scholarly journals A conserved sequence in histone H2A which is a ubiquitination site in higher eucaryotes is not required for growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 4905-4911 ◽  
Author(s):  
P S Swerdlow ◽  
T Schuster ◽  
D Finley
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Histone H2a ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Yeast Growth ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Conserved Sequence ◽  
Ubiquitination Site ◽  
Lysine Residues

Histones H2A and H2B are modified by ubiquitination of specific lysine residues in higher and lower eucaryotes. To identify functions of ubiquitinated histone H2A, we studied an organism in which genetic analysis of histones is feasible, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Surprisingly, immunoblotting experiments using both anti-ubiquitin and anti-H2A antibodies gave no evidence that S. cerevisiae contains ubiquitinated histone H2A. The immunoblot detected a variety of other ubiquitinated species. A sequence of five residues in S. cerevisiae histone H2A that is identical to the site of H2A ubiquitination in higher eucaryotes was mutated to substitute arginines for lysines. Any ubiquitination at this site would be prevented by these mutations. Yeast organisms carrying this mutation were indistinguishable from the wild type under a variety of conditions. Thus, despite the existence in S. cerevisiae of several gene products, such as RAD6 and CDC34, which are capable of ubiquitinating histone H2A in vitro, ubiquitinated histone H2A is either scarce in or absent from S. cerevisiae. Furthermore, the histone H2A sequence which serves as a ubiquitination site in higher eucaryotes is not essential for yeast growth, sporulation, or resistance to either heat stress or UV radiation.

A conserved sequence in histone H2A which is a ubiquitination site in higher eucaryotes is not required for growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 4905-4911
Author(s):  
P S Swerdlow ◽  
T Schuster ◽  
D Finley
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Histone H2a ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Yeast Growth ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Conserved Sequence ◽  
Ubiquitination Site ◽  
Lysine Residues

Histones H2A and H2B are modified by ubiquitination of specific lysine residues in higher and lower eucaryotes. To identify functions of ubiquitinated histone H2A, we studied an organism in which genetic analysis of histones is feasible, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Surprisingly, immunoblotting experiments using both anti-ubiquitin and anti-H2A antibodies gave no evidence that S. cerevisiae contains ubiquitinated histone H2A. The immunoblot detected a variety of other ubiquitinated species. A sequence of five residues in S. cerevisiae histone H2A that is identical to the site of H2A ubiquitination in higher eucaryotes was mutated to substitute arginines for lysines. Any ubiquitination at this site would be prevented by these mutations. Yeast organisms carrying this mutation were indistinguishable from the wild type under a variety of conditions. Thus, despite the existence in S. cerevisiae of several gene products, such as RAD6 and CDC34, which are capable of ubiquitinating histone H2A in vitro, ubiquitinated histone H2A is either scarce in or absent from S. cerevisiae. Furthermore, the histone H2A sequence which serves as a ubiquitination site in higher eucaryotes is not essential for yeast growth, sporulation, or resistance to either heat stress or UV radiation.

scholarly journals The immunosuppressant SR 31747 blocks cell proliferation by inhibiting a steroid isomerase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 2719-2727 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Silve ◽  
P Leplatois ◽  
A Josse ◽  
P H Dupuy ◽  
C Lanau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Gene Product ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Isomerase Activity ◽  
Encoding Gene ◽  
Resistant Mutants

SR 31747 is a novel immunosuppressant agent that arrests cell proliferation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, SR 31747-treated cells accumulate the same aberrant sterols as those found in a mutant impaired in delta 8- delta 7-sterol isomerase. Sterol isomerase activity is also inhibited by SR 31747 in in vitro assays. Overexpression of the sterol isomerase-encoding gene, ERG2, confers enhanced SR resistance. Cells growing anaerobically on ergosterol-containing medium are not sensitive to SR. Disruption of the sterol isomerase-encoding gene is lethal in cells growing in the absence of exogenous ergosterol, except in SR-resistant mutants lacking either the SUR4 or the FEN1 gene product. The results suggest that sterol isomerase is the target of SR 31747 and that both the SUR4 and FEN1 gene products are required to mediate the proliferation arrest induced by ergosterol depletion.

scholarly journals Topoisomerase I involvement in illegitimate recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1805-1812 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Zhu ◽  
R H Schiestl
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Topoisomerase I ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Illegitimate Recombination ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Chromosome aberrations may cause cancer and many heritable diseases. Topoisomerase I has been suspected of causing chromosome aberrations by mediating illegitimate recombination. The effects of deletion and of overexpression of the topoisomerase I gene on illegitimate recombination in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been studied. Yeast transformations were carried out with DNA fragments that did not have any homology to the genomic DNA. The frequency of illegitimate integration was 6- to 12-fold increased in a strain overexpressing topoisomerase I compared with that in isogenic control strains. Hot spot sequences [(G/C)(A/T)T] for illegitimate integration target sites accounted for the majority of the additional events after overexpression of topoisomerase I. These hot spot sequences correspond to sequences previously identified in vitro as topoisomerase I preferred cleavage sequences in other organisms. Furthermore, such hot spot sequences were found in 44% of the integration events present in the TOP1 wild-type strain and at a significantly lower frequency in the top1delta strain. Our results provide in vivo evidence that a general eukaryotic topoisomerase I enzyme nicks DNA and ligates nonhomologous ends, leading to illegitimate recombination.

scholarly journals A new class of histone H2A mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae causes specific transcriptional defects in vivo.

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1999-2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
J N Hirschhorn ◽  
A L Bortvin ◽  
S L Ricupero-Hovasse ◽  
F Winston
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Activation Function ◽  
Histone H2a ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
New Class ◽  
Suc2 Promoter ◽  
Encoding Gene ◽  
Transcription Activation Function

Nucleosomes have been shown to repress transcription both in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanisms by which this repression is overcome are only beginning to be understood. Recent evidence suggests that in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, many transcriptional activators require the SNF/SWI complex to overcome chromatin-mediated repression. We have identified a new class of mutations in the histone H2A-encoding gene HTA1 that causes transcriptional defects at the SNF/SWI-dependent gene SUC2. Some of the mutations are semidominant, and most of the predicted amino acid changes are in or near the N- and C-terminal regions of histone H2A. A deletion that removes the N-terminal tail of histone H2A also caused a decrease in SUC2 transcription. Strains carrying these histone mutations also exhibited defects in activation by LexA-GAL4, a SNF/SWI-dependent activator. However, these H2A mutants are phenotypically distinct from snf/swi mutants. First, not all SNF/SWI-dependent genes showed transcriptional defects in these histone mutants. Second, a suppressor of snf/swi mutations, spt6, did not suppress these histone mutations. Finally, unlike in snf/swi mutants, chromatin structure at the SUC2 promoter in these H2A mutants was in an active conformation. Thus, these H2A mutations seem to interfere with a transcription activation function downstream or independent of the SNF/SWI activity. Therefore, they may identify an additional step that is required to overcome repression by chromatin.

scholarly journals Depletion of H2A-H2B Dimers in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Triggers Meiotic Arrest by Reducing IME1 Expression and Activating the BUB2-Dependen Branch of the Spindle Checkpoint

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 164 (4) ◽  
pp. 1333-1344
Author(s):  
Sean E Hanlon ◽  
David N Norris ◽  
Andrew K Vershon
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Spindle Checkpoint ◽  
The Other ◽  
Histone H2a ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Meiotic Arrest ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Chromosomal Alterations ◽  
Checkpoint Pathway ◽  
Failure To Progress

Abstract In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, diploid strains carrying homozygous hta1-htb1Δ mutations express histone H2A-H2B dimers at a lower level than do wild-type cells. Although this mutation has only minor effects on mitotic growth, it causes an arrest in sporulation prior to the first meiotic division. In this report, we show that the hta1-htb1Δ mutant exhibits reduced expression of early and middle-sporulation-specific genes and that the meiotic arrest of the hta1-htb1Δ mutant can be partially bypassed by overexpression of IME1. Additionally, deletions of BUB2 or BFA1, components of one branch of the spindle checkpoint pathway, bypass the meiotic arrest. Mutations in the other branch of the pathway or in the pachytene checkpoint are unable to suppress the meiotic block. These observations indicate that depletion of the H2A-H2B dimer blocks sporulation by at least two mechanisms: disruption of the expression of meiotic regulatory genes and activation of the spindle checkpoint. Our results show that the failure to progress through the meiotic pathway is not the result of global chromosomal alterations but that specific aspects of meiosis are sensitive to depletion of the H2A-H2B dimer.

Mating-defective ste mutations are suppressed by cell division cycle start mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1982 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 1052-1063
Author(s):  
J R Shuster
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Temperature Characteristic ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Restrictive Temperature ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mating Pheromone ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Mating Pheromones

Temperature-sensitive mutants which arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle have been described for the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. One class of these mutants (carrying cdc28, cdc36, cdc37, or cdc39) forms a shmoo morphology at restrictive temperature, characteristic of mating pheromone-arrested wild-type cells. Therefore, one hypothesis to explain the control of cell division by mating factors states that mating pheromones arrest wild-type cells by inactivating one or more of these CDC gene products. A class of mutants (carrying ste4, ste5, ste7, ste11, or ste12) which is insensitive to mating pheromone and sterile has also been described. One possible function of the STE gene products is the inactivation of the CDC gene products in the presence of a mating pheromone. A model incorporating these two hypotheses predicts that such STE gene products will not be required for mating in strains carrying an appropriate cdc lesion. This prediction was tested by assaying the mating abilities of double mutants for all of the pairwise combinations of cdc and ste mutations. Lesions in either cdc36 or cdc39 suppressed the mating defect due to ste4 and ste5. Allele specificity was observed in the suppression of both ste4 and ste5. The results indicate that the CDC36, CDC39, STE4, and STE5 gene products interact functionally or physically or both in the regulation of cell division mediated by the presence or absence of mating pheromones. The cdc36 and cdc39 mutations did not suppress ste7, ste11, or ste12. Lesions in cdc28 or cdc37 did not suppress any of the ste mutations. Other models of CDC and STE gene action which predicted that some of the cdc and ste mutations would be alleles of the same locus were tested. None of the cdc mutations was allelic to the ste mutations and, therefore, these models were eliminated.

scholarly journals Mutations in the SHR5 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae suppress Ras function and block membrane attachment and palmitoylation of Ras proteins.

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1333-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Jung ◽  
L Chen ◽  
S L Hofmann ◽  
M Wigler ◽  
S Powers
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Ras Proteins ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Ras Protein ◽  
Membrane Attachment ◽  
Extragenic Suppressors

We have identified a gene, SHR5, in a screen for extragenic suppressors of the hyperactive RAS2Val-19 mutation in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. SHR5 was cloned, sequenced, and found to encode a 23-kDa protein not significantly homologous to other proteins in the current data bases. Genetic evidence arguing that Shr5 operates at the level of Ras is presented. We tested whether SHR5, like previously isolated suppressors of hyperactivated RAS2, acts by affecting the membrane attachment and/or posttranslational modification of Ras proteins. We found that less Ras protein is attached to the membrane in shr5 mutants than in wild-type cells and that the Ras proteins are markedly underpalmitoylated, suggesting that Shr5 is involved in palmitoylation of Ras proteins. However, shr5null mutants exhibit normal palmitoyltransferase activity measured in vitro. Further, shr5null mutations attenuate Ras function in cells containing mutant Ras2 proteins that are not palmitoylated or farnesylated. We conclude that SHR5 encodes a protein that participates in the membrane localization of Ras but also interacts in vivo with completely unprocessed and cytosolic Ras proteins.

scholarly journals Mating-defective ste mutations are suppressed by cell division cycle start mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

1982 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 1052-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
J R Shuster
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Temperature Characteristic ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Restrictive Temperature ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mating Pheromone ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Mating Pheromones

Temperature-sensitive mutants which arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle have been described for the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. One class of these mutants (carrying cdc28, cdc36, cdc37, or cdc39) forms a shmoo morphology at restrictive temperature, characteristic of mating pheromone-arrested wild-type cells. Therefore, one hypothesis to explain the control of cell division by mating factors states that mating pheromones arrest wild-type cells by inactivating one or more of these CDC gene products. A class of mutants (carrying ste4, ste5, ste7, ste11, or ste12) which is insensitive to mating pheromone and sterile has also been described. One possible function of the STE gene products is the inactivation of the CDC gene products in the presence of a mating pheromone. A model incorporating these two hypotheses predicts that such STE gene products will not be required for mating in strains carrying an appropriate cdc lesion. This prediction was tested by assaying the mating abilities of double mutants for all of the pairwise combinations of cdc and ste mutations. Lesions in either cdc36 or cdc39 suppressed the mating defect due to ste4 and ste5. Allele specificity was observed in the suppression of both ste4 and ste5. The results indicate that the CDC36, CDC39, STE4, and STE5 gene products interact functionally or physically or both in the regulation of cell division mediated by the presence or absence of mating pheromones. The cdc36 and cdc39 mutations did not suppress ste7, ste11, or ste12. Lesions in cdc28 or cdc37 did not suppress any of the ste mutations. Other models of CDC and STE gene action which predicted that some of the cdc and ste mutations would be alleles of the same locus were tested. None of the cdc mutations was allelic to the ste mutations and, therefore, these models were eliminated.

scholarly journals Yeast Hsl7 (histone synthetic lethal 7) catalyses the in vitro formation of ω-NG-monomethylarginine in calf thymus histone H2A

2006 ◽  
Vol 395 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Branscombe Miranda ◽  
Joyce Sayegh ◽  
Adam Frankel ◽  
Jonathan E. Katz ◽  
Mark Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Arginine Methylation ◽  
Histone H2a ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Synthetic Lethal ◽  
Calf Thymus

The HSL7 (histone synthetic lethal 7) gene in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a protein with close sequence similarity to the mammalian PRMT5 protein, a member of the class of protein arginine methyltransferases that catalyses the formation of ω-NG-monomethylarginine and symmetric ω-NG,N′G-dimethylarginine residues in a number of methyl-accepting species. A full-length HSL7 construct was expressed as a FLAG-tagged protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found that FLAG-tagged Hsl7 effectively catalyses the transfer of methyl groups from S-adenosyl-[methyl-3H]-L-methionine to calf thymus histone H2A. When the acid-hydrolysed radiolabelled protein products were separated by high-resolution cation-exchange chromatography, we were able to detect one tritiated species that co-migrated with an ω-NG-monomethylarginine standard. No radioactivity was observed that co-migrated with either the asymmetric or symmetric dimethylated derivatives. In control experiments, no methylation of histone H2A was found with two mutant constructs of Hsl7. Surprisingly, FLAG–Hsl7 does not appear to effectively catalyse the in vitro methylation of a GST (glutathione S-transferase)–GAR [glycine- and arginine-rich human fibrillarin-(1–148) peptide] fusion protein or bovine brain myelin basic protein, both good methyl-accepting substrates for the human homologue PRMT5. Additionally, FLAG–Hsl7 demonstrates no activity on purified calf thymus histones H1, H2B, H3 or H4. GST–Rmt1, the GST-fusion protein of the major yeast protein arginine methyltransferase, was also found to methylate calf thymus histone H2A. Although we detected Rmt1-dependent arginine methylation in vivo in purified yeast histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, we found no evidence for Hsl7-dependent methylation of endogenous yeast histones. The physiological substrates of the Hsl7 enzyme remain to be identified.

scholarly journals Allelic and ectopic interactions in recombination-defective yeast strains.

Genetics ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
D F Steele ◽  
M E Morris ◽  
S Jinks-Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Parental Strain ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Ectopic Recombination ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Chromosome Iii ◽  
Derivatives Of

Abstract Ectopic recombination in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been investigated by examining the effects of mutations known to alter allelic recombination frequencies. A haploid yeast strain disomic for chromosome III was constructed in which allelic recombination can be monitored using leu2 heteroalleles on chromosome III and ectopic recombination can be monitored using ura3 heteroalleles on chromosomes V and II. This strain contains the spo13-1 mutation which permits haploid strains to successfully complete meiosis and which rescues many recombination-defective mutants from the associated meiotic lethality. Mutations in the genes RAD50, SPO11 and HOP1 were introduced individually into this disomic strain using transformation procedures. Mitotic and meiotic comparisons of each mutant strain with the wild-type parental strain has shown that the mutation in question has comparable effects on ectopic and allelic recombination. Similar results have been obtained using diploid strains constructed by mating MATa and MAT alpha haploid derivatives of each of the disomic strains. These data demonstrate that ectopic and allelic recombination are affected by the same gene products and suggest that the two types of recombination are mechanistically similar. In addition, the comparison of disomic and diploid strains indicates that the presence of a chromosome pairing partner during meiosis does not affect the frequency of ectopic recombination events involving nonhomologous chromosomes.

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