scholarly journals Sensitive assay, based on hydroxy fatty acids from lipopolysaccharide lipid A, for Gram-negative bacteria in sediments.

1982 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1170-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
J H Parker ◽  
G A Smith ◽  
H L Fredrickson ◽  
J R Vestal ◽  
D C White
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Sensitive Assay ◽  
Gram Negative

scholarly journals Variation, Modification and Engineering of Lipid A in Endotoxin of Gram-Negative Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2281
Author(s):  
Kazuyoshi Kawahara
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Vaccine Adjuvants ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Electrostatic Charges ◽  
Lipid A Structure

Lipid A of Gram-negative bacteria is known to represent a central role for the immunological activity of endotoxin. Chemical structure and biosynthetic pathways as well as specific receptors on phagocytic cells had been clarified by the beginning of the 21st century. Although the lipid A of enterobacteria including Escherichia coli share a common structure, other Gram-negative bacteria belonging to various classes of the phylum Proteobacteria and other taxonomical groups show wide variety of lipid A structure with relatively decreased endotoxic activity compared to that of E. coli. The structural diversity is produced from the difference of chain length of 3-hydroxy fatty acids and non-hydroxy fatty acids linked to their hydroxyl groups. In some bacteria, glucosamine in the backbone is substituted by another amino sugar, or phosphate groups bound to the backbone are modified. The variation of structure is also introduced by the enzymes that can modify electrostatic charges or acylation profiles of lipid A during or after its synthesis. Furthermore, lipid A structure can be artificially modified or engineered by the disruption and introduction of biosynthetic genes especially those of acyltransferases. These technologies may produce novel vaccine adjuvants or antagonistic drugs derived from endotoxin in the future.

scholarly journals Hydroxy fatty acids in fresh snow samples from northern Japan: long-range atmospheric transport of Gram-negative bacteria by Asian winter monsoon

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 13375-13397 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Tyagi ◽  
S. Yamamoto ◽  
K. Kawamura
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Far East ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Fresh Snow

Abstract. Hydroxy fatty acids (FAs) in fresh snow from Sapporo, one of the heaviest snowfall regions in the world, have been studied to ascertain the airborne bacterial endotoxin concentrations and their biomass. The presence of β-hydroxy FAs (C9–C28), constituents of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), suggests long-range transport of soil microbes. Likewise, the occurrence of α- and ω-hydroxy FAs (C9–C30 and C9–C28, respectively) in snow reveals their contribution from epicuticular waxes and soil microorganisms. Estimated endotoxin and GNB mass can aid in assessing their possible impacts on the diversity and functioning of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, as well as lethal effects on pedestrians through dispersal of microbes. Air mass back trajectories together with hydroxy FAs unveil their sources from Siberia, Russian Far East and North China by the Asian monsoon. This study highlights the role of fresh snow that reduces the human health risk of GNB and endotoxin by scavenging from the air.

A new method for the analysis of amide-linked hydroxy fatty acids in lipid-As from gram-negative bacteria

Glycobiology ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
U.Ramadas Bhat ◽  
R.W. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
New Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative

The 3-hydroxy fatty acids as biomarkers for quantification and characterization of endotoxins and Gram-negative bacteria in atmospheric aerosols in Hong Kong

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (37) ◽  
pp. 6307-6317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex K.Y. Lee ◽  
Chak K. Chan ◽  
Ming Fang ◽  
Arthur P.S. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative

Picogram-sensitive assay for endotoxin: Gelation of Limulus polyphemus blood cell lysate induced lipopolysaccharides and lipid A from gram-negative bacteria

1972 ◽  
Vol 261 (1) ◽  
pp. 284-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Thye Yin ◽  
Chris Galanos ◽  
Stephen Kinsky ◽  
Ralph A. Bradshaw ◽  
Stanford Wessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Limulus Polyphemus ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Sensitive Assay ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Cell Lysate

scholarly journals Direct detection of lipid A on intact Gram-negative bacteria by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry

2016 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 68-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Larrouy-Maumus ◽  
Abigail Clements ◽  
Alain Filloux ◽  
Ronan R. McCarthy ◽  
Serge Mostowy
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Maldi Tof Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Maldi Tof

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction-tools for probing lipopolysaccharide and lipid a membranes from gram-negative bacteria

1988 ◽  
Vol 94 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 379-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Naumann ◽  
Christian Schultz ◽  
Jens Born ◽  
Fritz Rogge ◽  
Harald Labischinski
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir

The budding bacteria, Pirellula and Planctomyces, with atypical 16S rRNA and absence of peptidoglycan, show eubacterial phospholipids and uniquely high proportions of long chain beta-hydroxy fatty acids in the lipopolysaccharide lipid A

1988 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Kerger ◽  
C. A. Mancuso ◽  
P. D. Nichols ◽  
D. C. White ◽  
T. Langworthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Budding Bacteria ◽  
Long Chain

scholarly journals In situ identification of Gram-negative bacteria in human lungs using a topical fluorescent peptide targeting lipid A

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (464) ◽  
pp. eaal0033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahsan R. Akram ◽  
Sunay V. Chankeshwara ◽  
Emma Scholefield ◽  
Tashfeen Aslam ◽  
Neil McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Human Lungs ◽  
Fluorescent Peptide ◽  
Bacterial Lipid

Respiratory infections in mechanically ventilated patients caused by Gram-negative bacteria are a major cause of morbidity. Rapid and unequivocal determination of the presence, localization, and abundance of bacteria is critical for positive resolution of the infections and could be used for patient stratification and for monitoring treatment efficacy. Here, we developed an in situ approach to visualize Gram-negative bacterial species and cellular infiltrates in distal human lungs in real time. We used optical endomicroscopy to visualize a water-soluble optical imaging probe based on the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin conjugated to an environmentally sensitive fluorophore. The probe was chemically stable and nontoxic and, after in-human intrapulmonary microdosing, enabled the specific detection of Gram-negative bacteria in distal human airways and alveoli within minutes. The results suggest that pulmonary molecular imaging using a topically administered fluorescent probe targeting bacterial lipid A is safe and practical, enabling rapid in situ identification of Gram-negative bacteria in humans.

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