scholarly journals Atomic Force Microscopy Investigation of Isolated Virions of Murine Leukemia Virus

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 1970-1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. G. Kuznetsov ◽  
A. Low ◽  
H. Fan ◽  
A. McPherson
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Microscopy Investigation ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Mouse Leukemia Virus ◽  
Distribution Mode

ABSTRACT Virions of mouse leukemia virus spread on glass substrates were visualized by atomic force microscopy. The size distribution mode was 145 nm, significantly larger than that for human immunodeficiency virus particles. The distribution of particle sizes is broad, indicating that no two particles are likely identical in content or surface features. Virions possess knoblike protrusions, which may represent vestiges of budding from cell membranes. Particles which split open allowed imaging of intact cores with diameters of 65 nm. They also permitted estimation of viral shell thickness (35 to 40 nm) and showed the presence of a distinct trough between the shell and the core surface.

scholarly journals Atomic Force Microscopy Investigation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and HIV-Infected Lymphocytes

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (22) ◽  
pp. 11896-11909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. G. Kuznetsov ◽  
J. G. Victoria ◽  
W. E. Robinson ◽  
A. McPherson
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

ABSTRACT Isolated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HIV-infected human lymphocytes in culture have been imaged for the first time by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Purified virus particles spread on glass substrates are roughly spherical, reasonably uniform, though pleomorphic in appearance, and have diameters of about 120 nm. Similar particles are also seen on infected cell surfaces, but morphologies and sizes are considerably more varied, possibly a reflection of the budding process. The surfaces of HIV particles exhibit “tufts” of protein, presumably gp120, which do not physically resemble spikes. The protein tufts, which number about 100 per particle, have average diameters of about 200 Å, but with a large variance. They likely consist of arbitrary associations of small numbers of gp120 monomers on the surface. In examining several hundred virus particles, we found no evidence that the gp120 monomers form threefold symmetric trimers. Although >95% of HIV-infected H9 lymphocytic cells were producing HIV antigens by immunofluorescent assay, most lymphocytes displayed few or no virus on their surfaces, while others were almost covered by a hundred or more viruses, suggesting a dependence on cell cycle or physiology. HIV-infected cells treated with a viral protease inhibitor and their progeny viruses were also imaged by AFM and were indistinguishable from untreated virions. Isolated HIV virions were disrupted by exposure to mild neutral detergents (Tween 20 and CHAPS) at concentrations from 0.25 to 2.0%. Among the products observed were intact virions, the remnants of completely degraded virions, and partially disrupted particles that lacked sectors of surface proteins as well as virions that were split or broken open to reveal their empty interiors. Capsids containing nucleic acid were not seen, suggesting that the capsids were even more fragile than the envelope and were totally degraded and lost. From these images, a good estimate of the thickness of the envelope protein-membrane-matrix protein outer shell of the virion was obtained. Treatment with even low concentrations (<0.1%) of sodium dodecyl sulfate completely destroyed all virions but produced many interesting products, including aggregates of viral proteins with strands of nucleic acid.

scholarly journals Atomic Force Microscopy Investigation of Fibroblasts Infected withWild-Type and Mutant Murine Leukemia Virus (MuLV)

2002 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 3665-3674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurii G. Kuznetsov ◽  
Shoibal Datta ◽  
Natantara H. Kothari ◽  
Aaron Greenwood ◽  
Hung Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Murine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy Investigation ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Microscopy Investigation ◽  
Murine Leukemia

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy Investigation of Organic Tetracyanoquinodimethane Thin Films

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1942-1945 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Gao ◽  
H. X. Zhang ◽  
Z. Q. Xue ◽  
S. J. Pang
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Pyrolytic Graphite ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Microscopy Investigation

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) investigation of tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and the related C60-TCNQ thin films is presented. Periodic molecular chains of the TCNQ on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrates were imaged, which demonstrated that the crystalline (001) plane was parallel to the substrate. For the C60-TCNQ thin films, we found that there were grains on the film surface. STM images within the grain revealed that the well-ordered rows and terraces, and the parallel rows in different grains were generally not in the same orientation. Moreover, the grain boundary was also observed. In addition, AFM was employed to modify the organic TCNQ film surface for the application of this type of materials to information recording and storage at the nanometer scale. The nanometer holes were successfully created on the TCNQ thin film by the AFM.

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