scholarly journals Streptococcus gordonii Hsa Environmentally Constrains Competitive Binding by Streptococcus sanguinis to Saliva-Coated Hydroxyapatite

2007 ◽  
Vol 189 (8) ◽  
pp. 3106-3114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela H. Nobbs ◽  
Yongshu Zhang ◽  
Ali Khammanivong ◽  
Mark C. Herzberg
Keyword(s):  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Competitive Binding ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Streptococcus Gordonii ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguinis ◽  
Competitive Capabilities ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Isogenic Mutants

ABSTRACT Competition between pioneer colonizing bacteria may determine polymicrobial succession during dental plaque development, but the ecological constraints are poorly understood. For example, more Streptococcus sanguinis than Streptococcus gordonii organisms are consistently isolated from the same intraoral sites, yet S. gordonii fails to be excluded and survives as a species over time. To explain this observation, we hypothesized that S. gordonii could compete with S. sanguinis to adhere to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (sHA), an in vitro model of the tooth surface. Both species bound similarly to sHA, yet 10- to 50-fold excess S. gordonii DL1 reduced binding of S. sanguinis SK36 by 85 to >95%. S. sanguinis, by contrast, did not significantly compete with S. gordonii to adhere. S. gordonii competed with S. sanguinis more effectively than other species of oral streptococci and depended upon the salivary film on HA. Next, putative S. gordonii adhesins were analyzed for contributions to interspecies competitive binding. Like wild-type S. gordonii, isogenic mutants with mutations in antigen I/II polypeptides (sspAB), amylase-binding proteins (abpAB), and Csh adhesins (cshAB) competed effectively against S. sanguinis. By contrast, an hsa-deficient mutant of S. gordonii showed significantly reduced binding and competitive capabilities, while these properties were restored in an hsa-complemented strain. Thus, Hsa confers a selective advantage to S. gordonii over S. sanguinis in competitive binding to sHA. Hsa expression may, therefore, serve as an environmental constraint against S. sanguinis, enabling S. gordonii to persist within the oral cavity, despite the greater natural prevalence of S. sanguinis in plaque and saliva.

Epithelial-connective tissue interaction on the tooth surface: An in vitro model

1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 461-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pitaru ◽  
M. Hekmati ◽  
Z. Metzger ◽  
N. Savion
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Tissue Interaction ◽  
Vitro Model

scholarly journals Streptococcal Antagonism in Oral Biofilms: Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus gordonii Interference with Streptococcus mutans

2008 ◽  
Vol 190 (13) ◽  
pp. 4632-4640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Kreth ◽  
Yongshu Zhang ◽  
Mark C. Herzberg
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Streptococcus Gordonii ◽  
Interspecies Interactions ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguinis ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Oral Biofilms ◽  
Competence System

ABSTRACT Biofilms are polymicrobial, with diverse bacterial species competing for limited space and nutrients. Under healthy conditions, the different species in biofilms maintain an ecological balance. This balance can be disturbed by environmental factors and interspecies interactions. These perturbations can enable dominant growth of certain species, leading to disease. To model clinically relevant interspecies antagonism, we studied three well-characterized and closely related oral species, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus sanguinis, and cariogenic Streptococcus mutans. S. sanguinis and S. gordonii used oxygen availability and the differential production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to compete effectively against S. mutans. Interspecies antagonism was influenced by glucose with reduced production of H2O2. Furthermore, aerobic conditions stimulated the competence system and the expression of the bacteriocin mutacin IV of S. mutans, as well as the H2O2-dependent release of heterologous DNA from mixed cultures of S. sanguinis and S. gordonii. These data provide new insights into ecological factors that determine the outcome of competition between pioneer colonizing oral streptococci and the survival mechanisms of S. mutans in the oral biofilm.

scholarly journals An In Vitro Model for Candida albicans–Streptococcus gordonii Biofilms on Titanium Surfaces

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Montelongo-Jauregui ◽  
Anand Srinivasan ◽  
Anand Ramasubramanian ◽  
Jose Lopez-Ribot
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Streptococcus Gordonii ◽  
Titanium Surfaces ◽  
Vitro Model

scholarly journals Amino Sugars Modify Antagonistic Interactions between Commensal Oral Streptococci andStreptococcus mutans

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lulu Chen ◽  
Brinta Chakraborty ◽  
Jing Zou ◽  
Robert A. Burne ◽  
Lin Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Arginine Deiminase ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Amino Sugars ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Streptococcus Gordonii ◽  
Oral Biofilms ◽  
Low Passage

ABSTRACTN-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and glucosamine (GlcN) enhance the competitiveness of the laboratory strain DL1 ofStreptococcus gordoniiagainst the caries pathogenStreptococcus mutans. Here we examine how amino sugars affect the interaction of five low-passage clinical isolates of abundant commensal streptococci withS. mutansutilizing a dual-species biofilm model. Compared to glucose, growth on GlcN or GlcNAc significantly reduced the viability ofS. mutansin co-cultures with most commensals, shifting the proportions of species. Consistent with these results, production of H2O2was increased in most commensals when growing on amino sugars, and inhibition ofS. mutansbyStreptococcus cristatus, Streptococcus oralis,orS. gordoniiwas enhanced by amino sugars on agar plates. All commensals exceptS. oralishad higher arginine deiminase activities when grown on GlcN, and in some cases GlcNAc. Inex vivobiofilms formed using pooled cell-containing saliva (CCS), the proportions ofS. mutanswere drastically diminished when GlcNAc was the primary carbohydrate. Increased production of H2O2could account in large part for the inhibitory effects of CCS biofilms. Surprisingly, amino sugars appeared to improve mutacin production byS. mutanson agar plates, suggesting that the commensals have mechanisms to actively subvert antagonism byS. mutansin co-cultures. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that amino sugars can enhance the beneficial properties of low-passage commensal oral streptococci and highlight their potential for moderating the cariogenicity of oral biofilms.SIGNIFICANCEDental caries is driven by dysbiosis of oral biofilms in which dominance by acid-producing and acid-tolerant bacteria results in loss of tooth mineral. Our previous work demonstrated the beneficial effects of amino sugars, GlcNAc and GlcN, in promoting the antagonistic properties of a health-associated oral bacterium,Streptococcus gordonii,in competition with the major caries pathogenStreptococcus mutans.Here we investigated 5 low-passage clinical isolates of the most common streptococcal species to establish how amino sugars may influence the ecology and virulence of oral biofilms. Using multiplein vitromodels, including a human saliva-derived microcosm biofilm, experiments showed significant enhancement by at least one amino sugar in the ability of most of these bacteria to suppress the caries pathogen. Therefore, our findings demonstrated the mechanism of action by which amino sugars may affect human oral biofilms to promote health.

scholarly journals Identification of Independent Streptococcus gordonii SspA and SspB Functions in Coaggregation withActinomyces naeslundii

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 7512-7516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Egland ◽  
Laurence D. Dû ◽  
Paul E. Kolenbrander
Keyword(s):  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Double Mutant ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Streptococcus Gordonii ◽  
Actinomyces Naeslundii ◽  
Distinct Cell

ABSTRACT The initial stages of dental plaque formation involve the adherence of early colonizing organisms such as Streptococcus gordonii and Actinomyces naeslundii to the saliva-coated tooth surface and to each other. The S. gordonii surface proteins SspA and SspB are known to play a role in adherence to salivary proteins and mediate coaggregation with other bacteria. Coaggregation is the adhesin receptor-mediated interaction between genetically distinct cell types and appears to be ubiquitous among oral isolates. To define the function of SspA and SspB separately on the surface of their natural host, we constructed and analyzed the coaggregation properties of an isogenicsspB mutant of S. gordonii DL1, ansspAB double mutant, and a previously describedsspA mutant. A. naeslundii strains have been previously classified into six coaggregation groups based on the nature of their coaggregations with S. gordonii DL1 and other oral streptococci. Coaggregation assays with thesspA and sspB mutants showed that SspA and SspB are the streptococcal proteins primarily responsible for defining these coaggregation groups and, thus, are highly significant in the establishment of early dental plaque. SspA exhibited two coaggregation-specific functions. It participated in lactose-inhibitable and -noninhibitable interactions, while SspB mediated only lactose-noninhibitable coaggregations. Accordingly, thesspAB double mutant lacked these functions and allowed us to detect a third coaggregation interaction with one of these organisms. These proteins may play an important role in development ofS. gordonii-A. naeslundii communities in early dental plaque. Understanding these adhesin proteins will aid investigations of complex microbial communities that characterize periodontal diseases.

scholarly journals Involvement of an Inducible Fructose Phosphotransferase Operon in Streptococcus gordonii Biofilm Formation

2003 ◽  
Vol 185 (21) ◽  
pp. 6241-6254 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Loo ◽  
K. Mitrakul ◽  
I. B. Voss ◽  
C. V. Hughes ◽  
N. Ganeshkumar
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Transcriptional Repressor ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Streptococcus Gordonii ◽  
Galactosidase Activity ◽  
Phosphotransferase System ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Transposon Insertion ◽  
Catabolite Control

ABSTRACT Oral streptococci, such as Streptococcus gordonii, are the predominant early colonizers that initiate biofilm formation on tooth surfaces. Investigation of an S. gordonii::Tn917-lac biofilm-defective mutant isolated by using an in vitro biofilm formation assay showed that the transposon insertion is near the 3′ end of an open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein homologous to Streptococcus mutans FruK. Three genes, fruR, fruK, and fruI, were predicted to encode polypeptides that are part of the fructose phosphotransferase system (PTS) in S. gordonii. These proteins, FruR, FruK, and FruI, are homologous to proteins encoded by the inducible fruRKI operon of S. mutans. In S. mutans, FruR is a transcriptional repressor, FruK is a fructose-1-phosphate kinase, and FruI is the fructose-specific enzyme II (fructose permease) of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar PTS. Reverse transcription-PCR confirmed that fruR, fruK, and fruI are cotranscribed as an operon in S. gordonii, and the transposon insertion in S. gordonii fruK::Tn917-lac resulted in a nonpolar mutation. Nonpolar inactivation of either fruK or fruI generated by allelic replacement resulted in a biofilm-defective phenotype, whereas a nonpolar mutant with an inactivated fruR gene retained the ability to form a biofilm. Expression of fruK, as measured by the β-galactosidase activity of the fruK::Tn917-lac mutant, was observed to be growth phase dependent and was enhanced when the mutant was grown in media with high levels of fructose, sucrose, xylitol, and human serum, indicating that the fructose PTS operon was fructose and xylitol inducible, similar to the S. mutans fructose PTS. The induction by fructose was inhibited by the presence of glucose, indicating that glucose is able to catabolite repress fruK expression. Nonpolar inactivation of the fruR gene in the fruK::Tn917-lac mutant resulted in a greater increase in β-galactosidase activity when the organism was grown in media supplemented with fructose, confirming that fruR is a transcriptional repressor of the fructose PTS operon. These results suggest that the regulation of fructose transport and metabolism in S. gordonii is intricately tied to carbon catabolite control and the ability to form biofilms. Carbon catabolite control, which modulates carbon flux in response to environmental nutritional levels, appears to be important in the regulation of bacterial biofilms.

scholarly journals Diminished Potential for B-Lymphoid Differentiation after Murine Leukemia Virus Infection In Vivo and in EML Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (13) ◽  
pp. 7274-7279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha L. Finstad ◽  
Naomi Rosenberg ◽  
Laura S. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Murine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
B Lymphoid ◽  
Murine Leukemia

ABSTRACT Infection with a recombinant murine-feline gammaretrovirus, MoFe2, or with the parent virus, Moloney murine leukemia virus, caused significant reduction in B-lymphoid differentiation of bone marrow at 2 to 8 weeks postinfection. The suppression was selective, in that myeloid potential was significantly increased by infection. Analysis of cell surface markers and immunoglobulin H gene rearrangements in an in vitro model demonstrated normal B-lymphoid differentiation after infection but significantly reduced viability of differentiating cells. This reduction in viability may confer a selective advantage on undifferentiated lymphoid progenitors in the bone marrow of gammaretrovirus-infected animals and thereby contribute to the establishment of a premalignant state.

scholarly journals Streptococcus gordonii Biofilm Formation: Identification of Genes that Code for Biofilm Phenotypes

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (5) ◽  
pp. 1374-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Loo ◽  
D. A. Corliss ◽  
N. Ganeshkumar
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Streptococcus Gordonii ◽  
Viridans Streptococci ◽  
Bacterial Physiology

ABSTRACT Viridans streptococci, which include Streptococcus gordonii, are pioneer oral bacteria that initiate dental plaque formation. Sessile bacteria in a biofilm exhibit a mode of growth that is distinct from that of planktonic bacteria. Biofilm formation ofS. gordonii Challis was characterized using an in vitro biofilm formation assay on polystyrene surfaces. The same assay was used as a nonbiased method to screen isogenic mutants generated by Tn916 transposon mutagenesis for defective biofilm formation. Biofilms formed optimally when bacteria were grown in a minimal medium under anaerobic conditions. Biofilm formation was affected by changes in pH, osmolarity, and carbohydrate content of the growth media. Eighteen biofilm-defective mutants ofS. gordonii Challis were identified based on Southern hybridization with a Tn916-based probe and DNA sequences of the Tn916-flanking regions. Molecular analyses of these mutants showed that some of the genes required for biofilm formation are involved in signal transduction, peptidoglycan biosynthesis, and adhesion. These characteristics are associated with quorum sensing, osmoadaptation, and adhesion functions in oral streptococci. Only nine of the biofilm-defective mutants had defects in genes of known function, suggesting that novel aspects of bacterial physiology may play a part in biofilm formation. Further identification and characterization of biofilm-associated genes will provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of biofilm formation of oral streptococci.

scholarly journals Molecular Interactions of Surface Protein Peptides of Streptococcus gordonii with Human Salivary Components

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 4819-4826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki Hamada ◽  
Masatsugu Kawashima ◽  
Haruo Watanabe ◽  
Junji Tagami ◽  
Hidenobu Senpuku
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Interactions ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Streptococcus Gordonii ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Salivary Pellicle ◽  
Tooth Surfaces

ABSTRACT Oral streptococci play a large role in dental biofilm formation, and several types interact as early colonizers with the enamel salivary pellicle to form the primary biofilm, as well as to incorporate other bacteria on tooth surfaces. Interactions of surface molecules of individual streptococci with the salivary pellicle on the tooth surface have an influence on the etiological properties of an oral biofilm. To elucidate the molecular interactions of streptococci with salivary components, binding between surface protein (SspB and PAg) peptides of Streptococcus gordonii and Streptococcus sobrinus were investigated by utilizing BIAcore biosensor technology. The analogous peptide [change of T at position 400 to K in SspB(390-402), resulting in the SspB(390-T400K-402) peptide] from S. gordonii showed the greatest response for binding to salivary components and inhibited the binding of Streptococcus sanguis by more than 50% in a competitive inhibition assay in a comparison with other SspB and PAg peptides. This peptide also bound to the high-molecular-weight protein complex of salivary components and the agglutinin (gp340/DMBT1) peptide (scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain peptide 2 [SRCRP 2]). In addition, the SspB(390-T400K-402) peptide was visualized by two surface positive charges in connection with the positively charged residues, in which lysine was a key residue for binding. Therefore, the region containing lysine may have binding activity in S. gordonii and S. sanguis, and the SRCRP 2 region may function as a receptor for the binding. These findings may provide useful information regarding the molecular mechanism of early biofilm formation by streptococci on tooth surfaces.

scholarly journals An In Vitro Model for Oral Mixed Biofilms of Candida albicans and Streptococcus gordonii in Synthetic Saliva

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Montelongo-Jauregui ◽  
Anand Srinivasan ◽  
Anand K. Ramasubramanian ◽  
Jose L. Lopez-Ribot
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Streptococcus Gordonii ◽  
Vitro Model
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document