Increased Synthesis of Anti-Tuberculous Glycolipid Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA with Cavity Formation in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis

ABSTRACT Tuberculous glycolipid (TBGL) antigen is a cell wall component of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and has been used for the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis. We investigated correlations between the levels of anti-TBGL antibodies and a variety of laboratory markers that are potentially influenced by tuberculous infection. Comparisons between patients with cavitary lesions and those without cavitary lesions were also made in order to determine the mechanism underlying the immune response to TBGL. Blood samples were obtained from 91 patients with both clinically and microbiologically confirmed active pulmonary tuberculosis (60 male and 31 female; mean age, 59 ± 22 years old). Fifty-nine patients had cavitary lesions on chest X-rays. Positive correlations were found between anti-TBGL immunoglobulin G (IgG) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (r = 0.361; P < 0.001), between anti-TBGL IgA and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) (r = 0.404; P < 0.005), between anti-TBGL IgG and anti-TBGL IgA (r = 0.551; P < 0.0000005), and between anti-TBGL IgM and serum IgM (r = 0.603; P < 0.00000005). The patients with cavitary lesions showed significantly higher levels of anti-TBGL IgG (P < 0.005), anti-TBGL IgA (P < 0.05), white blood cells (P < 0.01), neutrophils (P < 0.005), basophils (P < 0.0005), natural killer cells (P < 0.05), CRP (P < 0.0005), KL-6 (sialylated carbohydrate antigen KL-6) (P < 0.0005), IgA (P < 0.05), and sCD40L (P < 0.01). The observed positive correlations between the anti-TBGL antibody levels and inflammatory markers indicate the involvement of inflammatory cytokines and NKT cells in the immunopathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis.

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Major Carbohydrate Antigen of Echinococcus multilocularis Induces an Immunoglobulin G Response Independent of αβ+ CD4+ T Cells

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.69.10.6074-6083.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 69 (10) ◽

pp. 6074-6083 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

Wen Juan Dai ◽

Andrew Hemphill ◽

Andreas Waldvogel ◽

Katrin Ingold ◽

Peter Deplazes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

T Cell ◽

Immunoglobulin G ◽

Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽

Interleukin 2 ◽

Cd40 Ligand ◽

Carbohydrate Antigen ◽

Intermediate Hosts

ABSTRACT Echinococcus multilocularis causes alveolar echinococcosis, one of the most lethal helminthic (accidental) infections in humans, as the life cycle predominantly includes wildlife rodents as intermediate hosts. The physical barrier between the proliferating parasitic metacestode and the host tissue is the acellular laminated layer (LL), which is characterized by its rich high-molecular-weight polysaccharide composition. Conversely to a crude protein-rich vesicular fluid antigen, a major carbohydrate antigen of the LL—the Em2(G11) antigen—did not stimulate murine T-cell proliferation in vitro. In fact, the persistent metacestode growth and antigenic stimulation induced a Th2 shift in vivo following conventional infection by intraperitoneal inoculation of 100 metacestode vesicles into C57/BL6 mice. Concurrently, the expression of Th1 cytokines (interleukin-2 and gamma interferon) remained persistently low until the late stage of chronic infection. In comparison to a recombinant proteinic II/3 antigen, the specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) response against the Em2(G11) antigen (including all IgG isotypes) maintained persistently low avidity. Furthermore, the Em2(G11) antigen induced a specific IgM and IgG response in T-cell-deficient athymic nude, TCRβ−/−, major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII)−/−(CD4-deficient), and CD40−/−mice. The Em2(G11)-specific IgG synthesized in nude TCRβ−/− and MHCII−/− mice was predominantly of the IgG3 and IgG2a isotypes and of the IgG3 and IgG2b isotypes in CD40−/− mice. This finding suggested that in vivo, the IgG response to major carbohydrate antigen Em2(G11) ofE. multilocularis could take place independently of αβ+ CD4+ T cells and in the absence of CD40-CD40 ligand interactions; thus, the Em2(G11) antigen of the acellular LL represents a T-cell-independent antigen. Functionally, the encapsulating LL, and especially its major carbohydrate antigen, Em2(G11), seems to be one of the key factors in the parasite's survival strategy and acts by modulating the host immune response by virtue of its T-cell-independent nature.

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Correction for Kim et al., Identification of Mycobacterial Antigens in Human Urine by Use of Immunoglobulin G Isolated from Sera of Patients with Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.01059-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 54 (8) ◽

pp. 2208-2208

Author(s):

Sun Hee Kim ◽

Nan-Ee Lee ◽

Jong Seok Lee ◽

Jeong Hwan Shin ◽

Ju Yeon Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Immunoglobulin G ◽

Human Urine ◽

Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Mycobacterial Antigens

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Abstract #542 An Unusual Initial Presentation of Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Severe Hypercalcemia with Altered Mental Status and Renal Failure

Endocrine Practice ◽

10.1016/s1530-891x(20)47219-2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 130

Author(s):

Matthew Mandell ◽

Jennifer Velasco ◽

Armand Krikorian ◽

Anupama Ananth ◽

Joumana Chaiban ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Mental Status ◽

Altered Mental Status ◽

Initial Presentation ◽

Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Severe Hypercalcemia

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Electroconvulsive and insulin coma therapy in the presence of active pulmonary tuberculosis

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e534382008-003 ◽

1955 ◽

Author(s):

Louis Weinstein

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Insulin Coma ◽

Insulin Coma Therapy

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Deep-Learning Based Automated Detection Algorithm for Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis on Chest Radiographs: Diagnostic Performance in Systematic Screening of Asymptomatic Individuals

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3369785 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jong Hyuk Lee ◽

Sunggyun Park ◽

Eui Jin Hwang ◽

Jin Mo Goo ◽

Woo Young Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deep Learning ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Diagnostic Performance ◽

Detection Algorithm ◽

Automated Detection ◽

Chest Radiographs ◽

Systematic Screening ◽

Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Asymptomatic Individuals

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Persistently higher serum sCD40L levels are associated with outcome in septic patients

BMC Anesthesiology ◽

10.1186/s12871-021-01241-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yingjian Liang ◽

Chengrui Zhu ◽

Yini Sun ◽

Zhiliang Li ◽

Liang Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Septic Shock ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Cd40 Ligand ◽

Surgical Patients ◽

Soluble Cd40 Ligand ◽

Icu Admission ◽

Time Changes ◽

And Control ◽

Type Of Surgery

Abstract Background Soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) exhibits proinflammatory and procoagulant effects. Recent data indicated that sCD40L plays a significant role in septic patients. The aim of the present study was to determine sCD40L changes in surgical patients without sepsis (SWS) and surgical sepsis patients (SS) during the first 3 days after intensive care unit (ICU) admission and to observe the association between sCD40L and mortality. Methods Time changes in sCD40L levels were assessed for 3 days after ICU admission in 49 patients with SS and compared with those in 19 SWS patients. Serum sCD40L concentration was detected by ELISA. Survival at 28 days served as the endpoint. Results SS had significantly higher sCD40L levels than SWS and control patients. We observed an association between sCD40L levels ≥1028.75 pg/mL at day 2 and 28-day mortality (odds ratio = 7.888; 95% confidence interval = 1.758 to 35.395; P = 0.007). We could not discover any significant differences in sex, presence of septic shock, site of infection, length of stay in the ICU, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, incidence of AKI, ARDS, or type of surgery between nonsurvivors and survivors. Conclusions Septic patients show persistently higher circulating sCD40L levels in the first 3 days after ICU admission, and serum sCD40L levels are associated with the mortality of patients with sepsis. Thus, serum sCD40L may be used as a reliable biomarker and therapeutic target in sepsis.

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Metabolism of Heterogenic Hemoglobins

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v22.3.334.334 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 334-341 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

RICHARD D. LEVERE ◽

HERBERT C. LICHTMAN ◽

Joan Levine

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Sickle Cell Trait ◽

Hemoglobin S ◽

Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Hemoglobin A ◽

Abnormal Hemoglobin

Abstract The relative rates of incorporation of Fe59 into heterogenic hemoglobins was studied in four patients with sickle cell trait. Three of the patients were free of superimposed disease, while one had active pulmonary tuberculosis. In all subjects there was a significantly greater incorporation of radioiron, per milligram of hemoglobin, into hemoglobin S than into hemoglobin A. The data indicate that in sickle cell trait the rates of synthesis of the heterogenic hemoglobins are not proportional to their circulating concentrations. Two interpretations appear possible. Since the size of the intra-marrow pool of hemoglobin S was not known, it is possible that there exists a smaller preformed pool of the abnormal hemoglobin, with the isotope making its appearance first in hemoglobin S. However, it is also possible that hemoglobin S is synthesized at a rate which is greater than that reflected by its circulating concentration. This implies that the relative concentrations of hemoglobin S and hemoglobin A vary from erythrocyte to erythrocyte, and that those cells with the greatest proportion of hemoglobin S are selectively destroyed.

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