scholarly journals α11β1 Integrin-Dependent Regulation of Periodontal Ligament Function in the Erupting Mouse Incisor

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 4306-4316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana N. Popova ◽  
Malgorzata Barczyk ◽  
Carl-Fredrik Tiger ◽  
Wouter Beertsen ◽  
Paola Zigrino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Tooth Eruption ◽  
Collagen I ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts ◽  
Primary Defect ◽  
Embryonic Fibroblasts ◽  
Mouse Incisor

ABSTRACT The fibroblast integrin α11β1 is a key receptor for fibrillar collagens. To study the potential function of α11 in vivo, we generated a null allele of the α11 gene. Integrin α11−/− mice are viable and fertile but display dwarfism with increased mortality, most probably due to severely defective incisors. Mutant incisors are characterized by disorganized periodontal ligaments, whereas molar ligaments appear normal. The primary defect in the incisor ligament leads to halted tooth eruption. α11β1-defective embryonic fibroblasts displayed severe defects in vitro, characterized by (i) greatly reduced cell adhesion and spreading on collagen I, (ii) reduced ability to retract collagen lattices, and (iii) reduced cell proliferation. Analysis of matrix metalloproteinase in vitro and in vivo revealed disturbed MMP13 and MMP14 synthesis in α11−/− cells. We show that α11β1 is the major receptor for collagen I on mouse embryonic fibroblasts and suggest that α11β1 integrin is specifically required on periodontal ligament fibroblasts for cell migration and collagen reorganization to help generate the forces needed for axial tooth movement. Our data show a unique role for α11β1 integrin during tooth eruption.

scholarly journals Effect of Static Compressive Force on Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity in Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 417-423
Author(s):  
Fabio Schemann-Miguel ◽  
Antonio Carlos Aloise ◽  
Silvana Gaiba ◽  
Lydia Masako Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aldh Activity ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts ◽  
Normal Tissues

Background: The application of static compressive forces to periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) in vivo or in vitro has been linked to the expression of biochemical agents and local tissue modifications that could be involved in maintaining homeostasis during orthodontic movement. An approach used for identifying mesenchymal cells, or a subpopulation of progenitor cells in both tumoral and normal tissues, involves determining the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). However, the role of subpopulations of PDLF-derived undifferentiated cells in maintaining homeostasis during tooth movement remains unclear. Objective: This study aimed at analyzing the effect of applying a static compressive force to PDLFs on the activity of ALDH in these cells. Methods: PDLFs were distributed into two groups: control group (CG), where fibroblasts were not submitted to compression, and experimental group (EG), where fibroblasts were submitted to a static compressive force of 4 g/mm2 for 6 hours. The compressive force was applied directly to the cells using a custom-built device. ALDH activity in the PDLFs was evaluated by a flow cytometry assay. Results: ALDH activity was observed in both groups, but was significantly lower in EG than in CG after the application of a static compressive force in the former. Conclusion: Application of a static compressive force to PDLFs decreased ALDH activity.

scholarly journals In Vitro Compression Model for Orthodontic Tooth Movement Modulates Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast Proliferation, Apoptosis and Cell Cycle

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 932
Author(s):  
Julia Brockhaus ◽  
Rogerio B. Craveiro ◽  
Irma Azraq ◽  
Christian Niederau ◽  
Sarah K. Schröder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts ◽  
Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts

Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts (hPDLF), as part of the periodontal apparatus, modulate inflammation, regeneration and bone remodeling. Interferences are clinically manifested as attachment loss, tooth loosening and root resorption. During orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), remodeling and adaptation of the periodontium is required in order to enable tooth movement. hPDLF involvement in the early phase-OTM compression side was investigated for a 72-h period through a well-studied in vitro model. Changes in the morphology, cell proliferation and cell death were analyzed. Specific markers of the cell cycle were investigated by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The study showed that the morphology of hPDLF changes towards more unstructured, unsorted filaments under mechanical compression. The total cell numbers were significantly reduced with a higher cell death rate over the whole observation period. hPDLF started to recover to pretreatment conditions after 48 h. Furthermore, key molecules involved in the cell cycle were significantly reduced under compressive force at the gene expression and protein levels. These findings revealed important information for a better understanding of the preservation and remodeling processes within the periodontium through Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts during orthodontic tooth movement. OTM initially decelerates the hPDLF cell cycle and proliferation. After adapting to environmental changes, human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts can regain homeostasis of the periodontium, affecting its reorganization.

Expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 Genes in the Periodontal Ligament during Tooth Movement in Rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 646-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Takahashi ◽  
M. Nishimura ◽  
K. Onodera ◽  
J.-W. Bae ◽  
H. Mitani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Tension And Compression ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Periodontal ligament tissue is remodeled on both the tension and compression sides of moving teeth during orthodontic tooth movement. The present study was designed to clarify the hypothesis that the expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 mRNA is promoted during the remodeling of periodontal ligament tissue in orthodontic tooth movement. We used the in situ hybridization method and semi-quantitative reverse-transcription/polymerase chain-reaction analysis to elucidate the gene expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 mRNA. Expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 mRNA transiently increased on both the compression and tension sides during active tooth movement in vivo. The gene expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 was induced by tension, while compression indirectly promoted the gene expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 through soluble factors in vitro. Thus, we concluded that the expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 is differentially regulated by tension and compression, and plays an important role in the remodeling of the periodontal ligament.

Expression of UNCL during development of periodontal tissue and response of periodontal ligament fibroblasts to mechanical stress in vivo and in vitro

2006 ◽  
Vol 327 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heung-Joong Kim ◽  
Yong Seok Choi ◽  
Moon-Jin Jeong ◽  
Byung-Ock Kim ◽  
Sung-Hoon Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Periodontal Tissue ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts

Gene Profiling in Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts by Subtractive Hybridization

2003 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 641-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yamamoto ◽  
F. Myokai ◽  
F. Nishimura ◽  
T. Ohira ◽  
N. Shiomi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Subtractive Hybridization ◽  
Gene Profiling ◽  
Human Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts ◽  
Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts

Genes expressed by human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPFs) are likely to be associated with specific functions of the ligament. The aim of this study is to profile genes expressed highly by HPFs. A library (6 × 103 pfu) was constructed, followed by subtraction of HPF cDNAs with human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cDNAs. Reverse-dot hybridization revealed that 33 clones expressed higher levels of specific mRNAs in HPFs than in HGFs. These were mRNAs for known genes, including several associated with maturation and differentiation of cells. None had been reported in PFs. One clone, PDL-29, identified as a COX assembly factor, showed much stronger mRNA expression in HPFs than in HGFs in culture. In rat periodontium, however, PDL-29 mRNA expression was similar in PFs and GFs. These results suggest that HPFs express many previously unreported genes associated with maturation and differentiation, but expression can differ in vitro and in vivo.

scholarly journals Distinguish fatty acids impact survival, differentiation and cellular function of periodontal ligament fibroblasts

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Symmank ◽  
Martin Chorus ◽  
Sophie Appel ◽  
Jana Marciniak ◽  
Isabel Knaup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Osteoblastic Differentiation ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts

Abstract Alveolar bone (AB) remodeling is necessary for the adaption to mechanical stimuli occurring during mastication and orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Thereby, bone degradation and assembly are strongly regulated processes that can be altered in obese patients. Further, increased fatty acids (FA) serum levels affect bone remodeling cells and we, therefore, investigated whether they also influence the function of periodontal ligament fibroblast (PdLF). PdLF are a major cell type regulating the differentiation and function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts localized in the AB. We stimulated human PdLF (HPdLF) in vitro with palmitic (PA) or oleic acid (OA) and analyzed their metabolic activity, growth, survival and expression of osteogenic markers and calcium deposits. Our results emphasize that PA increased cell death of HPdLF, whereas OA induced their osteoblastic differentiation. Moreover, quantitative expression analysis of OPG and RANKL revealed altered levels in mechanically stimulated PA-treated HPdLF. Furthermore, osteoclasts stimulated with culture medium of mechanical stressed FA-treated HPdLF revealed significant changes in cell differentiation upon FA-treatment. For the first time, our results highlight a potential role of specific FA in the function of HPdLF-modulated AB remodeling and help to elucidate the complex interplay of bone metabolism, mechanical stimulation and obesity-induced alterations.

scholarly journals The role of mechanotransduction versus hypoxia during simulated orthodontic compressive strain—an in vitro study of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Ullrich ◽  
Agnes Schröder ◽  
Jonathan Jantsch ◽  
Gerrit Spanier ◽  
Peter Proff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Compressive Strain ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions

Abstract During orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) mechanical forces trigger pseudo-inflammatory, osteoclastogenic and remodelling processes in the periodontal ligament (PDL) that are mediated by PDL fibroblasts via the expression of various signalling molecules. Thus far, it is unknown whether these processes are mainly induced by mechanical cellular deformation (mechanotransduction) or by concomitant hypoxic conditions via the compression of periodontal blood vessels. Human primary PDL fibroblasts were randomly seeded in conventional six-well cell culture plates with O2-impermeable polystyrene membranes and in special plates with gas-permeable membranes (Lumox®, Sarstedt), enabling the experimental separation of mechanotransducive and hypoxic effects that occur concomitantly during OTM. To simulate physiological orthodontic compressive forces, PDL fibroblasts were stimulated mechanically at 2 g·cm−2 for 48 h after 24 h of pre-incubation. We quantified the cell viability by MTT assay, gene expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and protein expression by western blot/enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). In addition, PDL-fibroblast-mediated osteoclastogenesis (TRAP+ cells) was measured in a 72-h coculture with RAW264.7 cells. The expression of HIF-1α, COX-2, PGE2, VEGF, COL1A2, collagen and ALPL, and the RANKL/OPG ratios at the mRNA/protein levels during PDL-fibroblast-mediated osteoclastogenesis were significantly elevated by mechanical loading irrespective of the oxygen supply, whereas hypoxic conditions had no significant additional effects. The cellular–molecular mediation of OTM by PDL fibroblasts via the expression of various signalling molecules is expected to be predominantly controlled by the application of force (mechanotransduction), whereas hypoxic effects seem to play only a minor role. In the context of OTM, the hypoxic marker HIF-1α does not appear to be primarily stabilized by a reduced O2 supply but is rather stabilised mechanically.

scholarly journals MMPs and TIMPs Expression Levels in the Periodontal Ligament during Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Systematic Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6967
Author(s):  
Christian Behm ◽  
Michael Nemec ◽  
Fabian Weissinger ◽  
Marco Aoqi Rausch ◽  
Oleh Andrukhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bias Assessment ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Orthodontic Forces

Background: During orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), applied orthodontic forces cause an extensive remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the periodontal ligament (PDL). This is mainly orchestrated by different types of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), which are both secreted by periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts. Multiple in vitro and in vivo studies already investigated the influence of applied orthodontic forces on the expression of MMPs and TIMPs. The aim of this systematic review was to explore the expression levels of MMPs and TIMPs during OTM and the influence of specific orthodontic force-related parameters. Methods: Electronic article search was performed on PubMed and Web of Science until 31 January 2021. Screenings of titles, abstracts and full texts were performed according to PRISMA, whereas eligibility criteria were defined for in vitro and in vivo studies, respectively, according to the PICO schema. Risk of bias assessment for in vitro studies was verified by specific methodological and reporting criteria. For in vivo studies, risk of bias assessment was adapted from the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for analytical cross-sectional study. Results: Electronic article search identified 3266 records, from which 28 in vitro and 12 in vivo studies were included. The studies showed that orthodontic forces mainly caused increased MMPs and TIMPs expression levels, whereas the exact effect may depend on various intervention and sample parameters and subject characteristics. Conclusion: This systematic review revealed that orthodontic forces induce a significant effect on MMPs and TIMPs in the PDL. This connection may contribute to the controlled depletion and formation of the PDLs’ ECM at the compression and tension site, respectively, and finally to the highly regulated OTM.

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