a radial extension from a source category that comes to be understood as a prototypical example of that category. This accounts for the difference between metaphors like GOD IS A ROCK (which does not create a tectonic shift) and JESUS IS GOD (which does). The chapter argues that THIS LOAF IS CHRIST’S BODY and THIS WINE IS CHRIST’S BLOOD are tectonic equivalences that reconfigure the meaning structure of CHRIST’S BODY and CHRIST’S BLOOD, leaving those concepts polysemous, so that different senses (historic, eucharistic, etc.) are held together in both identity and distinction.

The Formation of Polycode Text Theory

This review article is devoted to the theory of polycode texts that are represented as a combination of verbal and non-verbal components. This unity is supported by the meaning, structure and function, under which we mean the focus on solving a single communicative task. A polycode text includes signs of various semiotic systems, for example, colour and kinesics. A number of synonymous terminological descriptions of this phenomenon - creolized text, polycode text, polysemiotic text, semiotically enriched test - indicates that we are currently witnessing the formation of the theory of polycode texts. Theoretical and terminological understanding of the object of our description occurs in such directions as the analysis of the components of polycode text and their correlation, description of methods and prospects for the study of polycode texts. The pragmatics of a polycode text, with a brief overview of the most notable works of Russian linguists, is considered in such main areas of its implementation as humorous polycode text and polycode text in cinematography. The most studied phenomenon in this direction is the description of the polycode text of advertising of various types. New directions of analysis are the description of the functioning of the polycode text in political linguistics and Internet communication. It is important to note the increase in the number of works that investigate the use of polycode text in school teaching and in teaching foreign languages. A new area of study of polycode text is its description as a reflection of the national linguistic picture of the world. This review is based on academic works, which are fundamental in this area of research, and also includes articles published in scientific journals in Russia over the past five years.

Personal Projects’ Appraisals and Compulsive Buying among University Students: Evidence from Galicia, Spain

The appraisal of goal-related constructs, generally, and of personal projects (PP) in particular, is one of the most solid research paths with regard to subjective well-being and health. In the last few years, the appraisal of PP has been linked to such problems as excessive alcohol and marijuana use, but no study has been conducted in the field of compulsive buying (CB). In this study, using Little’s personal-projects-analysis (PPA) methodology, the differences in university students were analyzed in both broad domains (meaning, structure, community, efficacy, and stress) and specific appraisal dimensions in groups with low (n = 293), moderate (n = 191), and high (n = 41) compulsive-buying propensities. The results confirm that the high-propensity group presented the highest significant levels in the domain of stress and the lowest in efficacy, meaning, and structure. As to appraisal dimensions, the group with a high propensity to CB attained statistically lower appraisals in the dimensions of importance, enjoyment, self-identity, absorption, control, time adequacy, progress, and outcome of their projects; the appraisal of the level of stress, difficulty, and conflict increased as the level of involvement in CB increased. These findings have major implications for the design of prevention and intervention programs for this behavioral problem.

PECULIARITIES OF THE CRIMINALISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CRIMES COMMITTED ON THE INTERNET RELATED TO THE ASSISTANCE AND INITIATION OF MINORS TO COMMIT SUICIDE

В статье рассматриваются понятие и особенности криминалистической характеристики преступлений, совершаемых в сети Интернет, связанных с содействием и побуждением несовершеннолетних к совершению самоубийства. Раскрываются значение, структура и корреляционные связи элементов криминалистической характеристики в рамках разработки частной криминалистической методики расследования указанного вида преступлений. The article examines the concept and features of the forensic characteristics of crimes committed on the Internet, associated with the assistance and inducement of minors to commit suicide. The article reveals the meaning, structure and correlation of elements of the forensic characteristics within the framework of the development of a private forensic methodology for investigating this type of crime.

The Meaning, Structure and Relationships between the Concepts "Psychological Contact" and "Establishment of a Psychological Contact" in the Work of the Investigator

At the current stage of the development of criminalistics, the knowledge of psychology is becoming integrated into its aspects connected with the tactics of investigatory actions and other procedural aspects of verbal character (interviews, identification, checking testimonies on the spot, etc.), as well as the interaction of all parties in a criminal process, during both pre-trial and court proceedings on a criminal case. At the same time, scholars do not currently share a common understanding or opinion regarding the structure and contents of such phenomenon as “a contact”, the difference between “psychological contact” and “communicative or emotional contact”, the stages of “establishing a psychological contact”, their borders and criteria determining the contact’s success. It is necessary to overcome the outlined differences of opinion because crime investigation involves people of various ages and, to establish “a contact” with them, the investigator needs to have not only the knowledge of law, but also of developmental psychology, especially when working with minors and senior citizens.

Ideas and Ideology in Grand Strategy

A field once dominated by rationalist assumptions, grand strategy is beginning to make room for alternatives approaches. Recently, scholars have drawn on discourse theory to explore how narratives influence the directionality of grand strategy. Others have emphasized the importance of ideology as a driver of grand strategy, but have failed to specify how ideology interacts with different levels of grand strategizing—creation, mobilization, and implementation. This essay makes two interrelated arguments: first is that that ideology is constitutive of the meaning structure that underlies grand strategy. Second is that ideology’s primary function is to invest grand strategy with clarity (if not simplicity), stability, and coherence. We identify three distinct ways in which ideology can shape a nation’s grand strategy, including threat identification, mobilization and extraction of resources, and ideological balancing. We use a range of exploratory cases to assess ideology’s status in grand strategizing.

Recall Accuracy in Children: Age vs. Conceptual Thinking

The aim of this study was to replicate a previous experiment using a different stimulus event. The present study examined the relationship between age, development of conceptual thinking, and responses to free recall, suggestive and specific option-posing questions in children and adults. Sixty-three children (aged 7–14) and 30 adults took part in an experiment in which they first participated in a live staged event, then, a week later, were interviewed about the event and tested using the Word Meaning Structure Test. Age and level of conceptual thinking were positively correlated in children. Compared to age, conceptual thinking ability better predicted children's accurate free recall and inaccurate responses to specific option-posing questions, but not inaccurate responses to suggestive questions.

A qualitative study among patients with an inherited retinal disease on the meaning of genomic unsolicited findings

Exome-based testing for genetic diseases can reveal unsolicited findings (UFs), i.e. predispositions for diseases that exceed the diagnostic question. Knowledge of patients’ interpretation of possible UFs and of motives for (not) wanting to know UFs is still limited. This lacking knowledge may impede effective counselling that meets patients’ needs. Therefore, this article examines the meaning of UFs from a patient perspective. A qualitative study was conducted and an interpretative phenomenological analysis was made of 14 interviews with patients with an inherited retinal disease. Patients assign a complex meaning to UFs, including three main components. The first component focuses on result-specific qualities, i.e. the characteristics of an UF (inclusive of actionability, penetrance, severity and age of onset) and the consequences of disclosure; the second component applies to a patient’s lived illness experiences and to the way these contrast with reflections on presymptomatic UFs; the third component addresses a patient’s family embedding and its effect on concerns about disease prognosis and genetic information’s family relevance. The complex meaning structure of UFs suggests the need for counselling procedures that transcend a strictly clinical approach. Counselling should be personalised and consider patients’ lived illness experiences and family context.