Genomic Subtraction Identifies Salmonella typhimurium Prophages, F-Related Plasmid Sequences, and a Novel Fimbrial Operon, stf, Which Are Absent inSalmonella typhi

ABSTRACT Salmonella typhimurium causes systemic and fatal infection in inbred mice, while the related serotype Salmonella typhi is avirulent for mammals other than humans. In order to identify genes from the virulent strain S. typhimurium ATCC 14028 that are absent in S. typhi Ty2, and therefore might be involved in S. typhimurium mouse virulence, a PCR-supported genomic subtractive hybridization procedure was employed. We have identified a novel putative fimbrial operon,stfACDEFG, located at centisome 5 of the S. typhimurium chromosome, which is absent in S. typhi,Salmonella arizonae, and Salmonella bongori but was detected in several other Salmonella serotypes. The fimbrial genes represent a genomic insertion in S. typhimurium compared to the respective region betweenfhuB and hemL in Escherichia coliK-12. In addition, the subtraction procedure yielded F plasmid-related sequences from the S. typhimurium virulence plasmid, a number of DNA fragments representing parts of lambdoid prophages and putative sugar transporters, and several fragments with unknown sequences. The majority of subtracted chromosomal sequences map to three distinct locations, around centisomes 5, 27, and 57.

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Genomic Subtractive Hybridization and Selective Capture of Transcribed Sequences Identify a Novel Salmonella typhimurium Fimbrial Operon and Putative Transcriptional Regulator That Are Absent from the Salmonella typhi Genome

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.67.10.5106-5116.1999 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 67 (10) ◽

pp. 5106-5116 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Brian J. Morrow ◽

James E. Graham ◽

Roy Curtiss

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Transcriptional Regulator ◽

Subtractive Hybridization ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Etiologic Agent ◽

Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽

Broad Host Range ◽

Macrophage Phagocytosis ◽

Cdna Nucleotide Sequence ◽

High Level

ABSTRACT Salmonella typhi, the etiologic agent of typhoid fever, is adapted to the human host and unable to infect nonprimate species. The genetic basis for host specificity in S. typhi is unknown. The avirulence of S. typhi in animal hosts may result from a lack of genes present in the broad-host-range pathogenSalmonella typhimurium. Genomic subtractive hybridization was successfully employed to isolate S. typhimurium genomic sequences which are absent from the S. typhi genome. These genomic subtracted sequences mapped to 17 regions distributed throughout the S. typhimurium chromosome. A positive cDNA selection method was then used to identify subtracted sequences which were transcribed by S. typhimurium following macrophage phagocytosis. A novel putative transcriptional regulator of the LysR family was identified as transcribed by intramacrophage S. typhimurium. This putative transcriptional regulator was absent from the genomes of the human-adapted serovars S. typhi andSalmonella paratyphi A. Mutations within this gene did not alter the level of S. typhimurium survival within macrophages or virulence within mice. A subtracted genomic fragment derived from the ferrichrome operon also hybridized to the intramacrophage cDNA. Nucleotide sequence analysis of S. typhimurium and S. typhi chromosomal sequences flanking the ferrichrome operon identified a novel S. typhimurium fimbrial operon with a high level of similarity to sequences encoding Proteus mirabilis mannose-resistant fimbriae. The novel fimbrial operon was absent from the S. typhi genome. The absence of specific genes may have allowedS. typhi to evolve as a highly invasive, systemic human pathogen.

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Detection of Virulence Plasmid–Encoded Genes in Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Kentucky Isolates Recovered from Commercially Processed Chicken Carcasses

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-552 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 82 (8) ◽

pp. 1364-1368 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

RIZWANA TASMIN ◽

PAUL A. GULIG ◽

SALINA PARVEEN

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽

The United States ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Virulence Plasmid ◽

Chicken Carcass ◽

Serovar Typhimurium ◽

Salmonella Virulence

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is one of the leading causes of nontyphoidal gastroenteritis of humans in the United States. Commercially processed poultry carcasses are frequently contaminated with Salmonella serovar Kentucky in the United States. The aim of the study was to detect the Salmonella virulence plasmid containing the spv genes from Salmonella isolates recovered from commercially processed chicken carcasses. A total of 144 Salmonella isolates (Salmonella Typhimurium, n = 72 and Salmonella Kentucky, n = 72) were used for isolation of plasmids and detection of corresponding virulence genes (spvA, spvB, and spvC). Only four (5.5%) Salmonella Typhimurium isolates tested positive for all three virulence genes and hence were classified as possessing the virulence plasmid. All isolates of Salmonella Kentucky were negative for the virulence plasmid and genes. These results indicate that the virulence plasmid, which is very common among clinical isolates of Typhimurium and other Salmonella serovars (e.g., Enteritidis, Dublin, Choleraesuis, Gallinarum, Pullorum, and Abortusovis), may not be present in a significant portion of commercially processed chicken carcass isolates.

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The Virulence Plasmid of Salmonella typhimurium Contains an Autoregulated Gene, rlgA, That Codes for a Resolvase-like DNA Binding Protein

Plasmid ◽

10.1006/plas.2000.1463 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 24-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ruth C. Massey ◽

Frances Bowe ◽

Brian J. Sheehan ◽

Gordon Dougan ◽

Charles J. Dorman

Keyword(s):

Dna Binding ◽

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Dna Binding Protein ◽

Virulence Plasmid

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The behavior of Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Agona and Salmonella Montevideo in raw carrot and in fresh unpasteurized carrot juice

African Journal of Microbiology Research ◽

10.5897/ajmr2013.5733 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (20) ◽

pp. 2365-2371

Author(s):

A Palma Quiroz Israel ◽

A Goacute mez Aldapa Carlos ◽

del Refugio Torres Vitela M ◽

Rangel Vargas Esmeralda ◽

M Santos Loacute pez Eva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Carrot Juice

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Multiplex PCR for the concurrent detection and differentiation of Salmonella spp., Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Typhimurium

Tropical Medicine and Health ◽

10.2149/tmh.2010-20 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 9-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Chai Fung Pui ◽

Woan Chwen Wong ◽

Lay Ching Chai ◽

Hai Yen Lee ◽

Ahmad Noorlis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Multiplex Pcr ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Salmonella Spp

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Identification and genetic analysis of mkaA—a gene of the Salmonella typhimurium virulence plasmid necessary for intracellular growth

Microbial Pathogenesis ◽

10.1016/0882-4010(89)90052-1 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 165-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Suvi Taira ◽

Mikael Rhen

Keyword(s):

Genetic Analysis ◽

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Virulence Plasmid ◽

Intracellular Growth

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A study of the genotoxic potential of flavonoids using short-term bacterial assays.

Acta Biochimica Polonica ◽

10.18388/abp.1993_4797 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 549-554 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

H Czeczot ◽

J Kusztelak

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Mutagenic Effect ◽

Short Term ◽

Sos System ◽

Genotoxic Potential ◽

Sos Chromotest ◽

Activation System ◽

K 12 ◽

Alkylate Dna

Genotoxic activities of flavonoids (quercetin, rhamnetin, isorhamnetin, apigenin, luteolin) were investigated using two short-term bacterial assays. In the "repair test" in Salmonella typhimurium (strains TA1538 uvrB- and TA1978 uvrB+) the flavonoids studied did not introduce any damage into the DNA recognized by UvrABC nuclease (correndonuclease II). The results of the SOS-Chromotest in Escherichia coli K-12 strains PQ37 (tag+, alk+) and PQ243 (tagA, alkA) indicated that flavonoids only weakly induced the SOS system. The addition of a liver activation system (S9 mix) did not increase the mutagenic effect of the flavonoids tested. Two compounds: rhamnetin, isorhamnetin and their putative metabolites formed in the presence of the S9 mix did not alkylate DNA at N-3 of adenine.

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The effects of Salmonella typhimurium on derepressed mutants of F-like factors

Genetics Research ◽

10.1017/s0016672300012052 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 89-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

N. D. F. Grindley ◽

E. S. Anderson ◽

H. R. Smith ◽

June N. Grindley

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Kanamycin Resistance ◽

Resistance Determinant ◽

Transfer Factors ◽

K 12

SUMMARYDerepressed mutants of F-like transfer factors, isolated by mutagenesis, were characterized as repressor-minus (i−) or operator-constitutive (oc). Mutants of the i− class are derepressed in K12 but repressed in Salmonella typhimurium. They are derepressed in S. typhimurium by a kanamycin resistance determinant carrying a locus der, described previously. Most oc mutants of F-like factors are derepressed in both K 12 and S. typhimurium. However, one mutant of F-lac was oc in K12 but was repressed in S. typhimurium. It was derepressed by der. Repression by S. typhimurium is different from that by fi+ factors, since der reverses the former but does not affect the latter. Possible interpretations of these findings are discussed.

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