scholarly journals Characterization of Hydrocarbon-Degrading Microbial Populations in Contaminated and Pristine Alpine Soils

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 3085-3092 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Margesin ◽  
D. Labb� ◽  
F. Schinner ◽  
C. W. Greer ◽  
L. G. Whyte
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Alpine Soils ◽  
Positive Correlation

ABSTRACT Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in cold environments, including Alpine soils, is a result of indigenous cold-adapted microorganisms able to degrade these contaminants. In the present study, the prevalence of seven genotypes involved in the degradation of n-alkanes (Pseudomonas putida GPo1 alkB; Acinetobacter spp. alkM; Rhodococcus spp. alkB1, and Rhodococcus spp. alkB2), aromatic hydrocarbons (P. putida xylE), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (P. putida ndoB and Mycobacterium sp. strain PYR-1 nidA) was determined in 12 oil-contaminated (428 to 30,644 mg of total petroleum hydrocarbons [TPH]/kg of soil) and 8 pristine Alpine soils from Tyrol (Austria) by PCR hybridization analyses of total soil community DNA, using oligonucleotide primers and DNA probes specific for each genotype. The soils investigated were also analyzed for various physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters, and statistical correlations between all parameters were determined. Genotypes containing genes from gram-negative bacteria (P. putida alkB, xylE, and ndoB and Acinetobacter alkM) were detected to a significantly higher percentage in the contaminated (50 to 75%) than in the pristine (0 to 12.5%) soils, indicating that these organisms had been enriched in soils following contamination. There was a highly significant positive correlation (P < 0.001) between the level of contamination and the number of genotypes containing genes from P. putida and Acinetobacter sp. but no significant correlation between the TPH content and the number of genotypes containing genes from gram-positive bacteria (Rhodococcus alkB1 and alkB2 and Mycobacterium nidA). These genotypes were detected at a high frequency in both contaminated (41.7 to 75%) and pristine (37.5 to 50%) soils, indicating that they are already present in substantial numbers before a contamination event. No correlation was found between the prevalence of hydrocarbon-degradative genotypes and biological activities (respiration, fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis, lipase activity) or numbers of culturable hydrocarbon-degrading soil microorganisms; there also was no correlation between the numbers of hydrocarbon degraders and the contamination level. The measured biological activities showed significant positive correlation with each other, with the organic matter content, and partially with the TPH content and a significant negative correlation with the soil dry-mass content (P < 0.05 to 0.001).

Influence of Dust Emission on Xi’an Atmospheric Organochlorine Pesticide Pollution

2012 ◽  
Vol 246-247 ◽  
pp. 576-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bian Hong Zhou ◽  
Cheng Zhong Zhang ◽  
Jian Hua Gao
Keyword(s):  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Pesticide Pollution ◽  
Observation Area

The four north-central Shaanxi OCPs observed surface concentration of farmland were analyzed via GC-MS and GC/ECD, respectively, Xi’an observation area 6.110 ng•g-1, Tongchuan observation area 0.817 ng•g-1, Yan’an observation area 3.018 ng•g-1, an observation area in Yulin 5.286 ng•g-1, respectively. Be observed over the same period in Xi’an concentration of OCPs in air 325.773 pg•m-3, where the concentration of particles OCPs 160.883 pg•m-3, the concentration of gaseous OCPs 164.890 pg•m-3.Xi’an urban air particles and gas field surface soil OCPs and the OCPs was correspondence between the basic components of content, indicating that much of Xi’an OCPs in the air of dust released from the soil. The results show that the observation area at the same time with different content of each component of different OCPs, DDTs maximum concentration, mainly in the form of p, p’-DDT, BHC, followed by HCHs, mainly in the form of β-HCH; air, gas-eous and OCPs There are two forms of particulate, HCHs gas content was significantly greater than the particulate phase, DDTs substances content of particles greater than the gas content; OCPs in soil content and the physical nature of the soil, HCB, Chlordane, TN+CN and soil organic matter Content showed a significant positive correlation, chlordane, endosulfan, EnSO4 and soil acidity was a significant positive correlation, HCHs, DDTs and soil acidity were some negative.

scholarly journals Determination of total petroleum hydrocarbons in soil from different locations using infrared spectrophotometry and gas chromatography

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Paíga ◽  
Lurdes Mendes ◽  
José Albergaria ◽  
Cristina Delerue-Matos
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Ir Analysis

AbstractTotal petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) are important environmental contaminants which are toxic to human and environmental receptors. Several analytical methods have been used to quantify TPH levels in contaminated soils, specifically through infrared spectrometry (IR) and gas chromatography (GC). Despite being two of the most used techniques, some issues remain that have been inadequately studied: a) applicability of both techniques to soils contaminated with two distinct types of fuel (petrol and diesel), b) influence of the soil natural organic matter content on the results achieved by various analytical methods, and c) evaluation of the performance of both techniques in analyses of soils with different levels of contamination (presumably non-contaminated and potentially contaminated). The main objectives of this work were to answer these questions and to provide more complete information about the potentials and limitations of GC and IR techniques. The results led us to the following conclusions: a) IR analysis of soils contaminated with petrol is not suitable due to volatilisation losses, b) there is a significant influence of organic matter in IR analysis, and c) both techniques demonstrated the capacity to accurately quantify TPH in soils, irrespective of their contamination levels.

Water repellency of post-boggy soils with a various content of organic matter

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Lachacz ◽  
Monika Nitkiewicz ◽  
Barbara Kalisz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Positive Correlation

AbstractThe objective of this study was to estimate the water repellency of post-boggy soils in north-eastern Poland. Potential water repellency was determined based on the water drop penetration time (WDPT) test and the molarity of an ethanol droplet (MED) test. A total of 276 soil samples with a varied organic carbon (OC) content, ranging from trace amounts in sandy subsoils to 44.4% in organic soils, were analyzed. The investigated material represents peat-muck soils (Eutri-Sapric Histsols) and muck-like soils (Arenic Gleysols, Areni-Humic Gleysols, Gleyic Arenosols). The mineral matter of the analyzed soils comprised loose sand. The obtained results indicate that peat soil formations are marked by higher potential water repellency than muck soil formations. The highest WDPT values (16 390 s) were reported in respect of an alder peat sample with 41.9% OC content, collected at a depth of 55–60 cm. In the group of muck soils, a sample with 36.7% OC content, collected at a depth of 15–20 cm, was marked by the highest water repellency (WDPT 10 492 s). The water repellency of the studied soils is dependent on organic matter content, and it is manifested only when organic matter content is higher than 20%. Soils with OC content of up to 12% show low water repellency or are hydrophilic. Organic soil formations (>12% OC) are characterized by a varied degree of water repellency, but WDPT values in excess of 2000 s are reported only in respect of soils containing more than 35% OC. A significant positive correlation between the content of organic matter, organic carbon, total nitrogen and water repellency was observed in the entire studied population (n = 276). A significant positive correlation was also found between WDPT values and the C:N ratio, while a significant negative correlation was reported in respect of $$ pH_{H_2 O} $$.

SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION AND CONTAMINATION LEVELS OF TOTAL PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS AND POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN MARINE ENVIRONMENT AT ALANG[-]SOSIYA SHIP SCRAPPING YARD, GULF OF CAMBAY, INDIA

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-160
Author(s):  
M. Srinivasa Reddy ◽  
Shaik Basha ◽  
H. V. Joshi ◽  
G. Ramachandraiah
Keyword(s):  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Reference Station ◽  
Intertidal Sediments ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Contamination Levels

ABSTRACT The present study assesses the distribution and contamination levels of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHCs) in surface seawaters during three successive seasons, (summer, monsoon and winter), and polyeyelie aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in intertidal sediments along the worlds largest Alang-Sosiya ship-scrapping yard. The pollution levels at this coast are evaluated and compared with those at one reference station (Mahuva, 60 km away from this yard towards south) in this region and similar ship scrapping yards in Asia. The concentrations of TPHCs in seawater were high in winter season followed by summer and monsoon which were relatively, much higher, about six times in winter and five times in summer/monsoon as compared to the reference station at Mahuva. The TPHCs concentrations in the coastal waters of Alang-Sosiya region are nearly 10–100 times higher on compared with other regions. The levels of PAHs found in the Alang-Sosiya sediments are between four and nine times higher than these prescribed levels by OSPAR commission. The overall levels of PAHs show the low content in Alang-Sosiya compared to values reported from Chang Jiang in China while the concentrations were nearly three times higher than Aliaga in Turkey. The relationships between the content of PAHs and %TOM (total organic matter) in sediments are discussed.

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