In vivo colonization of the mouse large intestine and in vitro penetration of intestinal mucus by an avirulent smooth strain of Salmonella typhimurium and its lipopolysaccharide-deficient mutant.

La investigación tuvo como objetivos aislar e identificar bacterias lácticas (BAL), evaluar la capacidad probiótica in vitro e in vivo de bacterias lácticas aisladas de chicha de molle, para ello se muestreó chichas de molle elaboradas artesanalmente de las provincias de Huanta y Huamanga, aislando 55 cepas BAL e identificando a Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus maltaromicus y Leuconostoc mesenteroides en base a la coloración Gram, producción de gas, gluconato y fermentación de azúcares. Para evaluar la capacidad probiótica in vitro se realizaron pruebas de antagonismo entre BAL con cuatro microorganismos patógenos (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Staphylococus aureus ATCC 25923 y Candida albicans ATCC 90028), mostrándose que 14 de las 55 cepas BAL producen sustancias inhibitorias de amplio espectro; asimismo, se evaluó la capacidad de tolerancia a condiciones gastrointestinales de cepas BAL, realizando ensayos a diferentes pHs , diferentes concentraciones de sales biliares y extracto gástrico artificial, resultando 25 cepas BAL con capacidad de tolerancia gastrointestinal y se seleccionaron cuatro cepas con mayor diámetro de halos de inhibición y cepas tolerantes a condiciones gastrointestinales siendo las cepas: BL-1 (Lactobacillus plantarum), BL-26 (Lactobacillus maltaromicus), BL-27 (Lactobacillus plantarum) y BL-53 (Lactobacillus maltaromicus), a las cuales se evaluaron la capacidad probiótica in vivo en 20 ratas para luego realizar recuento de BAL en el intestino a los 21 días, encontrándose en el grupo de estudio con BAL a 60x1019 UFC/ mL, mientras en el tratamiento con BAL más yacón a 25x1024 UFC/mL y los tratamientos de yacón y control a 50x1014 UFC/mL de BAL obteniéndose una de ganancia de peso en ratas en el grupo de estudio de BAL más yacón de 46 g, mientras con bacterias lácticas se tuvo 24 g y 16 g en el grupo control y extracto de yacón. En consecuencia esta investigación demuestra que la toma diaria de bebidas fermentadas tradicionales favorece el incremento de Lactobacillus en la microbiota intestinal.

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Ingested Engineered Nanomaterials Affect the Expression of Mucin Genes—An In Vitro-In Vivo Comparison

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11102621 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2621

Author(s):

Gerrit Bredeck ◽

Angela A. M. Kämpfer ◽

Adriana Sofranko ◽

Tina Wahle ◽

Veronika Büttner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxicity Testing ◽

In Vitro Models ◽

Engineered Nanomaterials ◽

Intestinal Mucus ◽

Specific Effects ◽

Intestinal Infections ◽

Mucin Expression ◽

Mucin Genes

The increasing use of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) in food has fueled the development of intestinal in vitro models for toxicity testing. However, ENM effects on intestinal mucus have barely been addressed, although its crucial role for intestinal health is evident. We investigated the effects of ENM on mucin expression and aimed to evaluate the suitability of four in vitro models of increasing complexity compared to a mouse model exposed through feed pellets. We assessed the gene expression of the mucins MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC13 and MUC20 and the chemokine interleukin-8 in pre-confluent and confluent HT29-MTX-E12 cells, in stable and inflamed triple cultures of Caco-2, HT29-MTX-E12 and THP-1 cells, and in the ileum of mice following exposure to TiO2, Ag, CeO2 or SiO2. All ENM had shared and specific effects. CeO2 downregulated MUC1 in confluent E12 cells and in mice. Ag induced downregulation of Muc2 in mice. Overall, the in vivo data were consistent with the findings in the stable triple cultures and the confluent HT29-MTX-E12 cells but not in pre-confluent cells, indicating the higher relevance of advanced models for hazard assessment. The effects on MUC1 and MUC2 suggest that specific ENM may lead to an elevated susceptibility towards intestinal infections and inflammations.

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In Vitro Attachment of Salmonella typhimurium to Chicken Cecal Mucus: Effect of Cations and Pretreatment with Lactobacillus spp. Isolated from the Intestinal Tracts of Chickens

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-61.3.265 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 265-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

S. E. CRAVEN ◽

D. D. WILLIAMS

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Chelating Agents ◽

Culture Supernatant ◽

Divalent Cations ◽

Supernatant Fluid ◽

Specific Pathogen Free ◽

Intestinal Mucus ◽

Specific Pathogen ◽

Lactobacillus Spp

The attachment of radiolabeled Salmonella typhimurium 3333/O cells to immobilized cecal mucus from specific-pathogen-free leghorn chickens was determined in the presence of d-mannose. The attachment of S. typhimurium was inhibited by the chelating agents EDTA and citrate and by lanthanum but was enhanced in the presence of the calcium, barium, and manganese divalent cations. Summary findings of the effect of lectins are included. Attachment of lactobacilli, previously isolated from the intestines of chickens, to mucus was also enhanced by calcium and inhibited by chelators. The pretreatment of immobilized mucus with portions of cultures of five of eight strains of lactobacilli inhibited subsequent attachment of the S. typhimurium strain. Spent culture supernatant fluid and/or washed cells from these cultures inhibited attachment, and inhibition was enhanced by preheating the cells or supernatant fluid at 80°C. Results indicate that S. typhimurium mucus attachment not involving mannosyl-dependent receptors is influenced by presence of cations. Lactobacillus spp. isolated from the intestinal tracts of chickens produce cellular and cell-free components that inhibit this form of attachment to chicken intestinal mucus.

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The fermentation of polydextrose in the large intestine and its beneficial effects

Beneficial Microbes ◽

10.3920/bm2013.0065 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 305-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

H. Röytiö ◽

A.C. Ouwehand

Keyword(s):

Large Intestine ◽

Complex Structure ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Review ◽

Fermentation Products ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Glucose Polymer ◽

Upper Gastrointestinal

Polydextrose is a randomly bonded glucose polymer with a highly branched and complex structure. It resists digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract and is partially fermented in the large intestine by the colonic microbes. Due to its complex structure, a plethora of microbes is required for the catabolism of polydextrose and this process occurs slowly. This gradual fermentation of polydextrose gives rise to moderate amounts of fermentation products, such as short chain fatty acids and gas. The production of these metabolites continues in the distal part of the colon, which is usually considered to be depleted of saccharolytic fermentation substrates. The fermentation of polydextrose modifies the composition of the microbiota in the colon, and has been shown to impact appetite and satiety in humans and improve the gastrointestinal function. The purpose of this short review is to summarise the in vitro, in vivo and human studies investigating the fermentation properties of polydextrose in the large intestine.

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Functional reconstitution of the Salmonella typhimurium PhoQ histidine kinase sensor in proteoliposomes

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj20050060 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 390 (3) ◽

pp. 769-776 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Sarah Sanowar ◽

Hervé Le Moual

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Histidine Kinase ◽

Catalytic Domain ◽

Response Regulator ◽

Phosphoryl Group ◽

Two Component ◽

Two Component Signal Transduction ◽

High Concentrations

Two-component signal-transduction systems are widespread in bacteria. They are usually composed of a transmembrane histidine kinase sensor and a cytoplasmic response regulator. The PhoP/PhoQ two-component system of Salmonella typhimurium contributes to virulence by co-ordinating the adaptation to low concentrations of environmental Mg2+. Limiting concentrations of extracellular Mg2+ activate the PhoP/PhoQ phosphorylation cascade modulating the transcription of PhoP-regulated genes. In contrast, high concentrations of extracellular Mg2+ stimulate the dephosphorylation of the response regulator PhoP by the PhoQ kinase sensor. In the present study, we report the purification and functional reconstitution of PhoQHis, a PhoQ variant with a C-terminal His tag, into Escherichia coli liposomes. The functionality of PhoQHis was essentially similar to that of PhoQ as shown in vivo and in vitro. Purified PhoQHis was inserted into liposomes in a unidirectional orientation, with the sensory domain facing the lumen and the catalytic domain facing the extraluminal environment. Reconstituted PhoQHis exhibited all the catalytic activities that have been described for histidine kinase sensors. Reconstituted PhoQHis was capable of autokinase activity when incubated in the presence of Mg2+-ATP. The phosphoryl group could be transferred from reconstituted PhoQHis to PhoP. Reconstituted PhoQHis catalysed the dephosphorylation of phospho-PhoP and this activity was stimulated by the addition of extraluminal ADP.

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Effect of a dried live yeast culture on in vivo apparent digestibility and on in vitro fibrolytic activity of large intestine fluid contents, in horses fed high fibre or high starch pelleted feeds

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200000594 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 2000 ◽

pp. 58-58

Author(s):

B. Medina ◽

D. Poillon ◽

R. Power ◽

V. Julliand

Keyword(s):

Large Intestine ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Yeast Culture ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Yeast Cultures ◽

High Fibre ◽

High Starch ◽

Live Yeast

Performance horses are often fed very energetic diets including large amount of grains. Thus, a important quantity of soluble carbohydrate is bound to reach the hindgut, altering biochemical and microbial composition of the intestinal contents (Julliand et al., 1999) and leading to a wide variety of diseases like colic, laminitis and diarrhoea (Clarke et al., 1990). In high concentrate rations, live yeast cultures have been reported to stimulate specific groups of bacteria, and moderate large ruminal pH decreases (Williams et al., 1991). Therefore, this trial was designed to evaluate the effect of a live yeast culture preparation (Yea Sacc1026™) on the activity of the intestinal ecosystem (caecum and colon) of horses fed high fibre (HF) or high starch (HS) pelleted feeds. This current summary reports only the results of the nutrient digestibility in vivo and the ability in vitro of large intestine fluid contents to degrade straw.

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Antibacterial activity and effects of Colla corii asini on Salmonella typhimurium invasion in vitro and in vivo

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12906-017-2020-9 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kwang-il Park ◽

Mi-ra Lee ◽

Tae-woo Oh ◽

Kwang-Youn Kim ◽

Jin-yeul Ma

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Colla Corii Asini

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An In Vivo and In Vitro Evaluation of the Mutual Interactions between the Lung and the Large Intestine

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/695641 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lei-Miao Yin ◽

Guang-Quan Zhang ◽

Xing-Ke Yan ◽

Yu Wang ◽

Yu-Dong Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Intestine ◽

Rat Model ◽

Lung Homogenate ◽

Muscle Strip ◽

Pulmonary Resistance ◽

Pulmonary Functions ◽

Resting Pressure ◽

First Time

One of the most important theories of the traditional Chinese medicine is the exterior-interior relationship between the lung and the large intestine; so far, little direct experimental evidence has been reported to support such relationship. Here we for the first time investigated the mutual interactions between the lung and the large intestine by examining the relevancies between the pulmonary functions and the rectal resting pressure in the rat models of asthma and constipation. We also evaluated the effects of the lung homogenate and the large intestine homogenate on the isolated large intestine muscle strip and the isolated tracheal spiral, respectively. Our results showed that the pulmonary resistance and pulmonary compliance were closely related to the rectal resting pressure in the asthmatic rat model, while the rectal resting pressure was much correlated with the pulmonary resistance in the rat model of constipation. Moreover, it was shown that the lung homogenate could specifically contract the isolated large intestine muscle strip. Overall, this study provided new lines of evidence for the theory and highlighted the potential application in the treatment of the corresponding diseases.

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