scholarly journals Differential expression in male and female mouse liver of very similar mRNAs specified by two group 1 major urinary protein genes.

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 2202-2207 ◽  
Author(s):  
I McIntosh ◽  
J O Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Hormonal Status ◽  
Oligonucleotide Probes ◽  
Urinary Proteins ◽  
Pairwise Similarity ◽  
Major Urinary Protein ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Major Urinary Proteins ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Group 1

The major urinary proteins of the mouse are encoded by a large multigene family composed of several distinct groups of genes distinguished by differences in sequence and expression characteristics. The genes in the largest group (group 1) show greater than 99% pairwise similarity in their exons. By hybridization between RNA and a specifically designed oligonucleotide, we confirmed that genes of this group are expressed mainly in the liver. By using additional gene-specific oligonucleotide probes, we have been able to distinguish between the species of mRNA corresponding to two of these genes and to measure their abundance in male and female liver. Both mRNAs are present in male liver at high but different levels. Both are also present in female liver, one at a much lower level than in the male and the second at a very low level indeed. Both are present at male levels in the livers of females induced with testosterone. These results show unequivocally that the expression of different group 1 Mup genes is differentially influenced by the hormonal status of the mouse.

Differential expression in male and female mouse liver of very similar mRNAs specified by two group 1 major urinary protein genes

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 2202-2207
Author(s):  
I McIntosh ◽  
J O Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Hormonal Status ◽  
Oligonucleotide Probes ◽  
Urinary Proteins ◽  
Pairwise Similarity ◽  
Major Urinary Protein ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Major Urinary Proteins ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Group 1

The major urinary proteins of the mouse are encoded by a large multigene family composed of several distinct groups of genes distinguished by differences in sequence and expression characteristics. The genes in the largest group (group 1) show greater than 99% pairwise similarity in their exons. By hybridization between RNA and a specifically designed oligonucleotide, we confirmed that genes of this group are expressed mainly in the liver. By using additional gene-specific oligonucleotide probes, we have been able to distinguish between the species of mRNA corresponding to two of these genes and to measure their abundance in male and female liver. Both mRNAs are present in male liver at high but different levels. Both are also present in female liver, one at a much lower level than in the male and the second at a very low level indeed. Both are present at male levels in the livers of females induced with testosterone. These results show unequivocally that the expression of different group 1 Mup genes is differentially influenced by the hormonal status of the mouse.

scholarly journals Structural genes of the mouse major urinary protein are on chromosome 4.

1982 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Krauter ◽  
L Leinwand ◽  
P D'Eustachio ◽  
F Ruddle ◽  
J E Darnell
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Urinary Proteins ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Somatic Cell Genetics ◽  
Major Urinary Protein ◽  
Major Urinary Proteins ◽  
Trans Regulation

The major urinary proteins (MUPs) of mouse are a family of at least three major proteins which are synthesized in the liver of all strains of mice. The relative levels of synthesis of these proteins with respect to each other in the presence of testosterone is regulated by the Mup-a locus located on chromosome 4. In an effort to determine the mechanism of this regulation in molecular terms, a cDNA clone containing most of the coding region of a MUP protein has been isolated and identified by partial DNA sequence analysis. Using a combination of hybridization analysis and somatic cell genetics, the structural gene family has been unambiguously mapped to mouse chromosome 4. These data suggest that Mup-a regulation operates in a cis fashion and that models proposing trans regulation of MUP protein synthesis are unlikely.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of functional genes encoding the mouse major urinary proteins.

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 3705-3712 ◽  
Author(s):  
W A Held ◽  
J F Gallagher ◽  
C M Hohman ◽  
N J Kuhn ◽  
B M Sampsell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Specificity ◽  
Urinary Proteins ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Major Urinary Proteins ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Flanking Region ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Mouse Ltk- cells were stably transfected with cloned genes encoding the mouse major urinary proteins (MUPs). C57BL/6J MUP genomic clones encoding MUP 2 (BL6-25 and BL6-51), MUP 3 (BL6-11 and BL6-3), and MUP 4 (BL6-42) have been identified. In C57BL/6J mice, MUP 2 and MUP 4 are known to be synthesized in male, but not female, liver, and MUP 3 is known to be synthesized in both male and female liver and mammary gland. A BALB/c genomic clone (BJ-31) was shown to encode a MUP that is slightly more basic than MUP 2 and was previously shown to be synthesized in both male and female liver of BALB/c but not C57BL/6 mice. Comigration on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels of the MUPs encoded by the transfecting gene provides a basis for tentative identification of the tissue specificity and mode of regulation of each gene. DNA sequence analysis of the 5' flanking region indicates that the different MUP genes are highly homologous (0.20 to 2.40% divergence) within the 879 base pairs analyzed. The most prominent differences in sequence occur within an A-rich region just 5' of the TATA box. This region (from -47 to -93) contains primarily A or C(A)N nucleotides and varies from 15 to 46 nucleotides in length in the different clones.

scholarly journals Major urinary protein levels are associated with social status and context in mouse social hierarchies

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1863) ◽  
pp. 20171570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won Lee ◽  
Amber Khan ◽  
James P. Curley
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Urinary Proteins ◽  
Major Urinary Protein ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Major Urinary Proteins ◽  
Stable Linear ◽  
Lower Urinary

We have previously shown that male mice living in groups of 12 males establish and maintain stable linear social hierarchies with each individual having a defined social rank. However, it is not clear which social cues mice use to signal and recognize their relative social status within their hierarchy. In this study, we investigate how individual social status both in pairs and in groups affects the levels of major urinary proteins (MUPs) and specifically MUP20 in urine. We housed groups of adult outbred CD1 male mice in a complex social environment for three weeks and collected urine samples from all individuals repeatedly. We found that dominant males produce more MUPs than subordinates when housed in pairs and that the production of MUPs and MUP20 is significantly higher in alpha males compared with all other individuals in a social hierarchy. Furthermore, we found that hepatic mRNA expression of Mup3 and Mup20 is significantly higher in alpha males than in subordinate males. We also show that alpha males have lower urinary creatinine levels consistent with these males urinating more than others living in hierarchies. These differences emerged within one week of animals being housed together in social hierarchies. This study demonstrates that as males transition to become alpha males, they undergo physiological changes that contribute to communication of their social status that may have implications for the energetic demands of maintaining dominance.

scholarly journals REGULATION OF MOUSE MAJOR URINARY PROTEIN PRODUCTION BY THE MUP-A GENE

Genetics ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-612
Author(s):  
P R Szoka ◽  
K Paigen
Keyword(s):  
Protein Production ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Electrophoretic Separation ◽  
Urinary Proteins ◽  
Major Urinary Protein ◽  
Testosterone Treatment ◽  
Major Urinary Proteins ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Daily Excretion ◽  
Induced Proteins

ABSTRACT A method was developed to quantitate the daily excretion of the three major urinary proteins (mups) to test which parameters of the mup phenotype are controlled by the the Mup-a gene. Electrophoretic separation of the mup proteins, followed by staining and spectrophotometric scanning was used to characterize the phenotypes of various inbred strains. The mup phenotype of a strain proved to have two components: the absolute levels and the relative proportions of the mups present in the urine. Testosterone treatment alters both components of the mup phenotype, increasing mup excretion and altering their relative proportions. The induced proteins are the same as the basal proteins as judged by electrophoretic mobility, molecular weight, and reactivity with antibody. All strains excrete all three mups when induced. The Mup-a gene appears to be a single, codominantly expressed regulatory locus that controls the induced proportions of the three proteins. However, other genes in addition to Mup-a participate in controlling the basal mup proportions, as well as individual and total mup levels before and after testosterone treatment.

The 45-kb unit of major urinary protein gene organization is a gigantic imperfect palindrome

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 1591-1600
Author(s):  
J O Bishop ◽  
G G Selman ◽  
J Hickman ◽  
L Black ◽  
R D Saunders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Gene Organization ◽  
Urinary Protein ◽  
Major Urinary Protein ◽  
Major Urinary Proteins ◽  
Constant Feature ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Flanking Regions ◽  
Imperfect Palindrome ◽  
Group 1

The multigene family which codes for the mouse major urinary proteins consists of about 35 genes. Most of these are members of two distinct groups, group 1 and group 2. The group 1 and group 2 genes are organized in head-to-head pairs within 12 to 15 remarkably uniform chromosomal units or domains about 45 kilobase pairs (kb) in size. The 45-kb units are located on chromosome 4, and many of them are adjacent to each other. We propose that the 45-kb unit is a unit both of organization and of evolutionary change. In this study the homologies within the unit were observed by examining, in an electron microscope, heteroduplex and foldback structures made from cloned major urinary protein genes. These show that the 45-kb unit is a gigantic imperfect palindrome. Each arm of the palindrome contains two regions of inverted symmetry of 9.5 and 4.5 kb separated by a 3-kb nonsymmetrical region. We argue that the nonsymmetrical regions arose by a series of deletion events in the two arms of the palindrome. The center of the 45-kb unit is an 8-kb sequence without inverted symmetry flanked by the 9.5-kb regions, which contain the 4-kb genes and their immediate 5' and 3' flanking regions. The junction between adjacent 45-kb units is a 2- to 4-kb sequence without inverted symmetry flanked by the 4.5-kb regions. Some of the 45-kb units are arranged as direct tandem repeats. Others appear to be in inverted orientation with respect to a neighboring unit. Cloned major urinary protein genes show few incidences of the repetitive elements B1, B2, R, and MIF. Two elements, a B1 and an R, may be a constant feature of the 45-kb units. If so, in those cases in which the units are in tandem array, both of these elements will occur with a 45-kb periodicity. A comparison of corresponding parts of different 45-kb units shows that they differ because of a number of deletion or insertion events, particularly in the regions 3' to the genes.

scholarly journals Linkage between sperm abnormality level and major urinary protein phenotype in mice

1991 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozefa Styrna
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
Urinary Proteins ◽  
Major Urinary Protein ◽  
Major Urinary Proteins ◽  
Abnormal Sperm ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽  
Sperm Abnormality ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

SummarySegregation of sperm abnormality level and the pattern of major urinary proteins (MUPs) were investigated in F2 and B1 hybrid males obtained from crosses involving two contrasting inbred strains of mice: CBA/Kw (Mup-1a1a, 3·3% abnormal sperm) and C57BL/Kw (Mup-1b1b, 21·9% abnormal sperm). In the progeny of both crosses mean levels of abnormal spermatozoa were significantly higher for males typed as Mup-1b1b than for heterozygous Mup-1a1b males. Moreover, all F2 hybrid males showing very high percentages of abnormal sperm were Mup-1b1bhomozygotes. Similarly, among B1 males with a high level of deformed spermatozoa, a statistically significant majority were Mup-1b1b genotypes. Our results suggest that at least two genes which influence sperm abnormality level are segregating in these crosses. Both appear to be recessive for high sperm abnormality level, and one shows weak linkage to Mup-1 on chromosome 4.

The major urinary protein system in the rat

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 886-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guadalupe Gómez-Baena ◽  
Stuart D. Armstrong ◽  
Marie M. Phelan ◽  
Jane L. Hurst ◽  
Robert J. Beynon
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Communication ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Urinary Protein ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Urinary Proteins ◽  
Major Urinary Protein ◽  
Major Urinary Proteins ◽  
Brown Rat ◽  
Rats And Mice

The genomes of rats and mice both contain a cluster of multiple genes that encode small (18–20 kDa) eight-stranded β-barrel lipocalins that are expressed in multiple secretory tissues, some of which enter urine via hepatic biosynthesis. These proteins have been given different names, but are mostly generically referred to as MUPs (major urinary proteins). The mouse MUP cluster is increasingly well understood, and, in particular, a number of roles for MUPs in chemical communication between conspecifics have been established. By contrast, the literature on the rat orthologues is much less well developed and is fragmented. In the present review, we summarize current knowledge on the MUPs from the Norway (or brown) rat, Rattus norvegicus.

Identification and characterization of functional genes encoding the mouse major urinary proteins

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 3705-3712
Author(s):  
W A Held ◽  
J F Gallagher ◽  
C M Hohman ◽  
N J Kuhn ◽  
B M Sampsell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Specificity ◽  
Urinary Proteins ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Major Urinary Proteins ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Flanking Region ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Mouse Ltk- cells were stably transfected with cloned genes encoding the mouse major urinary proteins (MUPs). C57BL/6J MUP genomic clones encoding MUP 2 (BL6-25 and BL6-51), MUP 3 (BL6-11 and BL6-3), and MUP 4 (BL6-42) have been identified. In C57BL/6J mice, MUP 2 and MUP 4 are known to be synthesized in male, but not female, liver, and MUP 3 is known to be synthesized in both male and female liver and mammary gland. A BALB/c genomic clone (BJ-31) was shown to encode a MUP that is slightly more basic than MUP 2 and was previously shown to be synthesized in both male and female liver of BALB/c but not C57BL/6 mice. Comigration on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels of the MUPs encoded by the transfecting gene provides a basis for tentative identification of the tissue specificity and mode of regulation of each gene. DNA sequence analysis of the 5' flanking region indicates that the different MUP genes are highly homologous (0.20 to 2.40% divergence) within the 879 base pairs analyzed. The most prominent differences in sequence occur within an A-rich region just 5' of the TATA box. This region (from -47 to -93) contains primarily A or C(A)N nucleotides and varies from 15 to 46 nucleotides in length in the different clones.

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