scholarly journals Ribosomal frameshifting efficiency and gag/gag-pol ratio are critical for yeast M1 double-stranded RNA virus propagation.

1992 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 3669-3676 ◽  
Author(s):  
J D Dinman ◽  
R B Wickner
Keyword(s):  
Rna Virus ◽  
Virus Propagation ◽  
Ribosomal Frameshifting ◽  
Double Stranded Rna

scholarly journals ‘2A-like’ and ‘shifty heptamer’ motifs in penaeid shrimp infectious myonecrosis virus, a monosegmented double-stranded RNA virus

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 1315-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max L. Nibert
Keyword(s):  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Penaeid Shrimp ◽  
Ribosomal Frameshifting ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Infectious Myonecrosis Virus ◽  
The Family ◽  
Original Report ◽  
Rna Pseudoknot

Penaeid shrimp infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) is a monosegmented double-stranded RNA virus that forms icosahedral virions and is tentatively assigned to the family Totiviridae. New examinations of the IMNV genome sequence revealed features not noted in the original report. These features include (i) two encoded ‘2A-like’ motifs, which are likely involved in open reading frame (ORF) 1 polyprotein ‘cleavage’; (ii) a 199 nt overlap between the end of ORF1 in frame 1 and the start of ORF2 in frame 3; and (iii) a ‘shifty heptamer’ motif and predicted RNA pseudoknot in the region of ORF1–ORF2 overlap, which probably allow ORF2 to be translated as a fusion with ORF1 by −1 ribosomal frameshifting. Features (ii) and (iii) bring the predicted ORF2 coding strategy of IMNV more in line with that of its closest phylogenetic relative, Giardia lamblia virus, as well as with that of several other members of the family Totiviridae including Saccharomyces cerevisiae virus L-A.

scholarly journals N6-methyladenosine RNA modification suppresses antiviral innate sensing pathways via reshaping double-stranded RNA

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weinan Qiu ◽  
Qingyang Zhang ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Yangxu Lu ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Virus ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Rna Modification ◽  
Type I ◽  
Viral Immunity ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Viral Dsrna ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Genetic Ablation ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis

AbstractDouble-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is a virus-encoded signature capable of triggering intracellular Rig-like receptors (RLR) to activate antiviral signaling, but whether intercellular dsRNA structural reshaping mediated by the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification modulates this process remains largely unknown. Here, we show that, in response to infection by the RNA virus Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV), the m6A methyltransferase METTL3 translocates into the cytoplasm to increase m6A modification on virus-derived transcripts and decrease viral dsRNA formation, thereby reducing virus-sensing efficacy by RLRs such as RIG-I and MDA5 and dampening antiviral immune signaling. Meanwhile, the genetic ablation of METTL3 in monocyte or hepatocyte causes enhanced type I IFN expression and accelerates VSV clearance. Our findings thus implicate METTL3-mediated m6A RNA modification on viral RNAs as a negative regulator for innate sensing pathways of dsRNA, and also hint METTL3 as a potential therapeutic target for the modulation of anti-viral immunity.

scholarly journals Cardiomyopathy Syndrome of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Is Caused by a Double-Stranded RNA Virus of the Totiviridae Family

2011 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
pp. 5275-5286 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Haugland ◽  
A. B. Mikalsen ◽  
P. Nilsen ◽  
K. Lindmo ◽  
B. J. Thu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

The coat protein of the yeast double-stranded RNA virus L-A attaches covalently to the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNA

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3390-3398
Author(s):  
A Blanc ◽  
C Goyer ◽  
N Sonenberg
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Coat Protein ◽  
Translation Initiation ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Covalent Bond ◽  
Cellular Proteins ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Virus Coat ◽  
Drosophila Cells

The eukaryotic mRNA 5' cap structure m7GpppX (where X is any nucleotide) interacts with a number of cellular proteins. Several of these proteins were studied in mammalian, yeast, and drosophila cells and found to be involved in translation initiation. Here we describe a novel cap-binding protein, the coat protein of L-A, a double-stranded RNA virus that is persistently maintained in many Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. The results also suggest that the coat protein of a related double-stranded RNA virus (L-BC) is likewise a cap-binding protein. Strikingly, in contrast to the cellular cap-binding proteins, the interaction between the L-A virus coat protein and the cap structure is through a covalent bond.

First Evidence of a Trisegmented Double-Stranded RNA Virus in Canine Faeces

2001 ◽  
Vol 161 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M VOLOTÄO ◽  
C.C SOARES ◽  
M.C.M ALBUQUERQUE ◽  
F.M.D.A SILVA ◽  
T.R.B CARVALHO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Virus ◽  
Double Stranded Rna

scholarly journals Evidence of Intragenic Recombination in African Horse Sickness Virus

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry G. Ngoveni ◽  
Antoinette van Schalkwyk ◽  
J.J. Otto Koekemoer
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Intragenic Recombination ◽  
African Horse Sickness ◽  
African Horse Sickness Virus ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Attenuated Viruses

Intragenic recombination has been described in various RNA viruses as a mechanism to increase genetic diversity, resulting in increased virulence, expanded host range, or adaptability to a changing environment. Orbiviruses are no exception to this, with intragenic recombination previously detected in the type species, bluetongue virus (BTV). African horse sickness virus (AHSV) is a double-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Oribivirus genus in the family Reoviridae. Genetic recombination through reassortment has been described in AHSV, but not through homologous intragenic recombination. The influence of the latter on the evolution of AHSV was investigated by analyzing the complete genomes of more than 100 viruses to identify evidence of recombination. Segment-1, segment-6, segment-7, and segment-10 showed evidence of intragenic recombination, yet only one (Segment-10) of these events was manifested in subsequent lineages. The other three hybrid segments were as a result of recombination between field isolates and the vaccine derived live attenuated viruses (ALVs).

scholarly journals The Mof2/Sui1 Protein Is a General Monitor of Translational Accuracy

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1506-1516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Cui ◽  
Jonathan D. Dinman ◽  
Terri Goss Kinzy ◽  
Stuart W. Peltz
Keyword(s):  
Site Selection ◽  
Start Site ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Virus Propagation ◽  
Ribosomal Frameshifting ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Translational Accuracy ◽  
Its Gene ◽  
Killer Virus

ABSTRACT Although it is essential for protein synthesis to be highly accurate, a number of cases of directed ribosomal frameshifting have been reported in RNA viruses, as well as in procaryotic and eucaryotic genes. Changes in the efficiency of ribosomal frameshifting can have major effects on the ability of cells to propagate viruses which use this mechanism. Furthermore, studies of this process can illuminate the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of the normal translation reading frame. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae killer virus system uses programmed −1 ribosomal frameshifting to synthesize its gene products. Strains harboring the mof2-1 allele demonstrated a fivefold increase in frameshifting and prevented killer virus propagation. In this report, we present the results of the cloning and characterization of the wild-type MOF2 gene.mof2-1 is a novel allele of SUI1, a gene previously shown to play a role in translation initiation start site selection. Strains harboring the mof2-1 allele demonstrated a mutant start site selection phenotype and increased efficiency of programmed −1 ribosomal frameshifting and conferred paromomycin sensitivity. The increased frameshifting observed in vivo was reproduced in extracts prepared from mof2-1 cells. Addition of purified wild-type Mof2p/Sui1p reduced frameshifting efficiencies to wild-type levels. Expression of the human SUI1 homolog in yeast corrects all of the mof2-1 phenotypes, demonstrating that the function of this protein is conserved throughout evolution. Taken together, these results suggest that Mof2p/Sui1p functions as a general modulator of accuracy at both the initiation and elongation phases of translation.

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