scholarly journals Comparison of Two Commercial Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus IgG Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 754-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian H. Weissbach ◽  
Hans H. Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Fever Virus ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Serological Testing ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Immunosorbent Assays ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACTDespite the availability of protective vaccines, tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infections have been increasingly reported to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control in the past 2 decades. Since the diagnosis of TBEV exposure relies on serological testing, we compared two commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), i.e., Immunozym FSME IgG assay (ELISA-1) and Euroimmun FSME Vienna IgG assay (ELISA-2). Both assays use whole TBEV antigens, but they differ in viral strains (Neudoerfl for ELISA-1 and K23 for ELISA-2) and cutoff values. In testing of samples from 398 healthy blood donors, ELISA-1 showed higher reactivity levels than ELISA-2 (P< 0.001), suggesting different assay properties. This finding was supported by Bland-Altman analysis of the optical density at 450 nm (OD450) (mean bias, +0.32 [95% limits of agreement, −0.31 to +0.95]) and persisted after transformation into Vienna units. Concordant results were observed for 276 sera (69%) (44 positive and 232 negative results). Discordant results were observed for 122 sera (31%); 15 were fully discordant, all being ELISA-1 positive and ELISA-2 negative, and 107 were partially discordant (101 being ELISA-1 indeterminate and ELISA-2 negative and 6 having positive or indeterminate reactivity in both ELISAs). Neutralization testing at a 1:10 dilution yielded positive results for 33 of 44 concordant positive sera, 1 of 15 fully discordant sera, and 1 of 33 partially discordant sera. Indirect immunofluorescence testing revealed high antibody titers of ≥100 for yellow fever virus in 18 cases and for dengue virus in one case, suggesting that cross-reactivity contributed to the ELISA-1 results. We conclude that (i) cross-reactivity among flaviviruses remains a limitation of TBEV serological testing, (ii) ELISA-2 revealed reasonable sensitivity and specificity for anti-TBEV IgG population screening of human sera, and (iii) neutralization testing is most specific and should be reserved for selective questions.

scholarly journals Flavivirus-induced antibody cross-reactivity

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 2821-2829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Mansfield ◽  
Daniel L. Horton ◽  
Nicholas Johnson ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Alan D. T. Barrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Fever Virus ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Antigenic Relationship ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Louping Ill ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Antigenic Cartography ◽  
The Individual

Dengue viruses (DENV) cause countless human deaths each year, whilst West Nile virus (WNV) has re-emerged as an important human pathogen. There are currently no WNV or DENV vaccines licensed for human use, yet vaccines exist against other flaviviruses. To investigate flavivirus cross-reactivity, sera from a human cohort with a history of vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and yellow fever virus (YFV) were tested for antibodies by plaque reduction neutralization test. Neutralization of louping ill virus (LIV) occurred, but no significant neutralization of Murray Valley encephalitis virus was observed. Sera from some individuals vaccinated against TBEV and JEV neutralized WNV, which was enhanced by YFV vaccination in some recipients. Similarly, some individuals neutralized DENV-2, but this was not significantly influenced by YFV vaccination. Antigenic cartography techniques were used to generate a geometric illustration of the neutralization titres of selected sera against WNV, TBEV, JEV, LIV, YFV and DENV-2. This demonstrated the individual variation in antibody responses. Most sera had detectable titres against LIV and some had titres against WNV and DENV-2. Generally, LIV titres were similar to titres against TBEV, confirming the close antigenic relationship between TBEV and LIV. JEV was also antigenically closer to TBEV than WNV, using these sera. The use of sera from individuals vaccinated against multiple pathogens is unique relative to previous applications of antigenic cartography techniques. It is evident from these data that notable differences exist between amino acid sequence identity and mapped antigenic relationships within the family Flaviviridae.

scholarly journals A High-Performance Multiplex Immunoassay for Serodiagnosis of Flavivirus-Associated Neurological Diseases in Horses

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Beck ◽  
Philippe Desprès ◽  
Sylvie Paulous ◽  
Jessica Vanhomwegen ◽  
Steeve Lowenski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Multiplex Immunoassay ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Negative Controls

West Nile virus (WNV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) are flaviviruses responsible for severe neuroinvasive infections in humans and horses. The confirmation of flavivirus infections is mostly based on rapid serological tests such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). These tests suffer from poor specificity, mainly due to antigenic cross-reactivity among flavivirus members. Robust diagnosis therefore needs to be validated through virus neutralisation tests (VNTs) which are time-consuming and require BSL3 facilities. The flavivirus envelope (E) glycoprotein ectodomain is composed of three domains (D) named DI, DII, and DIII, with EDIII containing virus-specific epitopes. In order to improve the serological differentiation of flavivirus infections, the recombinant soluble ectodomain of WNV E (WNV.sE) and EDIIIs (rEDIIIs) of WNV, JEV, and TBEV were synthesised using theDrosophilaS2 expression system. Purified antigens were covalently bonded to fluorescent beads. The microspheres coupled to WNV.sE or rEDIIIs were assayed with about 300 equine immune sera from natural and experimental flavivirus infections and 172 nonimmune equine sera as negative controls. rEDIII-coupled microspheres captured specific antibodies against WNV, TBEV, or JEV in positive horse sera. This innovative multiplex immunoassay is a powerful alternative to ELISAs and VNTs for veterinary diagnosis of flavivirus-related diseases.

TBE in Serbia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Petrović ◽  
Elizabeta Ristanović ◽  
Aleksandar Potkonjak
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Former Yugoslavia ◽  
Serological Testing ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) was first isolated in the former Yugoslavia in 1953 from the blood of infected human patients in Slovenia.1 The virus was isolated from ticks in 1954, also in Slovenia.2 Thereafter a number of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) foci were registered in the western part of the country, while in the Republic of Serbia such foci were not registered. In the period following 1969, no new infections with TBEV could be confirmed in the Republic of Serbia through the routine serological testing of samples from more than 1,000 patients with clinical signs of meningitis and encephalitis, as conducted in laboratories of the Institute of Immunobiology and Virology “Torlak” in Belgrade.3

scholarly journals Experience of application of IgY-technology for laboratory diagnostics of viral infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Ivanov ◽  
T. D. Klebleeva ◽  
O. E. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Yellow Fever Virus ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

Introduction. The well-known advantages of class Y antibodies (IgY) from egg yolks of immunized hens in comparison with class G antibodies (IgG) of laboratory animals traditionally used in laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases determine the stable interest of researchers in using IgY for these purposes (IgY technology) . Over the past 20 years, the obvious benefits of IgY technology have been demonstrated for a number of viral and bacterial infections. Goals and objectives. Construction of ELISA systems based on specific IgY for laboratory diagnosis of infections caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, poliovirus.Material and methods. Obtaining yolk preparations of immunized chickens, obtaining highly purified IgY preparations (salting out, affinity chromatography), constructing ELISA systems for determining virus-specific antigens, testing the parameters of ELISA systems.Results and discussion. For the first time in laboratory practice, ELISA systems based on the use of specific polyclonal IgY were designed for laboratory diagnosis of topical human viral infections caused by flaviviruses and enteroviruses: determination of antigens of tick-borne encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, 3 types of poliovirus. It was experimentally shown that these ELISA systems have high sensitivity and specificity, which allows them to be used for the semiquantitative and quantitative determination of antigens of these viruses in various materials (infected cell cultures, vaccines, etc.).Conclusion. The ELISA systems developed on the basis of specific IgY for determination of viral antigens can be effectively used for laboratory diagnosis of a number of viral infections, for the validation and control of vaccine preparations.

Antibodies against tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) non-structural and structural proteins in human sera and spinal fluid

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Matveeva ◽  
R.V. Popova ◽  
E.A. Kvetkova ◽  
L.O. Chernicina ◽  
V.I. Zlobin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Spinal Fluid ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

scholarly journals Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) – findings on cross reactivity and longevity of TBEV antibodies in animal sera

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Klaus ◽  
Ute Ziegler ◽  
Donata Kalthoff ◽  
Bernd Hoffmann ◽  
Martin Beer
Keyword(s):  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

scholarly journals An E460D Substitution in the NS5 Protein of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Confers Resistance to the Inhibitor Galidesivir (BCX4430) and Also Attenuates the Virus for Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludek Eyer ◽  
Antoine Nougairède ◽  
Marie Uhlířová ◽  
Jean-Sélim Driouich ◽  
Darina Zouharová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Yellow Fever Virus ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Viral Fitness ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
Virus Inhibitor ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

ABSTRACT The adenosine analogue galidesivir (BCX4430), a broad-spectrum RNA virus inhibitor, has entered a phase 1 clinical safety and pharmacokinetics study in healthy subjects and is under clinical development for treatment of Ebola and yellow fever virus infections. Moreover, galidesivir also inhibits the reproduction of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and numerous other medically important flaviviruses. Until now, studies of this antiviral agent have not yielded resistant viruses. Here, we demonstrate that an E460D substitution in the active site of TBEV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) confers resistance to galidesivir in cell culture. Galidesivir-resistant TBEV exhibited no cross-resistance to structurally different antiviral nucleoside analogues, such as 7-deaza-2′-C-methyladenosine, 2′-C-methyladenosine, and 4′-azido-aracytidine. Although the E460D substitution led to only a subtle decrease in viral fitness in cell culture, galidesivir-resistant TBEV was highly attenuated in vivo, with a 100% survival rate and no clinical signs observed in infected mice. Furthermore, no virus was detected in the sera, spleen, or brain of mice inoculated with the galidesivir-resistant TBEV. Our results contribute to understanding the molecular basis of galidesivir antiviral activity, flavivirus resistance to nucleoside inhibitors, and the potential contribution of viral RdRp to flavivirus neurovirulence. IMPORTANCE Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a pathogen that causes severe human neuroinfections in Europe and Asia and for which there is currently no specific therapy. We have previously found that galidesivir (BCX4430), a broad-spectrum RNA virus inhibitor, which is under clinical development for treatment of Ebola and yellow fever virus infections, has a strong antiviral effect against TBEV. For any antiviral drug, it is important to generate drug-resistant mutants to understand how the drug works. Here, we produced TBEV mutants resistant to galidesivir and found that the resistance is caused by a single amino acid substitution in an active site of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, an enzyme which is crucial for replication of the viral RNA genome. Although this substitution led only to a subtle decrease in viral fitness in cell culture, galidesivir-resistant TBEV was highly attenuated in a mouse model. Our results contribute to understanding the molecular basis of galidesivir antiviral activity.

Results of the Screening of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Antibodies in Human Sera from Eight Districts Collected Two Decades Apart

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 489-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohumir Kriz ◽  
Zdenek Hubalek ◽  
Maly Marek ◽  
Milan Daniel ◽  
Petra Strakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus
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