scholarly journals Characterization of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Elements from Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Infections in Australian Animals

mSphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate A. Worthing ◽  
Sybille Schwendener ◽  
Vincent Perreten ◽  
Sugiyono Saputra ◽  
Geoffrey W. Coombs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Genomic Structure ◽  
Cadmium Resistance ◽  
Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Oxacillin Resistance ◽  
Animal Pathogens ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

ABSTRACT We examined the oxacillin resistance phenotype and genomic structure of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) elements from 77 veterinary methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) isolates. Isolates were characterized by oxacillin broth microdilution, whole-genome sequencing, and bioformatics analysis. Five previously described SCCmec elements, and a sixth novel element, were identified: SCCmec III (also known as II-III), ΨSCCmec57395, and SCCmecNA45 (a SCCmec VII variant), all previously described in MRSP, and SCCmec IVg and SCCmec VT, previously described in both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and MRSP. The sixth element was novel and found among nine geographically clustered isolates. This novel pseudostaphylococcal cassette chromosome (ΨSCCmecKW21) contained a class A mec gene complex but lacked ccr genes. It also harbored heavy metal (cadmium) resistance determinants. The median oxacillin MIC values among ΨSCCmecKW21, SCCmec III, and SCCmec VT isolates were significantly higher than those determined for the SCCmecNA45 VII variant isolates and ΨSCCmec57395 and SCCmec IVg isolates. ΨSCCmecKW21 was found exclusively in sequence type 497 (ST497), an MRSP clone that is locally successful in Victoria, Australia. Future studies are necessary to determine if this clone has disseminated further afield and if ΨSCCmecKW21 has moved into other MRSP lineages or staphylococcal species. IMPORTANCE Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a significant veterinary pathogen and occasional cause of infections in humans. β-Lactams are an important group of antimicrobials used to treat staphylococcal infections in humans and animals. However, when staphylococci become methicillin resistant via the acquisition of a mobile genetic element called staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), they become resistant to all β-lactams. This study detected a novel SCCmec element among a cluster of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius isolates from animals in Australia. It also detected SCCmec elements in S. pseudintermedius that had high similarity to those identified in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, demonstrating how human and animal pathogens can share the same resistance determinants.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Systemically Disseminated Sequence Type 8 Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Type IVl Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (35) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junzo Hisatsune ◽  
Hideharu Hagiya ◽  
Sumiko Shiota ◽  
Motoyuki Sugai
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome ◽  
Epidermal Cell Differentiation

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus JH4899, a community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) isolate collected from a patient with systematically disseminated infection, is classified as sequence type 8 and carries the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type IVl (SCCmecIVl). It produces TSST-1, SEC, a newly discovered enterotoxin (SE1), and epidermal cell differentiation inhibitor A (EDIN-A). Here, we present the complete genome sequence of the chromosome and a plasmid harboring the se1 and ednA genes.

scholarly journals Novel Types of Staphylococcal Cassette ChromosomemecElements Identified in Clonal Complex 398 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 3046-3050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshuang Li ◽  
Robert Leo Skov ◽  
Xiao Han ◽  
Anders Rhod Larsen ◽  
Jesper Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Subtype C ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Original Host ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Type V ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

ABSTRACTThe structures of staphylococcal cassette chromosomemec(SCCmec) elements carried by 31 clonal complex 398 (CC398) methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) strains isolated from the participants at a conference were analyzed. The SCCmecs were classified into novel types, namely, IX, X, V(5C2&5) subtype c, and IVa. Type V(5C2&5) subtype c, IX, and X SCCmecs carried genes conferring resistance to metals. The structures of SCCmecs from CC398 strains were distinct from those normally found in humans, adding to the evidence that humans are not the original host for CC398.

scholarly journals Full-Genome Sequencing Identifies in the Genetic Background Several Determinants That Modulate the Resistance Phenotype in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Carrying the Novel mecC Gene

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Milheiriço ◽  
Hermínia de Lencastre ◽  
Alexander Tomasz
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Resistance Phenotype ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Oxacillin Resistance ◽  
Mrsa Strains

ABSTRACT Most methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains are resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics due to the presence of the mecA gene, encoding an extra penicillin-binding protein (PBP2A) that has low affinity for virtually all beta-lactam antibiotics. Recently, a new resistance determinant—the mecC gene—was identified in S. aureus isolates recovered from humans and dairy cattle. Although having typically low MICs to beta-lactam antibiotics, MRSA strains with the mecC determinant are also capable of expressing high levels of oxacillin resistance when in an optimal genetic background. In order to test the impact of extensive beta-lactam selection on the emergence of mecC-carrying strains with high levels of antibiotic resistance, we exposed the prototype mecC-carrying MRSA strain, LGA251, to increasing concentrations of oxacillin. LGA251 was able to rapidly adapt to high concentrations of oxacillin in growth medium. In such laboratory mutants with increased levels of oxacillin resistance, we identified mutations in genes with no relationship to the mecC regulatory system, indicating that the genetic background plays an important role in the establishment of the levels of oxacillin resistance. Our data also indicate that the stringent stress response plays a critical role in the beta-lactam antibiotic resistance phenotype of MRSA strains carrying the mecC determinant.

scholarly journals β-Lactams Increase the Antibacterial Activity of Daptomycin against Clinical Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains and Prevent Selection of Daptomycin-Resistant Derivatives

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 6192-6200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrenik Mehta ◽  
Christopher Singh ◽  
Konrad B. Plata ◽  
Palas K. Chanda ◽  
Arundhati Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mutant Selection ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oxacillin Resistance ◽  
Worm Model ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTMethicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) has emerged to be one of the most important pathogens both in health care and in community-onset infections. Daptomycin (DAP) is a cyclic anionic lipopeptide recommended for treatment of skin infections, bacteremia, and right-sided endocarditis caused by MRSA. Resistance to DAP (DAPr) has been reported in MRSA and is mostly accompanied by a parallel decrease in oxacillin resistance, a process known as the “seesaw effect.” Our study provides evidence that the seesaw effect applies to other β-lactams and carbapenems of clinical use, including nafcillin (NAF), cefotaxime (CTX), amoxicillin-clavulanic (AMC), and imipenem (IMP), in heterogeneous DAPrMRSA strains but not in MRSA strains expressing homogeneous β-lactam resistance. The antibacterial efficacy of DAP in combination with β-lactams was evaluated in isogenic DAP-susceptible (DAPs)/DaprMRSA strains originally obtained from patients that failed DAP monotherapy. Bothin vitro(MIC, synergy-kill curve) andin vivo(wax worm model) approaches were used. In these models, DAP and a β-lactam proved to be highly synergistic against both heterogeneous and homogeneous clinical DAPrMRSA strains. Mechanistically, β-lactams induced a reduction in the cell net positive surface charge, reverting the increased repulsion provoked by DAP alone, an effect that may favor the binding of DAP to the cell surface. The ease ofin vitromutant selection was observed when DAPsMRSA strains were exposed to DAP. Importantly, the combination of DAP and a β-lactam prevented the selection of DAPrvariants. In summary, our data show that the DAP–β-lactam combination may significantly enhance both thein vitroandin vivoefficacy of anti-MRSA therapeutic options against DAPrMRSA infections and represent an option in preventing DAPrselection in persistent or refractory MRSA infections.

scholarly journals Genetic Determinants of High-Level Oxacillin Resistance in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pardos de la Gandara ◽  
Vitor Borges ◽  
Marilyn Chung ◽  
Catarina Milheiriço ◽  
João Paulo Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Clonal Type ◽  
Oxacillin Resistance ◽  
Resistant Phenotype ◽  
Six Genes

ABSTRACT Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains carry either a mecA - or a mecC -mediated mechanism of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, and the phenotypic expression of resistance shows extensive strain-to-strain variation. In recent communications, we identified the genetic determinants associated with the stringent stress response that play a major role in the antibiotic resistant phenotype of the historically earliest “archaic” clone of MRSA and in the mecC -carrying MRSA strain LGA251. Here, we sought to test whether or not the same genetic determinants also contribute to the resistant phenotype of highly and homogeneously resistant (H*R) derivatives of a major contemporary MRSA clone, USA300. We found that the resistance phenotype was linked to six genes ( fruB , gmk , hpt , purB , prsA , and relA ), which were most frequently targeted among the analyzed 20 H*R strains (one mutation per clone in 19 of the 20 H*R strains). Besides the strong parallels with our previous findings (five of the six genes matched), all but one of the repeatedly targeted genes were found to be linked to guanine metabolism, pointing to the key role that this pathway plays in defining the level of antibiotic resistance independent of the clonal type of MRSA.

scholarly journals Specific staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types and clonal complexes are associated with low-level amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefalotin resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-511
Author(s):  
Alice Wegener ◽  
Peter Damborg ◽  
Luca Guardabassi ◽  
Arshnee Moodley ◽  
Lapo Mughini-Gras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Oxacillin Resistance ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Sccmec Types ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

Abstract Background Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a common pathogen in dogs and methicillin resistance has emerged over recent decades. According to the current guidelines, S. pseudintermedius displaying oxacillin resistance should be reported as resistant to all β-lactams. Objectives To identify possible associations between β-lactam resistance levels and clonal complexes (CCs) and/or staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types in methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP). Methods MICs of oxacillin, penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefalotin were determined by broth microdilution for 86 clinical canine MRSP isolates from Denmark and the Netherlands. PCR and sequencing were used for SCCmec typing and MLST. Results Isolates belonged to CC71 (n = 36), CC258 (n = 33), CC45 (n = 11), CC68 (n = 1) and five singleton STs. SCCmecII-III was exclusively found in CC71 and SCCmecIV was significantly associated with CC258. SCCmecV and non-typeable SCCmec types occurred in 4 and 14 isolates, respectively. SCCmecIV was associated with lower MICs of oxacillin (<2 mg/L), ampicillin (<8 mg/L) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (<4 mg/L) and with susceptibility to cefalotin (<4 mg/L). All isolates harbouring SCCmecV were susceptible to cefalotin as well. Conclusions SCCmec types were associated with different CCs and with either high- or low-level resistance to different β-lactams. The finding of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (20%) and cefalotin (70%) in vitro susceptibility across all CCs might have clinical implications, since amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and first-generation cephalosporins are first-choice antibiotics for treatment of S. pseudintermedius infections. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic and clinical outcome studies are warranted to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of these β-lactams for treatment of MRSP infections.

scholarly journals Analysis of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosomemecin BD GeneOhm MRSA Assay-Negative Strains

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 2890-2891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Teruyo Ito ◽  
Shanshuang Li ◽  
Shigeki Misawa ◽  
Shigemi Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

ABSTRACTThe BD GeneOhm MRSA assay could identify methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) strains at a high ratio (97.8%). Analysis of 11 assay-negative MRSA strains suggested that insertion of non-mecstaphylococcal cassette chromosome elements (SCCs) downstream oforfX, and carriage of SCCmecs with a left extremity that cannot be detected by the kit, might lead to their being given an incorrect negative status.

scholarly journals A Novel Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosomal Element, SCCfusC, CarryingfusCandspeGin Fusidic Acid-Resistant Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 1224-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Tzu Lin ◽  
Jui-Chang Tsai ◽  
Hsiao-Jan Chen ◽  
Wei-Chun Hung ◽  
Po-Ren Hsueh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Fusidic Acid ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Flanking Regions ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

ABSTRACTA high prevalence offusC(16/46, 59%) was found in fusidic acid-resistant methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusisolates collected from 2008 to 2010. Nucleotide sequencing offusCand flanking regions revealed a novel staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) structure, SCCfusC, which was integrated intorlmHand located upstream from SCCmec. The SCCfusCelement containedspeG, which may contribute to the polyamine resistance.

scholarly journals Dissemination of the Samecfr-Carrying Plasmid among Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Isolates in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 3669-3671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Chang Cai ◽  
Yan Yan Hu ◽  
Hong Wei Zhou ◽  
Gong-Xiang Chen ◽  
Rong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mobile Element ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Staphylococcal Species ◽  
Complete Sequencing ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

ABSTRACTSixcfr-harboring methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) isolates, which belonged to the same clone of sequence type 5 (ST5)-staphylococcal cassette chromosomemecelement II (SCCmecII)-spat311, were investigated in this study. Complete sequencing of acfr-carrying plasmid, pLRSA417, revealed an 8,487-bp fragment containing a Tn4001-like transposon,cfr,orf1, and ISEnfa4. This segment, first identified in an animal plasmid, pSS-01, was observed in several plasmids from clinical coagulase-negative staphylococci in China, suggesting that thecfrgene, which might originate from livestock, was located in the same mobile element and disseminated among different clinical staphylococcal species.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Harboring Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Type IX, Isolated from a Fatal Bacteremic Pneumonia Case

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (30) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peechanika Chopjitt ◽  
Thidathip Wongsurawat ◽  
Piroon Jenjaroenpun ◽  
Parichart Boueroy ◽  
Watcharaporn Kamjumphol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bacteremic Pneumonia ◽  
Fatal Sepsis ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

Here, we report the whole-genome sequence of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain harboring staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCC mec ) type IX, isolated from a fatal sepsis case. Genomic analysis revealed that the isolate was sequence type 9 and spa type t3446, carrying multiple antimicrobial-resistant genes comprising mecA , blaZ , aac(6′)-aph(2″) , aadD , ant(6)-Ia , lsa (E), dfrG , tet (M), fexA , and lnu (B).

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