A Region of ςK Involved in Promoter Activation by GerE in Bacillus subtilis
ABSTRACT During endospore formation in Bacillus subtilis, the DNA binding protein GerE stimulates transcription from several promoters that are used by RNA polymerase containing ςK. GerE binds to a site on one of these promoters, cotX, that overlaps its −35 region. We tested the model that GerE interacts with ςK at the cotX promoter by seeking amino acid substitutions in ςK that interfered with GerE-dependent activation of the cotX promoter but which did not affect utilization of the ςK-dependent, GerE-independent promoter gerE. We identified two amino acid substitutions in ςK, E216K and H225Y, that decrease cotXpromoter utilization but do not affect gerE promoter activity. Alanine substitutions at these positions had similar effects. We also examined the effects of the E216A and H225Y substitutions in ςK on transcription in vitro. We found that these substitutions specifically reduced utilization of the cotXpromoter. These and other results suggest that the amino acid residues at positions 216 and 225 are required for GerE-dependentcotX promoter activity, that the histidine at position 225 of ςK may interact with GerE at the cotXpromoter, and that this interaction may facilitate the initial binding of ςK RNA polymerase to the cotX promoter. We also found that the alanine substitutions at positions 216 and 225 of ςK had no effect on utilization of the GerE-dependent promoter cotD, which contains GerE binding sites that do not overlap with its −35 region.