scholarly journals Longitudinal Study of Salmonella Dispersion and the Role of Environmental Contamination in Commercial Swine Production Systems

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1478-1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Dorr ◽  
Daniel A. Tadesse ◽  
Bayleyegn Molla Zewde ◽  
Pamela Fry ◽  
Siddhartha Thakur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Swine Production ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Swine Herds

ABSTRACT This study investigated the roles of various environmental sources, such as truck-washing systems, waste-processing lagoons, and other sources, as potential contributors to the exposure and dissemination of Salmonella in commercial swine production systems. Four cohorts of nursery age swine herds which originated from distinct farm flows were selected. In addition, cross-sectional sampling of four truck wash stations selected based on the types of disinfectants and sources of water used for sanitizing trucks were tested. Salmonella isolates were recovered from pigs (feces, cecal contents, and mesenteric lymph nodes) and environmental sources (barn floor, lagoon, barn flush, trucks, and holding pens). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and genotyping were conducted using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and amplified fragment length polymorphism, respectively. Salmonella prevalence significantly increased with age from late nursery to slaughter for all of the cohorts (P = 0.007). In two of three instances, all three pig holding pens (lairage) sampled at processing were Salmonella positive. The predominant antibiotypes for all sources included ACSSuT (51.8%), SSuT (16.8%), T (6%), and pansusceptible (7.4%). For the isolates obtained at the farms, the ACSSuT phenotype was 5.6 times more likely to be found in the animals than in the environment (95% confidence interval, 4.4 to 7.2 times). Serogroup B was the most common serogroup (79%), followed by serogroup E (10.4%). Despite the fact that the four production flows were independent, 1 of the 11 genotypic clusters (cluster A1) was commonly detected in any type of sample regardless of its origin. Five of the genotypic clusters (clusters A3, A4, A5, A6, and A7) contained isolates that originated from trucks and lairage swabs and also from cecal contents and/or mesenteric lymph nodes. More interestingly, genotypic clusters A3, A4, and A6 (but not clusters A5 and A7) were not detected on the farms. They originated from the trucks and lairage swabs and then were identified from the cecal contents and/or mesenteric lymph nodes. These findings underscore the significance of various environmental factors, including inadequate truck-washing systems, and emphasize the role of lairage contamination by Salmonella that has food safety significance.

Salmonella spp. in Healthy Swine and in Abattoir Environments in Brazil

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1029-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORMA S. LÁZARO ◽  
ANITA TIBANA ◽  
ERNESTO HOFER
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Hygienic Measures ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Tank Water

Tonsils and inguinal, mesenteric, and prescapular lymph node samples collected from 115 swine carcasses from two abattoirs and a family-run operation in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were cultured for the presence of Salmonella species. Salmonella spp. were detected in 40 (34.8%) of the swine samples with the following distribution; tonsils (31/40, 77.5%), mesenteric lymph nodes (16/40, 40.0%), inguinal lymph nodes, (9/40, 22.5%), and prescapular lymph nodes (7/40, 17.5%), Scalding tank water and environmental swabs collected from the abattoirs were also analyzed. Salmonella spp. were recovered from 13 of 51 (22.5%) of the environmental samples from one of the two abattoirs, none from those from the other abattoir. Salmonella spp. were recovered from the evisceration tables (5/11, 45.5%), the killing room (3/10, 30.0%), the holding pen (2/10, 20.0%), the butchering saw (2/10, 20.0%), and the scalding tank (1/10, 10.0%). The most frequently detected serovar was Salmonella Muenster. The results show the necessity of adopting more effective hygienic measures in the abattoirs as well as in the areas where swine are raised in order to reduce the role of abattoirs and storage facilities in the spread of Salmonella contamination.

Atrophy of mesenteric lymph nodes in experimental Chagas’ disease: differential role of Fas/Fas-L and TNFRI/TNF pathways

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana de Meis ◽  
Daniella Arêas Mendes-da-Cruz ◽  
Désio Aurélio Farias-de-Oliveira ◽  
Eliane Corrêa-de-Santana ◽  
Fernanda Pinto-Mariz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Fas L

scholarly journals Longitudinal Study of the Persistence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Campylobacter Strains in Distinct Swine Production Systems on Farms, at Slaughter, and in the Environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 2698-2705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Macarena P. Quintana-Hayashi ◽  
Siddhartha Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Conventional Farms

ABSTRACTThe objectives of this study were to compare and characterize the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant (AR)Campylobacterin conventional and antimicrobial-free (ABF) production systems on farms, at slaughter, and in the environment. Fecal and environmental samples were collected from ABF farms (pigs, 1,239; environment, 797) and conventional farms (pigs, 1,650; environment, 1,325). At slaughter, we collected samples from carcasses, including postevisceration swabs, postchill swabs, and mesenteric lymph nodes from ABF systems (postevisceration swabs, 182; postchill swabs, 199; mesenteric lymph nodes, 184) and conventional systems (postevisceration swabs, 272; postchill swabs, 271; mesenteric lymph nodes, 255) at separate processing facilities. We also sampled the processing plant environment, including truck and lairage floor swab samples (ABF, 115; conventional, 90). Overall, a total of 2,908Campylobacterisolates, includingCampylobacter coli(farm, 2,557, 99.8%; slaughter, 341, 98.3%) andCampylobacter jejuni(farm, 4, 0.2%; slaughter, 6, 1.7%), were isolated in the study. There was no significant difference in the prevalence ofCampylobacterbetween ABF and conventionally raised pigs (farrowing,P= 0.20; nursery,P= 0.06; finishing,P= 0.24) and the environment (P= 0.37). At slaughter,Campylobacterwas isolated from all of the stages, including postchill. The highest frequencies of resistance were exhibited against tetracycline (ABF, 48.2%; conventional, 88.3%). Ciprofloxacin-resistantC. coliisolates were observed in conventionally raised (17.1%) and ABF (1.2%) pigs (P= 0.11). Antimicrobial use data from conventional farms indicated significant associations between oxytetracycline use and tetracycline resistance in the nursery pigs (P= 0.01), between tiamulin exposure and azithromycin and erythromycin resistance in nursery (P< 0.01) and finishing (P< 0.01) pigs, and between enrofloxacin exposure and ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid resistance in farrowing (P< 0.01) and nursery (P< 0.01) pigs. Identical antimicrobial resistance profiles were observed in the pigs and their environments on farms and at slaughter. In summary, our results highlight the persistence and dissemination of ARCampylobacterfrom farm to slaughter in ABF and conventionally raised pigs and their environments.

scholarly journals In situ demonstration of dendritic cell migration from rat intestine to mesenteric lymph nodes: relationships to maturation and role of chemokines

2003 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisashi Kobayashi ◽  
Soichiro Miura ◽  
Hiroshi Nagata ◽  
Yoshikazu Tsuzuki ◽  
Ryota Hokari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Dendritic Cell ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Rat Intestine ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Dendritic Cell Migration

scholarly journals Interleukin (IL)-33 is dispensable for Schistosoma mansoni worm maturation and the maintenance of egg-induced pathology in intestines of infected mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Pierre Kambala Mukendi ◽  
Risa Nakamura ◽  
Satoshi Uematsu ◽  
Shinjiro Hamano
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Schistosome Infection ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Type 2 Immunity ◽  
Transient Impairment ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrates

Abstract Background: Schistosomes are trematode worms that dwell in their definitive host’s blood vessels, where females lay eggs that need to be discharged into the environment with host excreta to maintain their life cycle. Both worms and eggs require type 2 immunity for their maturation and excretion, respectively. However, immune molecules that orchestrate such immunity remain unclear. IL-33 is one of the epithelium-derived cytokines that induce type 2 immunity in tissues. This study aimed at determining its role in the maturation, reproduction, and excretion of S. mansoni eggs, and in the maintenance of egg-induced pathology in the intestines of mice.Methods: Using S. mansoni-infected IL-33-deficient (IL-33-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice, the morphology of worms and the number of eggs in intestinal tissues were studied at different time points of infection. IL-5 and IL-13 production in spleens and mesenteric lymph nodes were measured. Tissue histology was performed on the terminal ilea of infected and non-infected mice.Results: Morphology-wise, worms from IL-33-/- and WT mice at the fourth and sixth weeks of infection did not differ. The number of eggs in intestinal tissues did not differ much between IL-33-/- and WT mice. In the sixth week of infection, IL-33-/- mice presented impaired type 2 immunity in intestines, characterized by decreased production of IL-5 and IL-13 in mesenteric lymph nodes and fewer inflammatory infiltrates with fewer eosinophils in the ilea. Otherwise there was no difference between IL-33-/- and WT mice in the levels of IL-25 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in intestinal tissues.Conclusions: Despite its ability to initiate type 2 immunity in tissues, IL-33 alone seems dispensable for S. mansoni maturation and its absence may not affect much the accumulation of eggs in intestinal tissues. The transient impairment of type 2 immunity observed in the intestines, but not spleens, highlights the importance of IL-33 over IL-25 and TSLP in initiating, but not maintaining, locally-induced type 2 immunity in intestinal tissues during schistosome infection. Further studies are needed to decipher the role of each of them in schistosomiasis and clarify the possible interactions that might exist between them.

Role of mesenteric lymph nodes and aging in secretory IgA production in mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 253 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F. Santiago ◽  
R.M. Fernandes ◽  
B.P. Santos ◽  
F.A. Assis ◽  
R.P. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Iga Production
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