Nurses' efforts to maintain competence: a qualitative study

Background: The clinical competence of nurses should be maintained to ensure patient safety. Competence is the integration of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Nurse competency also improves the quality of nursing care and reduces the incidence of missed nursing care. This study aimed to explore the experiences of nurses maintaining a nurse competence system in hospitals through continuing education.Design and Methods: The research method used was qualitative phenomenological research, and the data was collected through an in-depth interview which was consist of six participants.Results: The results of the research were 1). continuing professional development to maintain the competence, 2) credentialing system in the career ladder system, 3). missed care still occurred in the implementation of nursing services 4). Nurses had hopes that managers supported the efforts to maintain competence through continuing professional development.Conclusion: Nurse managers are expected to improve the supervision program to maintain clinical competence and decrease missed care.

The future teacher of physical culture as a subject of forming the health-saving educational environment

The article presents the results of research the problem of educational environment in the system of professional education according to the basic criteria of successful learning and health. The set of algorithms of activity have been formed, which focus on special training of future specialists in physical culture to create a healthy educational environment. They concerns modern conditions of transition to the competence system of education, format of blended learning, taking into account features of distance forms of educational activity. In the context of the competence model of education (full-time or distance), the educational environment is interpreted as an interconnected interactive activity of the teacher and students, a kind of counter movement to ensure its healthy potential. There were determined he bases of semantic and technological reorientation of the system of professional training of the future teacher of physical culture according to the standards of competence education, system of competences which must be owned by a specialist.

The Emergence of a Complex Language Skill: Evidence from the Self-organization of Interpreting Competence in Interpreting Students

Research on the development of interpreting competence could be a window to the issue of how L2 learners develop complex language skills. The present study conducted a longitudinal experiment with beginning interpreting students, exploring the change of relationship between consecutive interpreting (CI) competence and two related capacities (i.e., language competence and memory capacity). Two major results were revealed. First, in general, more language skills and working memory (WM) spans got correlated with CI performance at the later stage of CI training. Second, a fit structural equation model of CI competence could only be reported in the post-test. We may therefore conclude that the development of interpreting competence is at least partly a result of the self-organization of the interpreting competence system, in which relevant components get mobilized, and a better coordinated structure emerges. Implications for the development of complex language skills and for the concept of self-organization are discussed.

A Novel Competence Pathway in the Oral Pathogen Streptococcus sobrinus

Streptococcus sobrinus is an etiologic cause of dental caries (tooth decay) in humans. Our knowledge of S. sobrinus is scant despite the organism’s important role in oral health. It is widely believed that S. sobrinus lacks the natural competence pathways that are used by other streptococci to regulate growth, virulence, and quorum sensing. The lack of natural competence has also prevented genetic manipulation of S. sobrinus, limiting our knowledge of its pathogenicity. We discovered that most strains of S. sobrinus contain a new class of the ComRS competence system. Although S. sobrinus is typically placed among the mutans group streptococci, the S. sobrinus ComRS system is most similar to the competence pathways in the salivarius group. Unlike all other ComRS systems, the S. sobrinus pathway contains 2 copies of the transcriptional regulator ComR and has a peptide pheromone (XIP) that lacks any aromatic amino acids. Synthetic XIP enables transformation of S. sobrinus with plasmid or linear DNA, and we leverage this newfound genetic tractability to confirm that only 1 of the ComR homologs is required for induced competence while the other appears to suppress competence. Exogenous XIP increases the expression of bacteriocin gene clusters and produces an antimicrobial response that inhibits growth of S. mutans. We also identified 2 strains of S. sobrinus that appear to be “cheaters” by either not responding to or not producing XIP. We show how a recombination event in the nonresponsive strain could restore function of the ComRS pathway but delete the gene encoding XIP. Thus, the S. sobrinus ComRS pathway provides new tools for studying this pathogen and offers a lens into the evolution of ecological cheaters.

LEGALANALYSIS ON THE INTERDEPENDENT COMPETENCES BETWEEN STATE AGENCIES IN ENACT OF THE VOLUNTAR ARBITRATION LEGAL REGIME (A STUDY FROM TIMOR-LESTE GOVERNMENT)

The adoption of separation of power principles given by Montesqiu in governing the state in Timor-Leste is clearly granted by its 2002 Constitution. However, the debate on its interdependent competence in regard to the legislatif initiative and authority delegation to enact any regime remain doubted. Include in this study on these two major organs of executive lead by the government and the legislatif led by the parliament on its interdependent competence on enacting of the Voluntary Arbitration Legal Bill in Timor-Leste. Early this year, the Timor-Leste Government enacted a new Voluntary Arbitration Legal Bill aligned with passing a Government Resolution on the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Award (convention on the recognition and implementation of foreign Arbitration Awards). This Convention has been ratied by the Timor-Leste National Parliament through the Resolution number 3/V/2 dated 20 January 2021 concerning Timor-Leste's accession to the 1959 New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards. This study examined the interdependence on the separation of powers in a two dominant competence system which are the government with the competence of Delegation Authorities to initiate a legislation and the parliament with the attribution to enact a legal regime and more over to the political decision on proposed law of the Voluntary Arbitration Legal Bill. Hence, this study resume that, although the government competence attribute by the constitution were stipulated clearly in Timor-Leste Constitution in article 115 (3) such as its competence to has exclusive legislative competence on matters concerning its own organization and functioning, as well as on the direct and indirect administration of the State. Hence this competence provide authorities to propose and drafting any legal regime that matters to government concern only as authorized by the parliament only as compared to the article 96 point 1 line k) on legislatif authorities as well as article 97 point 1 line 3) on legislatif initiative which government hold the delegation authorized only by the parliament to initiate legislation and in regards to the general rules and regulations for the requisition and expropriation for public utility; furthermore to enact the Voluntary Arbitration Legal Regime for its citizens.

The model of praxeological competence formation in future masters of dentistry

The article elucidates the significance of future dentists’ practical training. It has been established, that the great attention of available foreign scientific sources is paid to the issue of improving the dental educational content based on the competence approach; nevertheless, modeling of educational process’ components has not been considered so far. The importance of modeling, as a method of educational process’ studying components, has been determined. The authors’ model of praxeological competence formation of future master of dentistry is presented. It consists of the basic components, which are determined as interconnected blocks: the target one declares the goal and defines the tasks necessary for its achievement; theoretical-methodological block reveals the praxeological competence structure (motivation, gnostic, activity, deontic, scientific-research, reflexive components), basic approaches (competence, system, personal, activity, synergetic, context), principles (subsequence, transparency, evidence-based, scientificity, rationality, creativity, effectiveness) and ways for achieving the aim based on the updated normative base of dental education (branch educational standard of the specialty “Dentistry”, EQC, EPP, elaborated on its base and with the use of necessary pedagogical conditions); the content-procedural block determines the ways of pedagogical conditions realization based on the updated content of dental education of interdisciplinary integration of basic and professional subjects, improvement of methodological instruments (classroom work, projects, self-study work, individual, distant forms; traditional, innovative, interactive methods; means of simulation, under clinic conditions, portfolio), resulting-reflexive block reflects and fixes the levels of future masters’ of dentistry praxeological competence formation according to its components and is based on correspondent criteria and indicators, gives a possibility to ascertain an obtained educational result according to defined levels (minimal and sufficient). The model shows the researched process as an integral system that gives a possibility to correct the future masters’ of dentistry professional training according to the influence of internal and external factors on the educational process; to determine vectors of its evolution in the context of competence approach introduction into dental education

Methodological Approaches to the Formation of Innovative Competence of the Future Primary School Teacher

The article deals with the methodological approaches to the formation of innovative competence of future primary school teachers, in particular competence, system, activity and innovation, are studied. In the course of the study, the author notes that the competency approach involves a comprehensive mastery of knowledge and methods of practical activities, which ensures successful activities and promotes self-realization in modern society of professionals. The relevance of the combination and close connection of scientific approaches: systemic and competence, as characterizing the systemic features of the formation of specialist competence, should take into account the fact that the characteristics are constantly changing according to events in the context of professional activities. It is concluded that the individual-creative approach promotes the formation of innovation and involves the implementation of individual and unique activities of future primary school teachers, which is realized through the creation of creative products.

Monitoring of the Presence of Professional Expert Communities in the Russian Federation and Assessment of their Participation in the Development of the National Competence System

The article deals with the results of monitoring of the presence of professional expert communities in the Russian Federation, which have a particular impact on addressing socio-economic issues, including promoting the development of the national qualifications system in the country. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is a criterial disclosure of the activities of expert communities based on the structure of the National Qualifications System. The study was carried out in 2020 and is a continuation of the previous works by the authors, implemented in 2016-2019, whose purpose was to monitor communities in a separate area of professional activity – personnel management. This study involved 56 communities, which were selected based on the participation of their representatives in one of ten Councils for Professional Competence (25% of all Councils currently operating in the Russian Federation). The results may be of interest to representatives of the institutions of the National Competence System, as well as the education system in the context of the influence of trade communities on the content of educational programs through professional standards created by community representatives, and to the professional expert communities themselves.

Bacterial nanotubes as a manifestation of cell death

Bacterial nanotubes are membranous structures that have been reported to function as conduits between cells to exchange DNA, proteins, and nutrients. Here, we investigate the morphology and formation of bacterial nanotubes using Bacillus subtilis. We show that nanotube formation is associated with stress conditions, and is highly sensitive to the cells’ genetic background, growth phase, and sample preparation methods. Remarkably, nanotubes appear to be extruded exclusively from dying cells, likely as a result of biophysical forces. Their emergence is extremely fast, occurring within seconds by cannibalizing the cell membrane. Subsequent experiments reveal that cell-to-cell transfer of non-conjugative plasmids depends strictly on the competence system of the cell, and not on nanotube formation. Our study thus supports the notion that bacterial nanotubes are a post mortem phenomenon involved in cell disintegration, and are unlikely to be involved in cytoplasmic content exchange between live cells.