scholarly journals Fate of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium on Carrots and Radishes Grown in Fields Treated with Contaminated Manure Composts or Irrigation Water

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 2497-2502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahbub Islam ◽  
Jennie Morgan ◽  
Michael P. Doyle ◽  
Sharad C. Phatak ◽  
Patricia Millner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Avirulent Strain ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Manure Compost ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Cattle Manure Compost

ABSTRACT Three different types of compost, PM-5 (poultry manure compost), 338 (dairy cattle manure compost), and NVIRO-4 (alkaline-pH-stabilized dairy cattle manure compost), and irrigation water were inoculated with an avirulent strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium at 107 CFU g−1 and 105 CFU ml−1, respectively, to determine the persistence of salmonellae in soils containing these composts, in irrigation water, and also on carrots and radishes grown in these contaminated soils. A split-plot block design plan was used for each crop, with five treatments (one without compost, three with each of the three composts, and one without compost but with contaminated water applied) and five replicates for a total of 25 plots for each crop, with each plot measuring 1.8 × 4.6 m. Salmonellae persisted for an extended period of time, with the bacteria surviving in soil samples for 203 to 231 days, and were detected after seeds were sown for 84 and 203 days on radishes and carrots, respectively. Salmonella survival was greatest in soil amended with poultry compost and least in soil containing alkaline-pH-stabilized dairy cattle manure compost. Survival profiles of Salmonella on vegetables and soil samples contaminated by irrigation water were similar to those observed when contamination occurred through compost. Hence, both contaminated manure compost and irrigation water can play an important role in contaminating soil and root vegetables with salmonellae for several months.

Assessing the agronomic and environmental effects of the application of cattle manure compost on soil by multivariate methods

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (13) ◽  
pp. 5763-5772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Victoria Gil ◽  
Luis Fernando Calvo ◽  
Daniel Blanco ◽  
Marta Elena Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Multivariate Methods ◽  
Manure Compost ◽  
Cattle Manure Compost

Growth of Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea and Bacteria in Cattle Manure Compost under Various Temperatures and Ammonia Concentrations

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryu Oishi ◽  
Chika Tada ◽  
Ryoki Asano ◽  
Nozomi Yamamoto ◽  
Yoshihisa Suyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Manure Compost ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea ◽  
Cattle Manure Compost

Suppressive effects of composts against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica on tomato

Nematology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 891-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Oka ◽  
Uri Yermiyahu
Keyword(s):  
Water Extract ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Grape Marc ◽  
Manure Compost ◽  
Cattle Manure Compost

AbstractSuppressive effects of two composts, from cattle manure and grape marc, on the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica were tested in pot and in vitro experiments. No root galls were found on tomato roots grown in soils containing 10 or 25% (v/v) cattle manure compost, and very few on those grown in 50% grape marc compost. Significant reductions in galling index were also found on tomato plants grown in soils containing lower concentrations of this compost. Chemical analysis of the composts and leachates from the soils showed that the cattle manure compost had higher electrical conductivity (EC) and higher concentrations of nitrogen, especially N–NH4, than the grape marc compost. Water extract of the cattle manure compost showed high nematicidal activity to the nematode juveniles and less activity toward the eggs in vitro. Water extract of the grape marc compost showed weaker nematicidal activity to the juveniles and eggs. Washing composted soils with excess water before nematode inoculation and tomato planting led to better plant growth, but the nematode-suppressive effect was decreased. These results suggest that high nitrogen concentrations, especially N–NH4, and high EC values contribute to the nematode suppressiveness of the composts.

Persistence of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Soil and on Leaf Lettuce and Parsley Grown in Fields Treated with Contaminated Manure Composts or Irrigation Water

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1365-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAHBUB ISLAM ◽  
MICHAEL P. DOYLE ◽  
SHARAD C. PHATAK ◽  
PATRICIA MILLNER ◽  
XIUPING JIANG
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Avirulent Strain ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Manure Compost ◽  
Contaminated Irrigation Water

Outbreaks of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections associated with lettuce and other leaf crops have occurred with increasing frequency in recent years. Contaminated manure and polluted irrigation water are probable vehicles for the pathogen in many outbreaks. In this study, the occurrence and persistence of E. coli O157:H7 in soil fertilized with contaminated poultry or bovine manure composts or treated with contaminated irrigation water and on lettuce and parsley grown on these soils under natural environmental conditions was determined. Twenty-five plots, each 1.8 by 4.6 m, were used for each crop, with five treatments (one without compost, three with each of the three composts, and one without compost but treated with contaminated water) and five replication plots for each treatment. Three different types of compost, PM-5 (poultry manure compost), 338 (dairy manure compost), and NVIRO-4 (alkaline-stabilized dairy manure compost), and irrigation water were inoculated with an avirulent strain of E. coli O157:H7. Pathogen concentrations were 107 CFU/g of compost and 105 CFU/ml of water. Contaminated compost was applied to soil in the field as a strip at 4.5 metric tons per hectare on the day before lettuce and parsley seedlings were transplanted in late October 2002. Contaminated irrigation water was applied only once on the plants as a treatment in five plots for each crop at the rate of 2 liters per plot 3 weeks after the seedlings were transplanted. E. coli O157:H7 persisted for 154 to 217 days in soils amended with contaminated composts and was detected on lettuce and parsley for up to 77 and 177 days, respectively, after seedlings were planted. Very little difference was observed in E. coli O157:H7 persistence based on compost type alone. E. coli O157:H7 persisted longer (by >60 days) in soil covered with parsley plants than in soil from lettuce plots, which were bare after lettuce was harvested. In all cases, E. coli O157:H7 in soil, regardless of source or crop type, persisted for >5 months after application of contaminated compost or irrigation water.

scholarly journals Comparison among Different Integrated Nutrition Management for Soil Micro and Macro Elements after Winter Wheat Harvesting and Yield

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aydin KHODAEI JOGHAN ◽  
Amir Ghalavand ◽  
Majid AGHAALIKHANI ◽  
Majid GHOLAMHOSEINI ◽  
Aria DOLATABADIAN
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Nutrition Management ◽  
Manure Compost ◽  
Chemical Fertilization ◽  
Cattle Manure Compost

A comparative field experiment has been conducted in order to study the effect of chemical, organic and integrated nitrogen suppliment on micro and macro nutrient residue after wheat harvesting, at Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. The treatments consisted in three groups that are chemical, organically and integrated of them. Nitrogen was supplied in different proportion from chemical and organic sources. Also, zeolite was applied in two ways: mixed with soil and mixed with cattle manure during composting. Before sowing and after wheat harvesting, macro and micro nutrient availability in the soil were examined. The results showed that, among treatments supplying with 100% nitrogen required from composted cattle manure amended with 10% (w/w) zeolite had the best effect on nutrition residue after wheat production because zeolite decreased nitrogen leaching during the manure composting. Crop yield was not statistically different between fertilizer treatments but the highest seed yield was achieved from supplying 50% nitrogen required from cattle manure compost and 50% by urea amended with 10% (w/w) zeolite. This study demonstrated that composted cattle manure amended with zeolite improves soil fertility after wheat production compared with chemical fertilization.

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