scholarly journals Immunization with Live Neisseria lactamica Protects Mice against Meningococcal Challenge and Can Elicit Serum Bactericidal Antibodies

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 6348-6355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanwen Li ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Megan Winterbotham ◽  
Eva Mowe ◽  
Andrew Gorringe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Colonization ◽  
Neisseria Lactamica ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Disease Understanding ◽  
Infants And Young Children

ABSTRACT Natural immunity against Neisseria meningitidis is thought to develop following nasopharyngeal colonization with this bacterium or other microbes expressing cross-reactive antigens. Neisseria lactamica is a commensal of the upper respiratory tract which is often carried by infants and young children; epidemiological evidence indicates that colonization with this bacterium can elicit serum bactericidal activity (SBA) against Neisseria meningitidis, the most validated correlate of protective immunity. Here we demonstrate experimentally that immunization of mice with live N. lactamica protects animals against lethal meningococcal challenge and that some, but not all, strains of N. lactamica elicit detectable SBA in immunized animals regardless of the serogroup of N. meningitidis. While it is unlikely that immunization with live N. lactamica will be implemented as a vaccine against meningococcal disease, understanding the basis for the induction of cross-protective immunity and SBA should be valuable in the design of subunit vaccines for the prevention of this important human infection.

scholarly journals Nasopharyngeal Colonization by Neisseria lactamica and Induction of Protective Immunity against Neisseria meningitidis

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cariad M. Evans ◽  
Catherine B. Pratt ◽  
Mary Matheson ◽  
Thomas E. Vaughan ◽  
Jamie Findlow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Colonization ◽  
Neisseria Lactamica

scholarly journals Dose-dependent response to infection with SARS-CoV-2 in the ferret model and evidence of protective immunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn A. Ryan ◽  
Kevin R. Bewley ◽  
Susan A. Fotheringham ◽  
Gillian S. Slack ◽  
Phillip Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Dose Titration ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Titration Study

AbstractThere is a vital need for authentic COVID-19 animal models to enable the pre-clinical evaluation of candidate vaccines and therapeutics. Here we report a dose titration study of SARS-CoV-2 in the ferret model. After a high (5 × 106 pfu) and medium (5 × 104 pfu) dose of virus is delivered, intranasally, viral RNA shedding in the upper respiratory tract (URT) is observed in 6/6 animals, however, only 1/6 ferrets show similar signs after low dose (5 × 102 pfu) challenge. Following sequential culls pathological signs of mild multifocal bronchopneumonia in approximately 5–15% of the lung is seen on day 3, in high and medium dosed groups. Ferrets re-challenged, after virus shedding ceased, are fully protected from acute lung pathology. The endpoints of URT viral RNA replication & distinct lung pathology are observed most consistently in the high dose group. This ferret model of SARS-CoV-2 infection presents a mild clinical disease.

scholarly journals Intranasal Infection of Ferrets with SARS-CoV-2 as a Model for Asymptomatic Human Infection

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Helen E. Everett ◽  
Fabian Z. X. Lean ◽  
Alexander M. P. Byrne ◽  
Pauline M. van Diemen ◽  
Shelley Rhodes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Genomic Sequence Analysis ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Ferrets were experimentally inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-related coronavirus 2) to assess infection dynamics and host response. During the resulting subclinical infection, viral RNA was monitored between 2 and 21 days post-inoculation (dpi), and reached a peak in the upper respiratory cavity between 4 and 6 dpi. Viral genomic sequence analysis in samples from three animals identified the Y453F nucleotide substitution relative to the inoculum. Viral RNA was also detected in environmental samples, specifically in swabs of ferret fur. Microscopy analysis revealed viral protein and RNA in upper respiratory tract tissues, notably in cells of the respiratory and olfactory mucosae of the nasal turbinates, including olfactory neuronal cells. Antibody responses to the spike and nucleoprotein were detected from 21 dpi, but virus-neutralizing activity was low. A second intranasal inoculation (re-exposure) of two ferrets after a 17-day interval did not produce re-initiation of viral RNA shedding, but did amplify the humoral response in one animal. Therefore, ferrets can be experimentally infected with SARS-CoV-2 to model human asymptomatic infection.

scholarly journals Human Infection withFusobacterium necrophorumwithout Jugular Venous Thrombosis: A Varied Presentation of Lemierre’s Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asim Rana ◽  
Yashwant Kumar ◽  
Abdullah Ali Lashari ◽  
Ahmed F. Mady
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Palsy ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Fusobacterium Necrophorum ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lemierre’S Syndrome ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Lemierre's Syndrome

Lemierre’s syndrome is also known as postangina septicemia, which is commonly caused byFusobacterium necrophorumalso known as Necrobacillus and also by other microorganisms likeStaphylococcus,Streptococcus,Peptostreptococcus, andBacteroides. Though the disease starts as an upper respiratory tract infection, it may spread and cause thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein. It may present itself through cranial nerve palsy or sepsis involving distant organs like the lungs or bones. It is also known as forgotten disease because of its rarity.Fusobacterium necrophorumusually causes infection in animals and rarely affects humans. We hereby present a case of Necrobacillus infection which did not cause any thrombophlebitis but resulted in severe pneumonia and acute kidney injury, leading to respiratory failure and requiring mechanical ventilation.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Neisseria meningitidis carriers in the school population of Catalonia, Spain

2001 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. DOMÍNGUEZ ◽  
N. CARDEÑOSA ◽  
C. IZQUIERDO ◽  
F. SÁNCHEZ ◽  
N. MARGALL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
School Population ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Treatment Number

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of healthy Neisseria meningitidis pharyngeal carriers in a representative sample of the Catalonian school population, as well as its associated factors. The sample was divided into age groups: [les ]5, 6–7 and 13–14 years old. Parents were given a questionnaire to collect information on sociodemographic and epidemiological variables. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected with a cotton-tipped swab in an Amies transport medium and cultured on Thayer Martin plates at 35 °C in 5% CO2. The isolates were serogrouped and sero/subtyped. Of the 1406 children studied, 75 (5·34%) meningococcal carriers were detected: 63 B (4·5%), 9 non groupable (0·7%), 2 29E (0·1%) and 1X (0·07%). No serogroup C meningococci were found in this study, probably due to the high A+C vaccination coverage of up to 68·9% in children 6–7 years old. Bivariate analysis identified six statistically significant risk factors for meningococcal carriage: increasing age, recent upper respiratory tract infection, previous antibiotic treatment, number of students in the class, size of the classroom and social class. Multivariate analysis found that only age and previous antibiotic treatment remained statistically significant when the other factors were controlled.

Cerebral Infarction Complicating Hemorrhagic Shock and Encephalopathy Syndrome

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 626-628
Author(s):  
SUSAN L. BRATTON ◽  
DAVID S. JARDINE
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Neurological Injury ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Initial Examination ◽  
Life Threatening Illness ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome (HSES) is a severe, life-threatening illness affecting infants and young children. Patients stricken with this illness suffer high rates of neurological injury and mortality. We describe a child with HSES whose course was complicated by global cerebral infarction. This injury, although extensive and severe, was not appreciated during the initial examination of the child. Cerebral infarction during HSES may not be detected reliably unless imaging studies of the central nervous system are preformed after cerebral edema has resolved. CASE REPORT The patient was a 7-week-old girl born to a healthy 20-year-old woman. The infant had been healthy until 1 week prior to admission when she developed an upper respiratory tract infection.

scholarly journals Group C streptococci in human infection: a study of 308 isolates with clinical correlations

1989 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Barnham ◽  
J. Kerby ◽  
R. S. Chandler ◽  
M. R. Millar
Keyword(s):  
Septic Arthritis ◽  
Pleural Empyema ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Acute Epiglottitis ◽  
Abdominal Abscesses ◽  
Clinical Correlations ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Lancefield Group

SUMMARYA collection of 308 clinical isolates of β-haemolytic Lancefield group C streptococci was assembled from laboratories in England. Nigeria and New Zealand. Of these, 276 isolates wereStreptococcus equisimilis. 23S. milleriand nineS. zooepidemicus. Isolates ofS. equisimilisin the African collection, though few, gave higher rates of lactose and raffinose fermentation, aesculin hydrolysis and positive α-galactosidase reactions than those from elsewhere. Erythromycin resistance was found in 1·9% of the English isolates ofS. equisimilis.Strains from superficial infections accounted for 88 % of the collection and were most commonly isolated from the upper respiratory tract, skin or wounds. Amongst the 36 patients yielding isolates from deep sitesS. equisimiliswas found in septicaemia, cellulitis, abscess, peritonitis, septic arthritis, pneumonia, mycotic aneurysm and acute epiglottitis.S. milleriwas found in abdominal abscesses, peritonitis, pleural empyema and osteomyelitis andS. zooepidemicuswas found in septicaemia, pneumonia, meningitis and septic arthritis. Within the collection an unselected general catchment of 214 isolates of group C streptococci from the laboratories in Yorkshire showed the following species: from 199 superficial infections 94%S. equisimilis. 5%S. milleriand 1%S. zooepidemicusand 15 patients with deeper, more agressive infections 67, 27 and 6·7% of these species respectively.

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