Biosynthesis and Degradation of H2O2 by Vaginal Lactobacilli

ABSTRACT Hydrogen peroxide production by vaginal lactobacilli represents one of the most important defense mechanisms against vaginal colonization by undesirable microorganisms. To quantify the ability of a collection of 45 vaginal Lactobacillus strains to generate H2O2, we first compared three published colorimetric methods. It was found that the use of DA-64 as a substrate rendered the highest sensitivity, while tetramethyl-benzidine (TMB) maintained its linearity from nanomolar to millimolar H2O2 concentrations. Generation of H2O2 was found to be especially common and strong for L. jensenii strains, while it was variable among L. crispatus and L. gasseri strains. Biosynthesis of H2O2 only occurred upon agitation of the cultures, but the H2O2-producing machinery was already present in them before aeration started. Calcium, magnesium, manganese, and zinc ions did not affect H2O2 production, while Cu2+ inhibited the growth of Lactobacillus jensenii CECT 4306, which was chosen as a model strain. Cultures with Fe3+, hemin, and hemoglobin did not accumulate H2O2. Fe3+ activated an extracellular peroxidase that destroyed the H2O2 being produced by the cultures. This protected the lactobacilli against its antimicrobial effect. The production of the enzyme appears to be constitutive, the Fe3+ ions being a necessary cofactor of the reaction.

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Reduction of Offensive Odor from Natural Rubber Using Zinc-Modified Bentonite

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1155/2018/9102825 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Bryan B. Pajarito ◽

Kayla C. Castañeda ◽

Sofia Denise M. Jeresano ◽

Dominique Ann N. Repoquit

Keyword(s):

Natural Rubber ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Adsorption Properties ◽

Zinc Salt ◽

Zinc Ions ◽

Sulfate Ions ◽

Modified Bentonite ◽

Modification Process ◽

Limited Exchange

Natural bentonite was modified with zinc ions and was used as a filler to reduce the offensive odor from raw natural rubber (NR). Characterization of filler shows the limited exchange of inherent calcium ions and the preferred adsorption of zinc ions on the surface of natural bentonite during modification. The modification process was also accompanied by bassanite formation due to sulfate ions brought by the zinc salt. Zinc-modified bentonite demonstrates an antimicrobial effect against microorganisms that are known to degrade or produce offensive odor from raw NR. Due to its antimicrobial and adsorption properties, zinc-modified bentonite significantly reduces the offensive odor from raw NR at loadings of 2.5–7.5 phr as shown by the olfactometry test. In terms of vulcanization characteristics, the loading of zinc-modified bentonite at 7.5 phr caused a slight decrease in elastic torque and increase in scorch and curing times of NR. The hardness and tensile properties of vulcanized NR are maintained after compounding with zinc-modified bentonite at 7.5 phr.

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Identification of and Hydrogen Peroxide Production by Fecal and Vaginal Lactobacilli Isolated from Japanese Women and Newborn Infants

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.37.9.3062-3064.1999 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 37 (9) ◽

pp. 3062-3064 ◽

Cited By ~ 100

Author(s):

Yu-Li Song ◽

Naoki Kato ◽

Yoshiko Matsumiya ◽

Cheng-Xu Liu ◽

Haru Kato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Dna Hybridization ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Japanese Women ◽

Lactobacillus Fermentum ◽

Hybridization Method ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide Production ◽

Lactobacillus Gasseri ◽

Lactobacillus Crispatus ◽

Vaginal Lactobacilli

We identified Lactobacillus isolates from Japanese women and newborn infants by a DNA-DNA hybridization method. The predominating lactobacilli were Lactobacillus crispatus andLactobacillus gasseri in the women’s vaginas and the newborns’ intestines and L. gasseri andLactobacillus fermentum in the women’s intestines. AllL. crispatus strains were exclusively strong H2O2 producers.

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Engineering of Vaginal Lactobacilli to Express Fluorescent Proteins Enables the Analysis of Their Mixture in Nanofibers

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222413631 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (24) ◽

pp. 13631

Author(s):

Spase Stojanov ◽

Tina Vida Plavec ◽

Julijana Kristl ◽

Špela Zupančič ◽

Aleš Berlec

Keyword(s):

Fluorescent Protein ◽

Fluorescent Proteins ◽

Electrospun Nanofibers ◽

Resolving Power ◽

Lactobacillus Species ◽

Vaginal Lactobacilli ◽

Lactobacillus Jensenii ◽

Poly Ethylene ◽

Green Fluorescent ◽

Infrared Fluorescent Protein

Lactobacilli are a promising natural tool against vaginal dysbiosis and infections. However, new local delivery systems and additional knowledge about their distribution and mechanism of action would contribute to the development of effective medicine. This will be facilitated by the introduction of the techniques for effective, inexpensive, and real-time tracking of these probiotics following their release. Here, we engineered three model vaginal lactobacilli (Lactobacillus crispatus ATCC 33820, Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323, and Lactobacillus jensenii ATCC 25258) and a control Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 to express fluorescent proteins with different spectral properties, including infrared fluorescent protein (IRFP), green fluorescent protein (GFP), red fluorescent protein (mCherry), and blue fluorescent protein (mTagBFP2). The expression of these fluorescent proteins differed between the Lactobacillus species and enabled quantification and discrimination between lactobacilli, with the longer wavelength fluorescent proteins showing superior resolving power. Each Lactobacillus strain was labeled with an individual fluorescent protein and incorporated into poly (ethylene oxide) nanofibers using electrospinning, as confirmed by fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. The lactobacilli retained their fluorescence in nanofibers, as well as after nanofiber dissolution. To summarize, vaginal lactobacilli were incorporated into electrospun nanofibers to provide a potential solid vaginal delivery system, and the fluorescent proteins were introduced to distinguish between them and allow their tracking in the future probiotic-delivery studies.

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Inhibition of β-Amylase Activity by Calcium, Magnesium and Zinc Ions Determined by Spectrophotometry and Isothermal Titration Calorimetry

Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.1080/14756360310001650255 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 157-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

M. Umar Dahot ◽

A.A. Saboury ◽

A.A. Moosavi-Movahedi

Keyword(s):

Isothermal Titration Calorimetry ◽

Amylase Activity ◽

Titration Calorimetry ◽

Zinc Ions ◽

Calcium Magnesium

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Antimicrobial Effect of Multilayered Carbon Nanotubes on Multi-Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Research in Molecular Medicine ◽

10.18502/rmm.v6i4.4802 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Hadis Mousavi ◽

Hamideh Rouhani Nejad ◽

Masoud Zandi ◽

Amir Khodavirdi Pour

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Methicillin Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽

Single Walled Cnts ◽

Walled Cnts

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the primary cause of infection with impaired defense mechanisms. P. aeruginosa commonly causes nosocomial infections and is the most common pathogen isolated from patients hospitalized for longer than 1 week. We examined the antimicrobial effect of multilayered carbon nanotubes on multi-drug-resistant. Materials and Methods: In this research, 20 clinical isolates collected at Motahari Hospital (Tehran, Iran) were compared with the standard (ATCC 27853) and identified as P. aeruginosa based on biochemical testing. Conventional disk diffusion assay demonstrated the methicillin resistance of the isolates. Minimal inhibitory concentrations for antibiotics and the multilayer CNTs were determined using the microdilution method. Single-walled CNTs were prepared and their efficacy and potential synergism with antibiotics was assessed. Results: Synergism against P. aeruginosa was evident for methicillin + single-walled CNTs. Conclusion: The inhibitory effect of single-walled CNTs and methicillin was synergistic against the growth of P. aeruginosa.

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Reduced quantity and hydrogen-peroxide production of vaginal lactobacilli in HIV positive women

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1016/j.biopha.2005.06.010 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 59 (9) ◽

pp. 521-523 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A. Knežević ◽

S. Stepanović ◽

M. Ćupić ◽

D. Jevtović ◽

J. Ranin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide Production ◽

Hiv Positive Women ◽

Vaginal Lactobacilli

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Synthesis and characterisation of bismacrocyclic DO3A-amide derivatives – an approach towards metal-responsive PARACEST agents

Dalton Transactions ◽

10.1039/c5dt04625d ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 45 (15) ◽

pp. 6555-6565 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Nevenka Cakić ◽

Tatjana Ž. Verbić ◽

Ratomir M. Jelić ◽

Carlos Platas-Iglesias ◽

Goran Angelovski

Keyword(s):

Lanthanide Complexes ◽

Zinc Ions ◽

Amide Derivatives ◽

Calcium Magnesium

Three bismacrocyclic amide derivatives bearing two types of chelating moieties were prepared. The properties of their lanthanide complexes in the absence and presence of calcium, magnesium or zinc ions were studied.

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Effects of certain cations on the formation and infectivity of Phytophthora zoospores. 2. Effects of copper, boron, cobalt, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc ions

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m77-149 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 23 (8) ◽

pp. 1002-1010 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

D. M. Halsall

Keyword(s):

Mycelial Growth ◽

Copper Ions ◽

Protective Action ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Zinc Ions ◽

Dilute Solution ◽

Infection Period ◽

Total Inhibition ◽

Pot Trials ◽

Calcium Magnesium

The effects of copper, boron, cobalt, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc on the production of zoosporangia by P. cinnamomi and P. drechsleri in the presence of favourable concentrations of calcium, magnesium, potassium, and iron were investigated. Copper ions were the most effective in reducing the numbers of zoosporangia formed by both fungal species. Molybdenum was also slightly inhibitory.Total inhibition of mycelial growth occurred between 1 and 5 × 10−5 M Cu2+ whereas total inhibition of sporangial formation occurred between 1 and5 × 10−7 M Cu2+. At copper concentrations between 10−5 M and 5 × 10−7 M, many P. drechsleri zoosporangia were abnormal in appearance and nonviable.Infection of eucalypt cotyledons by P. drechsleri zoospores was inhibited by 10−6 M Cu2+ but this inhibition was reversed by EDTA (10−4 M). There was no evidence for interaction between Cu2+ and Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, or Fe2+ present in the solutions used in the axenic production of zoospores. Preliminary pot trials indicated that CuSO4 had a protective action for safflower seedlings to infection by P. drechsleri when CuSO4 was applied as a dilute solution over the infection period.

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Some factors affecting the autoaggregation ability of vaginal lactobacilli isolated from Turkish women

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs0903407e ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 407-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Havva Ekmekçi ◽

Belma Aslim ◽

Önal Darilmaz

Keyword(s):

Host Defense ◽

Defense Mechanism ◽

Sodium Periodate ◽

Turkish Women ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Vaginal Lactobacilli ◽

Lactobacillus Jensenii ◽

Host Defense Mechanism ◽

Important Host ◽

Acidic Conditions

In this work, autoaggregation and factors involved in the autoaggregation ability of vaginal lactobacilli were studied. The autoaggregation ability of 28 lactobacilli strains was positive. The effects of various factors on autoaggregation were also evaluated. Lactobacillus jensenii A1, L. salivarius I1, and L. cellobiosus I3 showed higher autoaggregation in acidic conditions and lower autoaggregation in hot (70 and 85oC) conditions. The L. salivarius I1 strain, which exhibited high autoaggregation activity, also showed good autoaggregation in pepsin, lipase, and sodium periodate, as well as under conditions of sonication and heat. The results of this study suggest that lactobacilli showing high autoaggregation may constitute an important host defense mechanism against infections as a probiotic.

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