scholarly journals Effect of Carbohydrate Composition in Barley and Oat Cultivars on Microbial Ecophysiology and Proliferation of Salmonella enterica in an In Vitro Model of the Porcine Gastrointestinal Tract

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (22) ◽  
pp. 7006-7016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Pieper ◽  
J�r�me Bindelle ◽  
Brian Rossnagel ◽  
Andrew Van Kessel ◽  
Pascal Leterme
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Canonical Ordination ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Vitro Model

ABSTRACT The influence of the carbohydrate (CHO) composition of cereal cultivars on microbial ecophysiology was studied using an in vitro model of the porcine gastrointestinal tract. Ten hull-less barley cultivars, six barley cultivars with hulls, six oat cultivars, and six oat groats that differed in β-glucan, nonstarch polysaccharide (NSP), and starch contents and starch type were hydrolyzed enzymatically and incubated for 72 h with pig feces. Fermentation kinetics were modeled, and microbial compositions and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles were analyzed using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and gas chromatography. Cluster analysis and canonical ordination revealed different effects on fermentation and microbial ecology depending on the type of CHO and cultivar. First, in cultivars of barley with hulls and oats, the cellulose and insoluble NSP contents (i) increased Ruminococcus flavefaciens-like and Clostridium xylanolyticum-like phylotypes, (ii) increased acetate production, and (iii) decreased fermentation activity. Second, in hull-less barley cultivars the β-glucan, amylose, amylopectin, crude protein, and soluble NSP contents determined the microbial community composition and activity as follows: (i) the amylose contents of the hull-less barley varieties increased the butyrate production and the abundance of Clostridium butyricum-like phylotypes, (ii) the β-glucan content determined the total amounts of SCFA, and (iii) the amylopectin and starch contents affected the abundance of Clostridium ramosum-like phylotypes, members of Clostridium cluster XIVa, and Bacteroides-like bacteria. Finally, the effect of CHO on proliferation of Salmonella enterica in the model was determined. Salmonella cell counts were not affected, but the relative proportion of Salmonella decreased with hull-less barley cultivars and increased with oat cultivars as revealed by quantitative PCR. Our results shed light on the complex interactions of cereal CHO with intestinal bacterial ecophysiology and the possible impact on host health.

scholarly journals An in vitro feasibility investigation considering primary human melanocytes for spray- grafting of freshly isolated autologous skin cells for burn treatment and a clinical case report

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jörg C. Gerlach ◽  
C. Johnen ◽  
B. Hartmann ◽  
J. Plettig ◽  
K. Bräutigam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Skin Coloration ◽  
Vitro Model

A skin cell-spray grafting technique that enables the on-site application of freshly isolated autologous single cell suspensions was already applied in many cases on caucasian patients with low skin coloration. Our project hypothesis is that these suspensions contain keratinocytes and vital melanocytes, that are of particular interest for the treatment of patients of darker skin color. To test this, we applied an in vitro model, wherein the feasibility of i) isolating and ii) spraying of freshly isolated autologous melanocyte-keratinocyte cell suspensions was investigated. Primary human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) and melanocytes (MCs) were isolated from skin biopsies (n=8). Biochemical parameter, cell counts, cell morphology, growth behavior and immunofluorescence results were compared in two groups using MC cultures and co-cultures of MCs with HEKs. Case information on using the method clinically with one patient is included. The sprayed mixed cell suspensions proliferated in all groups without measurable loss of viability, and MCs exhibited a regular cell morphology in monoculture up to passage 4°. The sprayed MCs and HEKs demonstrated in vitro glucose and lactate metabolism that was comparable to the pipetted controls. In co-culture, well distributed CK14+ HEKs and NKI/beteb+ MCs could be demonstrated, which interacted in the in vitro model. The ratio of HEKs : MCs in our primary cultures were microscopically counted (n=8 each) as mean +/- SD 1,211,000 (+/- 574,343) HEK : 99,625 (+/- 59,025) MC; i.e., a ratio of approx. 12 : 1. Using the isolation method clinically for a patient with dark skin coloration after suffering severe second-degree burns shows a satisfying re-pigmentation of the resulting wound post healing. Freshly isolated spray-on melanocyte/keratinocyte suspensions provide for a considerable amount of viable HEKs and MCs. Using MCs in spray-grafting suspensions could represent a promising approach for treating severe partial-thickness burns and innovative therapy developments that also aim to address cosmetic aspects.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal digestion of dietary advanced glycation endproducts using an in vitro model of the gastrointestinal tract (TIM-1)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 6297-6307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timme van der Lugt ◽  
Koen Venema ◽  
Stefan van Leeuwen ◽  
Misha F. Vrolijk ◽  
Antoon Opperhuizen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Advanced Glycation Endproducts ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Glycation Endproducts ◽  
Vitro Model

In a sophisticated gastrointestinal model, dietary advanced glycation endproducts (dAGEs) in food products remain bound to proteins after digestion and concentrations increase.

scholarly journals Trolox and Ascorbic Acid Reduce Direct and Indirect Oxidative Stress in the IPEC-J2 Cells, an In Vitro Model for the Porcine Gastrointestinal Tract

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e0120485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Vergauwen ◽  
Bart Tambuyzer ◽  
Karen Jennes ◽  
Jeroen Degroote ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Vitro Model

Influence of Bacillus subtilis C-3102 on microbiota in a dynamic in vitro model of the gastrointestinal tract simulating human conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hatanaka ◽  
Y. Nakamura ◽  
A.J.H. Maathuis ◽  
K. Venema ◽  
I. Murota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Micro Array ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Oral Doses ◽  
The Impact

Survival and germination rate of Bacillus subtilis C-3102 spores were investigated in a stomach and small intestine model (TIM-1), while the impact of C-3102 cells that had passed through TIM-1 on human colon microbiota was evaluated in a model of the large intestine (TIM-2). The survival of C-3102 spores in TIM-1 was 99%; 8% of the spores had germinated. Effluent of TIM-1 was subsequently introduced into TIM-2 and a micro-array platform was employed to assess changes in the microbiota composition. The effluent, which contained germinated C-3102 cells, increased some Bifidobacterium species and decreased some Clostridium groups. These changes were greater compared to those obtained by adding C-3102 spores directly to TIM-2. The present study suggests that oral doses of B. subtilis C-3102 spores have the potential to modulate the human colon microbiota. This effect may be caused by germination of the spores in the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals Estimation of the Chelating Ability of an Extract from Aronia melanocarpa L. Berries and Its Main Polyphenolic Ingredients Towards Ions of Zinc and Copper

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Borowska ◽  
Michał Tomczyk ◽  
Jakub W. Strawa ◽  
Małgorzata M. Brzóska
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Full Stomach ◽  
Aronia Melanocarpa ◽  
Chelating Ability ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Derivatives Of

Previously, we have revealed that prolonged administration of a polyphenol-rich 0.1% extract from the berries of Aronia melanocarpa L. (chokeberries) alone and under chronic exposure to cadmium influences the body status of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu). The aim of this study was to evaluate, in an in vitro model, the chelating properties of the extract (0.05% and 0.1%) and its main polyphenolic ingredients (cyanidin 3-O-β-galactoside, chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, quercetin, and kaempferol) regarding divalent ions of Zn (Zn2+) and Cu (Cu2+) at pH reflecting physiological conditions at the gastrointestinal tract such as 2 (empty stomach), 5.5 (full stomach), and 8 (duodenum). The study has revealed that the extract from Aronia berries, as well as cyanidin 3-O-β-galactoside and quercetin, can bind Zn2+ and Cu2+, but only at pH 5.5. Moreover, kaempferol was able to chelate Zn2+ at pH 5.5; however, this ability was weaker than those of cyanidin 3-O-β-galactoside and quercetin. The ability of the chokeberry extract to chelate Zn2+ and Cu2+ may be explained, at least partially, by the presence of polyphenols such as anthocyanin derivatives of cyanidin and quercetin. The findings seem to suggest that Aronia products, used as supplements of a diet, should be consumed before meals, and particular attention should be paid to adequate intake of Zn and Cu under prolonged consumption of these products to avoid deficiency of both bioelements in the body due to their complexation by chokeberry ingredients in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract.

Survival of a probiotic-containing product using capsule-within-capsule technology in an in vitro model of the stomach and small intestine (TIM-1)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-409
Author(s):  
K. Venema ◽  
J. Verhoeven ◽  
C. Beckman ◽  
D. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Additional Benefit ◽  
Outer Capsule ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Human Adults ◽  
Similar Survival ◽  
Vitro Model

The aim of the research was to compare the survival of a blend of five probiotic strains (2 bifidobacteria and 3 lactobacilli) in a capsule within capsule (Duocap®) containing Ahiflower® oil, as compared to the strains in the powder (with or without Ahiflower oil), or the strains when present in the inner capsule only. This was tested in a validated, dynamic in vitro model of the stomach and small intestine (TIM-1), simulating human adults. Experiments were performed both in the gastric compartment of the model, as well as in the complete system (stomach + small intestine). Survival of the strains after transit through the gastric compartment in the Duocap capsule was higher by about a factor of 1.5 compared to the other 3 variables. In these gastric experiments, the Ahiflower oil did not seem to have an additional benefit, in the sense that it did not increase survival over the strains alone. After transit through the complete gastrointestinal tract survival was approximately 2-fold higher for the strains within the Duocap capsule, compared to the strains within the inner capsule or the powder. In these experiments, Ahiflower oil did have an additional benefit. The survival of the strains in the combination of powder with Ahiflower oil showed a similar survival as that of the Duocap, although in the first few hours of the experiments survival of both species lagged behind, and only caught up at the end of the test. In conclusion, the developed capsule-in-capsule technology increased the amount of viable cells in the upper gastrointestinal tract, mainly due to the presence of the polyunsaturated fatty acids contained in the outer capsule, which particularly protected the blend of probiotics in the small intestine.

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