scholarly journals Role of Escherichia coli alpha-hemolysin and bacterial adherence in infection: requirement for release of inflammatory mediators from granulocytes and mast cells.

1986 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 886-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
B König ◽  
W König ◽  
J Scheffer ◽  
J Hacker ◽  
W Goebel
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Bacterial Adherence ◽  
Alpha Hemolysin

scholarly journals Role of Mast Cell-Derived Adenosine in Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaara Gorzalczany ◽  
Ronit Sagi-Eisenberg
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Adenosine Receptor ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
A3 Adenosine Receptor

Accumulating evidence has highlighted the accumulation of mast cells (MCs) in tumors. However, their impact on tumor development remained controversial. Indeed, cumulative data indicate an enigmatic role for MCs in cancer, whereby depending on the circumstances, which still need to be resolved, MCs function to promote or restrict tumor growth. By responding to multiple stimuli MCs release multiple inflammatory mediators, that contribute to the resolution of infection and resistance to envenomation, but also have the potency to promote or inhibit malignancy. Thus, MCs seem to possess the power to define tumor projections. Given this remarkable plasticity of MC responsiveness, there is an urgent need of understanding how MCs are activated in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We have recently reported on the direct activation of MCs upon contact with cancer cells by a mechanism involving an autocrine formation of adenosine and signaling by the A3 adenosine receptor. Here we summarized the evidence on the role of adenosine signaling in cancer, in MC mediated inflammation and in the MC-cancer crosstalk.

scholarly journals Role of Lactobacillus in Female Infertility Via Modulating Sperm Agglutination and Immobilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenghao Zhang ◽  
Jie Dai ◽  
Tingtao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Female Infertility ◽  
Bacterial Adherence ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Vaginal Tract

Infertility has become a common problem in recent decades. The pathogenesis of infertility is variable, but microbiological factors account for a large proportion of it. Dysbiosis of vaginal microbiota is reportedly associated with female infertility, but the influence of normal vaginal microbiota on infertility is unclear. In this review, we summarize the physiological characteristics of the vaginal tract and vaginal microbiota communities. We mainly focus on the bacterial adherence of vaginal Lactobacillus species. Given that the adherent effect plays a crucial role in the colonization of bacteria, we hypothesize that the adherent effect of vaginal Lactobacillus may also influence the fertility of the host. We also analyze the agglutination and immobilization effects of other bacteria, especially Escherichia coli, on ejaculated spermatozoa, and speculate on the possible effects of normal vaginal microbiota on female fertility.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Roles of Hemolysin and Other Toxins in Enteropathy Caused by Alpha-Hemolytic Escherichia coli Linked to Human Diarrhea

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 2040-2051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon J. Elliott ◽  
S. Srinivas ◽  
M. John Albert ◽  
Khorshed Alam ◽  
Roy M. Robins-Browne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Adult Rabbit ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Alpha Hemolysin ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli strains producing alpha-hemolysin have been associated with diarrhea in several studies, but it has not been clearly demonstrated that these strains are enteropathogens or that alpha-hemolysin is an enteric virulence factor. Such strains are generally regarded as avirulent commensals. We examined a collection of diarrhea-associated hemolytic E. coli (DHEC) strains for virulence factors. No strain produced classic enterotoxins, but they all produced an alpha-hemolysin that was indistinguishable from that of uropathogenic E. coli strains. DHEC strains also produced other toxins including cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1) and novel toxins, including a cell-detaching cytotoxin and a toxin that causes HeLa cell elongation. DHEC strains were enteropathogenic in the RITARD (reversible intestinal tie adult rabbit diarrhea) model of diarrhea, causing characteristic enteropathies, including inflammation, necrosis, and colonic cell hyperplasia in both small and large intestines. Alpha-hemolysin appeared to be a major virulence factor in this model since it conferred virulence to nonpathogenic E. colistrains. Other virulence factors also appear to be contributing to virulence. These findings support the epidemiologic link to diarrhea and suggest that further research into the role of DHEC and alpha-hemolysin in enteric disease is warranted.

Induction of the Early Hypotensive Phase by Escherichia coli: Role of Bacterial Surface Structures and Inflammatory Mediators

1985 ◽  
Vol 152 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Kalter ◽  
F. C. Jaspers ◽  
W. C. van Dijk ◽  
F. P. Nijkamp ◽  
W. de Jong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Bacterial Surface

Bacterial Adherence in Mastitis Caused by Escherichia coli

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 618-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Anderson ◽  
M. R. Burrows ◽  
A. J. Bramley
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Bacterial Adherence ◽  
Bovine Mammary Gland ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Highly Virulent

The possible role of bacterial adherence in the pathogenesis of experimental mastitis in the mouse was examined with four strains of Escherichia coli. Two of these strains had a known adhesion antigen (K88) and two did not. The K88 antigen did not play a significant role in the virulence or infectivity of E. coli either in the murine or bovine mammary gland. Two E. coli strains, W1 (K88+) and J2 (K88−) were virulent in the mouse but did not adhere to epithelial cells. Both these strains produced clinical mastitis in the cow. A third strain, D282 (K88−), produced mild disease in the mouse but was avirulent in the cow. The fourth strain, 233/1D (K88+), was avirulent in both the mouse and the cow. Strains D282 and 233/1D were killed rapidly by bovine serum whilst J2 and W1 were more resistant. All strains were more sensitive than the control resistant strain E. coli P4, which is known to be highly virulent for the lactating udder.

Role of mast cells and pro-inflammatory mediators on the intestinal secretion induced by cholera toxin

Toxicon ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos F.G Rocha ◽  
José E.P Aguiar ◽  
José J.C Sidrim ◽  
Raimundo B Costa ◽  
Regina F.G Feitosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Intestinal Secretion

scholarly journals The role of serine/threonine protein phosphatases in exocytosis

2003 ◽  
Vol 373 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair T. R. SIM ◽  
Monique L. BALDWIN ◽  
John A. P. ROSTAS ◽  
Jeff HOLST ◽  
Russell I. LUDOWYKE
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Protein Phosphatases ◽  
Differential Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Novel Therapies ◽  
Respiratory Response ◽  
Insulin Secreting Cells ◽  
Cell Processes

Modulation of exocytosis is integral to the regulation of cellular signalling, and a variety of disorders (such as epilepsy, hypertension, diabetes and asthma) are closely associated with pathological modulation of exocytosis. Emerging evidence points to protein phosphatases as key regulators of exocytosis in many cells and, therefore, as potential targets for the design of novel therapies to treat these diseases. Diverse yet exquisite regulatory mechanisms have evolved to direct the specificity of these enzymes in controlling particular cell processes, and functionally driven studies have demonstrated differential regulation of exocytosis by individual protein phosphatases. This Review discusses the evidence for the regulation of exocytosis by protein phosphatases in three major secretory systems, (1) mast cells, in which the regulation of exocytosis of inflammatory mediators plays a major role in the respiratory response to antigens, (2) insulin-secreting cells in which regulation of exocytosis is essential for metabolic control, and (3) neurons, in which regulation of exocytosis is perhaps the most complex and is essential for effective neurotransmission.

scholarly journals The Neuroendocrine Stress Hormone Norepinephrine Augments Escherichia coli O157:H7-Induced Enteritis and Adherence in a Bovine Ligated Ileal Loop Model of Infection

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 5446-5451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Vlisidou ◽  
Mark Lyte ◽  
Pauline M. van Diemen ◽  
Pippa Hawes ◽  
Paul Monaghan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Adherence ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Loop Model ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Ileal Loop ◽  
E Coli

ABSTRACT The role of the neuroendocrine environment in the pathogenesis of enteric bacterial infections is increasingly being recognized. Here we report that norepinephrine augments Escherichia coli O157:H7-induced intestinal inflammatory and secretory responses as well as bacterial adherence to intestinal mucosa in a bovine ligated ileal loop model of infection. Norepinephrine modulation of enteritis and adherence was dependent on the ability of E. coli O157:H7 to form attaching and effacing lesions.

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