Context-dependent gene expression: cis-acting negative effects of specific procaryotic plasmid sequences on eucaryotic genes

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1563-1567
Author(s):  
D O Peterson ◽  
K K Beifuss ◽  
K L Morley
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Transient Expression ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Sequence Element ◽  
Negative Element ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Pbr322 Dna ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Context Dependent

A sequence element within pBR322 DNA mediates a cis-acting negative effect on expression from eucaryotic genes in transient expression assays. The negative element overlaps with sequences that inhibit DNA replication, but its effect is observed in the absence of detectable replication of transfected DNA.

scholarly journals Context-dependent gene expression: cis-acting negative effects of specific procaryotic plasmid sequences on eucaryotic genes.

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1563-1567 ◽  
Author(s):  
D O Peterson ◽  
K K Beifuss ◽  
K L Morley
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Transient Expression ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Sequence Element ◽  
Negative Element ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Pbr322 Dna ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Context Dependent

A sequence element within pBR322 DNA mediates a cis-acting negative effect on expression from eucaryotic genes in transient expression assays. The negative element overlaps with sequences that inhibit DNA replication, but its effect is observed in the absence of detectable replication of transfected DNA.

scholarly journals Control of yeast gene expression by transposable elements: maximum expression requires a functional Ty activator sequence and a defective Ty promoter.

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 4009-4017 ◽  
Author(s):  
L R Coney ◽  
G S Roeder
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adjacent Gene ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Sequence Element ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Ty Elements ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Maximum Expression ◽  
Modest Effect

Integration of a transposable element adjacent to a gene frequently results in an alteration in expression of the nearby gene. The purpose of our experiments was to identify cis-acting sequences within a yeast transposon (Ty) that are important for expression of the adjacent gene. The role of these sequences in Ty transcription was also analyzed in order to examine the relationship between Ty and adjacent gene expression. Three naturally occurring Ty elements located at the HIS4 locus were examined. These Ty elements differed by multiple sequence changes and had different effects on HIS4 expression. To determine which sequences were important to Ty and HIS4 expression, Ty::lacZ and Ty::HIS4::lacZ fusion genes were constructed and analyzed. Results of these experiments indicated that a sequence element is present in the Ty epsilon region that is necessary for HIS4 expression but which has only a modest effect on Ty transcription. Additionally, a mutation in the Ty promoter region decreased Ty transcription and increased HIS4 expression. The opposite effects of this mutation on Ty and adjacent gene expression were probably caused by promoter competition.

scholarly journals A complex array of positive and negative elements regulates the chicken alpha A-crystallin gene: involvement of Pax-6, USF, CREB and/or CREM, and AP-1 proteins.

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 7363-7376 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Cvekl ◽  
C M Sax ◽  
E H Bresnick ◽  
J Piatigorsky
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Promoter Activity ◽  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Ocular Lens ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Negative Element ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Direct Data ◽  
Gel Mobility Shift

The abundance of crystallins (> 80% of the soluble protein) in the ocular lens provides advantageous markers for selective gene expression during cellular differentiation. Here we show by functional and protein-DNA binding experiments that the chicken alpha A-crystallin gene is regulated by at least five control elements located at sites A (-148 to -139), B (-138 to -132), C (-128 to -101), D (-102 to -93), and E (-56 to -41). Factors interacting with these sites were characterized immunologically and by gel mobility shift experiments. The results are interpreted with the following model. Site A binds USF and is part of a composite element with site B. Site B binds CREB and/or CREM to enhance expression in the lens and binds an AP-1 complex including CREB, Fra2 and/or JunD which interacts with USF on site A to repress expression in fibroblasts. Sites C and E (which is conserved across species) bind Pax-6 in the lens to stimulate alpha A-crystallin promoter activity. These experiments provide the first direct data that Pax-6 contributes to the lens-specific expression of a crystallin gene. Site D (-104 to -93) binds USF and is a negative element. Thus, the data indicate that USF, CREB and/or CREM (or AP-1 factors), and Pax-6 bind a complex array of positive and negative cis-acting elements of the chicken alpha A-crystallin gene to control high expression in the lens and repression in fibroblasts.

scholarly journals Multiple effects of mutation on expression of alternative cell surface protein genes in Tetrahymena thermophila.

Genetics ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
D L Smith ◽  
F P Doerder
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Tetrahymena Thermophila ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Cell Surface Protein ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Antigen Gene

Abstract Genes at the SerH locus of the ciliated protist Tetrahymena thermophila specify the major (H) surface protein on cells grown at 20-36 degrees. Alternative proteins L, T, S and I are expressed under different conditions of temperature and culture media. Mutants unable to express SerH genes were examined for expression of these proteins, also called immobilization or i-antigens, at both H and non-H conditions. In all instances, one or more i-antigens were expressed in the absence of H, and, in most instances, expression of i-antigens under non-H conditions was also affected. Examples of the latter include both the continued expression of H-replacement antigens and the inability to express certain other i-antigens. Such multiple effects were observed in mutants with trans-acting (rseA, rseB, rseC, RseD) and cis-acting (H1-1 and H1-2) mutations, but not in mutants in which SerH is affected developmentally (B2092, B2101, B2103, B2107). These interactions suggest that the wild-type genes identified by mutation exert both positive and negative effects in the regulation of i-antigen gene expression.

Cell-type-dependent gene activation by yeast transposon Ty1 involves multiple regulatory determinants

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3205-3211
Author(s):  
M Company ◽  
B Errede
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Gene Activation ◽  
Distal Region ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Cell Type Specificity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Transcriptional Control Region

Ty transposable element insertion mutations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae can cause cell-type-dependent activation of adjacent gene expression. Several cis-acting regulatory regions within Ty1 that are responsible for these effects were identified. A 211-base-pair (bp) region functions as an activator. This region includes the so-called U5 domain of delta and 145 bp of adjacent epsilon sequences. Unlike activation by the intact Ty1, activation by the 211-bp Ty1 subfragment is cell-type independent. The presence of a 112-bp fragment from a more distal region of Ty1 confers cell-type specificity to the activator. The 112-bp fragment includes sequences with homology to mammalian enhancers and to a yeast a/alpha control site. In addition, Ty1 regions that exert negative effects on gene expression were identified. These results demonstrate that the Ty1 transcriptional control region consists of multiple components with distinct regulatory functions.

scholarly journals Cell-type-dependent gene activation by yeast transposon Ty1 involves multiple regulatory determinants.

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3205-3211 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Company ◽  
B Errede
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Gene Activation ◽  
Distal Region ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Cell Type Specificity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Transcriptional Control Region

Ty transposable element insertion mutations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae can cause cell-type-dependent activation of adjacent gene expression. Several cis-acting regulatory regions within Ty1 that are responsible for these effects were identified. A 211-base-pair (bp) region functions as an activator. This region includes the so-called U5 domain of delta and 145 bp of adjacent epsilon sequences. Unlike activation by the intact Ty1, activation by the 211-bp Ty1 subfragment is cell-type independent. The presence of a 112-bp fragment from a more distal region of Ty1 confers cell-type specificity to the activator. The 112-bp fragment includes sequences with homology to mammalian enhancers and to a yeast a/alpha control site. In addition, Ty1 regions that exert negative effects on gene expression were identified. These results demonstrate that the Ty1 transcriptional control region consists of multiple components with distinct regulatory functions.

scholarly journals Mutational and Selective Processes Involved in Evolution during Bacterial Range Expansions

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 2313-2327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Bosshard ◽  
Stephan Peischl ◽  
Martin Ackermann ◽  
Laurent Excoffier
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Artificial Selection ◽  
Colony Size ◽  
Deleterious Mutations ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Fast Expansions ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Expansion Load

AbstractBacterial populations have been shown to accumulate deleterious mutations during spatial expansions that overall decrease their fitness and ability to grow. However, it is unclear if and how they can respond to selection in face of this mutation load. We examine here if artificial selection can counteract the negative effects of range expansions. We examined the molecular evolution of 20 mutator lines selected for fast expansions (SEL) and compared them to 20 other mutator lines freely expanding without artificial selection (CONTROL). We find that the colony size of all 20 SEL lines have increased relative to the ancestral lines, unlike CONTROL lines, showing that enough beneficial mutations are produced during spatial expansions to counteract the negative effect of expansion load. Importantly, SEL and CONTROL lines have similar numbers of mutations indicating that they evolved for the same number of generations and that increased fitness is not due to a purging of deleterious mutations. We find that loss of function mutations better explain the increased colony size of SEL lines than nonsynonymous mutations or a combination of the two. Interestingly, most loss of function mutations are found in simple sequence repeats (SSRs) located in genes involved in gene regulation and gene expression. We postulate that such potentially reversible mutations could play a major role in the rapid adaptation of bacteria to changing environmental conditions by shutting down expensive genes and adjusting gene expression.

scholarly journals Demonstration of a human epsilon-globin gene silencer with studies in transgenic mice

Blood ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Raich ◽  
T Papayannopoulou ◽  
G Stamatoyannopoulos ◽  
T Enver
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Developmental Regulation ◽  
Globin Gene ◽  
Negative Element ◽  
Cis Acting

The human epsilon-globin gene displays normal developmental regulation in transgenic mice; it is expressed only in embryonic and in definitive erythroid cells. We show here that deletion of a negative element located between -182 and -467 bp upstream of the epsilon-globin gene cap site results in continuation of epsilon gene expression in the definitive erythroblasts of the fetal liver and in the red blood cells of adult transgenic mice. These data provide direct in vivo evidence that cis acting silencing elements are involved in the developmental control of the epsilon-globin gene.

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