scholarly journals Vesicular Stomatitis Virus as a Vector To Deliver Virus-Like Particles of Human Norovirus: a New Vaccine Candidate against an Important Noncultivable Virus

2011 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 2942-2952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ma ◽  
J. Li
Keyword(s):  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Human Norovirus ◽  
Virus Like Particles ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis

scholarly journals Inactivation of a Human Norovirus Surrogate, Human Norovirus Virus-Like Particles, and Vesicular Stomatitis Virus by Gamma Irradiation

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 3507-3517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurtis Feng ◽  
Erin Divers ◽  
Yuanmei Ma ◽  
Jianrong Li
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Murine Norovirus ◽  
Human Norovirus ◽  
Virus Like Particles ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis

ABSTRACTGamma irradiation is a nonthermal processing technology that has been used for the preservation of a variety of food products. This technology has been shown to effectively inactivate bacterial pathogens. Currently, the FDA has approved doses of up to 4.0 kGy to control food-borne pathogens in fresh iceberg lettuce and spinach. However, whether this dose range effectively inactivates food-borne viruses is less understood. We have performed a systematic study on the inactivation of a human norovirus surrogate (murine norovirus 1 [MNV-1]), human norovirus virus-like particles (VLPs), and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) by gamma irradiation. We demonstrated that MNV-1 and human norovirus VLPs were resistant to gamma irradiation. For MNV-1, only a 1.7- to 2.4-log virus reduction in fresh produce at the dose of 5.6 kGy was observed. However, VSV was more susceptible to gamma irradiation, and a 3.3-log virus reduction at a dose of 5.6 kGy in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM) was achieved. We further demonstrated that gamma irradiation disrupted virion structure and degraded viral proteins and genomic RNA, which resulted in virus inactivation. Using human norovirus VLPs as a model, we provide the first evidence that the capsid of human norovirus has stability similar to that of MNV-1 after exposure to gamma irradiation. Overall, our results suggest that viruses are much more resistant to irradiation than bacterial pathogens. Although gamma irradiation used to eliminate the virus contaminants in fresh produce by the FDA-approved irradiation dose limits seems impractical, this technology may be practical to inactivate viruses for other purposes, such as sterilization of medical equipment.

scholarly journals A methyltransferase-defective VSV-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate provides complete protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mijia Lu ◽  
Yuexiu Zhang ◽  
Piyush Dravid ◽  
Anzhong Li ◽  
Cong Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Viral Mrna ◽  
S Protein ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Syrian Golden Hamsters ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Immunocompromised Mice

The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to dramatic economic and health burdens. Although the worldwide SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaign has begun, exploration of other vaccine candidates is needed due to the uncertainties of the current approved vaccines such as durability of protection, cross-protection against variant strains, and costs of long-term production, and storage. In this study, we developed a methyltransferase-defective recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (mtdVSV)-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate. We generated mtdVSVs expressing SARS-CoV-2 full-length spike (S), S1, or its receptor binding domain (RBD). All these recombinant viruses grew to high titers in mammalian cells despite high attenuation in cell culture. SARS-CoV-2 S protein and its truncations were highly expressed by the mtdVSV vector. These mtdVSV-based vaccine candidates were completely attenuated in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice. Among these constructs, mtdVSV-S induced high levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and Th1-biased T cell immune responses in mice. Syrian golden hamsters immunized with mtdVSV-S triggered SARS-CoV-2 specific NAbs that were higher than convalescent plasma from convalescent COVID-19 patients. In addition, hamsters immunized with mtdVSV-S were completely protected against SARS-CoV-2 replication in lung and nasal turbinate tissues, cytokine storm, and lung pathology. Collectively, our data demonstrate that mtdVSV expressing SARS-CoV-2 S protein is a safe and highly efficacious vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Significance Viral mRNA cap methyltransferase (MTase) is essential for mRNA stability, protein translation, and innate immune evasion. Thus, viral mRNA cap MTase activity is a novel target for development of live attenuated or live vectored vaccine candidates. Here, we developed a panel of MTase-defective recombinant recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (mtdVSV)-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates expressing full-length S, S1, or several versions of the RBD. These mtdVSV-based vaccine candidates grew to high titers in cell culture and were completely attenuated in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice. Among these vaccine candidates, mtdVSV-S induces high levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific neutralizing antibody (Nabs) and Th1-biased immune responses in mice. Syrian golden hamsters immunized with mtdVSV-S triggered SARS-CoV-2 specific NAbs that were higher than convalescent plasma from COVID-19 recovered patients. Furthermore, hamsters immunized with mtdVSV-S were completely protected against SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Thus, mtdVSV is a safe and highly effective vector to deliver SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

scholarly journals Proton Permeability of HIV Virus like Particles and Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

2014 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 62a
Author(s):  
Pei-I Ku ◽  
Jefferey Hodges ◽  
Michael L. Landesman ◽  
Peter Williams ◽  
Xiaolin Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Proton Permeability ◽  
Virus Like Particles ◽  
Hiv Virus ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis

scholarly journals Efficient Production of Human Norovirus-Specific IgY in Egg Yolks by Vaccination of Hens with a Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Expressing VP1 Protein

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhu ◽  
Yuanmei Ma ◽  
Mijia Lu ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Anzhong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Blood Group Antigens ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Human Norovirus ◽  
Vp1 Protein ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis

Human norovirus (HuNoV) is responsible for more than 95% of outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Despite major efforts, there are no vaccines or effective therapeutic interventions against this virus. Chicken immunoglobulin Y (IgY)-based passive immunization has been shown to be an effective strategy to prevent and treat many enteric viral diseases. Here, we developed a highly efficient bioreactor to generate high titers of HuNoV-specific IgY in chicken yolks using a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing HuNoV capsid protein (rVSV-VP1) as an antigen. We first demonstrated that HuNoV VP1 protein was highly expressed in chicken cells infected by rVSV-VP1. Subsequently, we found that White Leghorn hens immunized intramuscularly with rVSV-VP1 triggered a high level of HuNoV-specific yolk IgY antibodies. The purified yolk IgY was efficiently recognized by HuNoV virus-like particles (VLPs). Importantly, HuNoV-specific IgY efficiently blocked the binding of HuNoV VLPs to all three types (A, B, and O) of histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs), the attachment factors for HuNoV. In addition, the receptor blocking activity of IgY remained stable at temperature below 70 °C and at pH ranging from 4 to 9. Thus, immunization of hens with VSV-VP1 could be a cost-effective and practical strategy for large-scale production of anti-HuNoV IgY antibodies for potential use as prophylactic and therapeutic treatment against HuNoV infection.

scholarly journals Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based dengue-2 vaccine candidate induces humoral response and protects mice against lethal infection

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2327-2333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavio Lauretti ◽  
Anasuya Chattopadhyay ◽  
Rafael Freitas de Oliveira França ◽  
Luiza Castro-Jorge ◽  
John Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Lethal Infection ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis

scholarly journals Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants by rVSV-ΔG-spike-elicited human sera

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yfat Yahalom-Ronen ◽  
Noam Erez ◽  
Morly Fisher ◽  
Hadas Tamir ◽  
Boaz Politi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Neutralization Capacity ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Alpha Beta

BriLife® (rVSV- ΔG-spike) is a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate based on vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) platform. We show that sera from BriLife® vaccinees maintain neutralization capacity against alpha, beta, gamma and delta SARS-CoV-2 variants. BriLife® spontaneously-acquired spike mutations, corresponding with key SARS-CoV-2 variants mutations, may contribute to its efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 variants.

scholarly journals A Viable Recombinant Rhabdovirus Lacking Its Glycoprotein Gene and Expressing Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Is a Potent Influenza Vaccine

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 2820-2830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex B. Ryder ◽  
Linda Buonocore ◽  
Leatrice Vogel ◽  
Raffael Nachbagauer ◽  
Florian Krammer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Recombinant Virus ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Glycoprotein Gene ◽  
Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis

ABSTRACTThe emergence of novel influenza viruses that cause devastating human disease is an ongoing threat and serves as an impetus for the continued development of novel approaches to influenza vaccines. Influenza vaccine development has traditionally focused on producing humoral and/or cell-mediated immunity, often against the viral surface glycoproteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Here, we describe a new vaccine candidate that utilizes a replication-defective vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vector backbone that lacks the native G surface glycoprotein gene (VSVΔG). The expression of the H5 HA of an H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV), A/Vietnam/1203/04 (VN1203), and the NA of the mouse-adapted H1N1 influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8) in the VSVΔG vector restored the ability of the recombinant virus to replicate in cell culture, without the requirement for the addition of trypsin. We show here that this recombinant virus vaccine candidate was nonpathogenic in mice when given by either the intramuscular or intranasal route of immunization and that thein vivoreplication of VSVΔG-H5N1 is profoundly attenuated. This recombinant virus also provided protection against lethal H5N1 infection after a single dose. This novel approach to vaccination against HPAIVs may be widely applicable to other emerging strains of influenza virus.IMPORTANCEPreparation for a potentially catastrophic influenza pandemic requires novel influenza vaccines that are safe, can be produced and administered quickly, and are effective, both soon after administration and for a long duration. We have created a new influenza vaccine that utilizes an attenuated vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vector, to deliver and express influenza virus proteins against which vaccinated animals develop potent antibody responses. The influenza virus hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins, expressed on the surface of VSV particles, allowed this vaccine to grow in cell culture and induced a potent antibody response in mice that was effective against infection with a lethal influenza virus. The mice showed no adverse reactions to the vaccine, and they were protected against an otherwise lethal influenza infection after only 14 days postvaccination and after as many as 140 days postvaccination. The ability to rapidly produce this safe and effective vaccine in cell culture is additionally advantageous.

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