Geohydrology of the four largest spring systems in the Ozarks of Missouri and Arkansas, USA

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-142
Author(s):  
Cecil Boswell ◽  
James W. Duley
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Gulf State ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
North Fork ◽  
Bedrock Aquifer ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

ABSTRACT The four largest spring systems in the mid-continent receive recharge through large interconnected voids in fractured and solution-weathered dolostones of the Ordovician and Cambrian systems. Cumulative thickness of the carbonate bedrock aquifer ranges up to 700 m in the Ozark region. Recharge from the surface occurs through weathered overburden, sinkholes, and losing streams and has been traced up to 60 km (straight-line horizontal distance) using fluorescent dyes. Mean discharge of the combined flow of these four spring systems is ~1400 cubic feet/second (ft3/s) or 40 m3/second (m3/s). All four spring systems will be visited while discussing the karst terrane that recharges them. Environmental and engineering challenges in the region will be discussed, such as wastewater treatment systems, solid waste disposal, and failed reservoirs. Hodgson Mill Spring represents a branch of the Rainbow/North Fork/Hodgson Mill System. While it receives base flow from the main system, it also receives local recharge that Rainbow and North Fork springs do not. A portion of the Mammoth Spring recharge system will be viewed at Grand Gulf State Park in Missouri, where a cave collapse has created cliffs and a natural bridge and exposed a small losing tributary that flows into a cave that has been traced to the spring. Mammoth Spring State Park in Arkansas offers a historical perspective of the development and use of large springs. Greer Spring in Missouri was used as a power source for grist, flour, and lumber mills, but has now largely returned to its predevelopment state and is managed by the U.S. Forest Service. Big Spring, featured in a former state park in Missouri, is now part of the Ozark National Scenic Riverways.

scholarly journals Sea Level Rise Impacts on Wastewater Treatment Systems Along the U.S. Coasts

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Hummel ◽  
Matthew S. Berry ◽  
Mark T. Stacey
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Sea Level Rise Impacts ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

scholarly journals Water Sources of Upland Swamps in Eastern Australia: Implications for System Integrity with Aquifer Interference and a Changing Climate

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten L. Cowley ◽  
Kirstie A. Fryirs ◽  
Robert Chisari ◽  
Grant C. Hose
Keyword(s):  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Blue Mountains ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
System Integrity ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Bedrock Aquifer

Temperate Highland Peat Swamps on Sandstone (THPSS) in Eastern Australia are Groundwater Dependent Terrestrial Ecosystems that occur in the headwaters of streams on low relief plateaus. Like upland swamps and peatlands globally, they provide base flow to downstream catchments. However, these swamps are subject to aquifer interference from mining and groundwater extraction and are threatened by urbanization and climate change. We collected winter and summer water samples from swamps in two highland regions of Eastern Australia. Water from the swamps was analyzed for hydrogen (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopes and compared with rainwater, surface water and groundwater samples from the surrounding bedrock aquifers to identify likely swamp water sources. Radon (222Rn) was used as an environmental tracer to determine whether the swamps were predominantly groundwater or rainwater fed. Four out of five swamps sampled in the Blue Mountains had greater than 30% of water derived from the surrounding bedrock aquifer, whereas swamps in the Southern Highlands received less than 15% of water from the surrounding aquifer. The water sources for swamps in both regions are controlled by catchment morphology, e.g., valley shape. Understanding water sources of these systems is critical for the determination of likely impacts on THPSS from aquifer interference activities and a changing climate.

The Emerging Energy Landscape Economic and Strategic Implications

2018 ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
Gawdat Bahgat
Keyword(s):  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Energy Landscape ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Gulf State ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Strategic Relationships ◽  
The U.S

This chapter explores the changing landscape of global energy and its economic and security implications for Persian Gulf state. Gawdat Bahgat puts the ‘shale revolution’ in North America into the context of broader U.S. strategic interests in the Gulf and the wider Middle East and assesses the implications of the divergent trajectories whereby the U.S. has become less dependent on imported Persian Gulf oil while China has moved in the opposite direction. Bahgat analyzes also the strategic implications for Persian Gulf producers of long-term trends such as the growing drive for energy efficiencies, rising concerns about greenhouse gas emissions, and increasing diversity of the global energy mix. Bahgat ends by assessing how the post-2014 volatility in international oil prices presents both a set of challenges and opportunities for Persian Gulf producers who continue to utilize energy interdependency to underpin their security and strategic relationships with international partners.

The NIST-NOAA Resilient Communities Cooperative Initiative and Its Contribution to Coastal Community Resilience

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gaynor ◽  
Emil Simiu
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Wildland Fires ◽  
Coastal Community ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Resilient Communities ◽  
The U.S

Inspired by the development of a collaborative plan on understanding wildland fires, their interaction with weather and the built environment, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), both within the U.S. Department of Commerce, completed a more comprehensive collaborative plan entitled “Disaster Resilient Communities: A NIST/NOAA Partnership” during the winter of 2006. This plan addresses, in addition to wildland fires, the effects on the built environment of winds (hurricanes, tornadoes, and straight-line thunderstorm-generated winds), storm surge, tsunamis, and earthquakes. Since most of the structural risks appear in coastal areas of the U.S., the plan provides some emphasis on coastal communities. The plan also has two cross-cutting themes: 1) Multi-hazard failure analysis and mitigation and 2) community scale damage forecasting, including loss estimation methodology. This paper provides an overview of the NIST-NOAA plan with a focus on the components of the plan that address issues related to the resiliency of coastal communities.

Evaluating the effects of downscaled climate projections on groundwater storage and simulated base-flow contribution to the North Fork Red River and Lake Altus, southwest Oklahoma (USA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 2903-2916
Author(s):  
Laura G. Labriola ◽  
John H. Ellis ◽  
Subhrendu Gangopadhyay ◽  
Tom Pruitt ◽  
Pierre-Emmanuel Kirstsetter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Base Flow ◽  
Red River ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Groundwater Storage ◽  
The North ◽  
North Fork

scholarly journals Wolves in Yellowstone, Jackson Hole, and the North Fork of the Shoshone River: Simulating Ungulate Consequences of Wolf Revovery

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Mark Boyce ◽  
Jean-Michel Gaillard
Keyword(s):  
Yellowstone National Park ◽  
National Park ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Predator Prey Model ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
The North ◽  
North Fork ◽  
Fish And Wildlife Service ◽  
Jackson Hole ◽  
The U.S

The gray wolf (Canis lupus) was extirpated from Yellowstone National Park by U.S. Government personnel during 1914-1926. Since then, occasional reports of wolves in Yellowstone National Park have been recorded (Weaver 1978), but no recent records exist of wolves breeding in the park. In recent years, public attitudes towards predators have changed such that predators are more commonly viewed as an integral component of natural ecosystems (see e.g., Mech 1970, Despain et al. 1986, Dunlap 1988). An increasing proportion of the American public desires that wolves be reestablished in Yellowstone National Park (McNaught 1987, Bath 1991). ln 1987, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service approved a Recovery Plan for the Northern Rocky Mountain wolf (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 1987). Before proceeding with wolf recovery, however, Congress appropriated funds in 1988 and 1989 and directed that studies be conducted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Park Service to determine the effects of wolf recovery on ungulate populations. Boyce (1990) developed a predator-prey model for ungulate populations in Yellowstone National Park as a part of this Congressional charge to determine the probable outcome of wolf recovery. Our purpose is to expand upon the simulation model of Boyce (1990) to predict the probable consequences of wolf reintroduction in Yellowstone National Park to ungulate populations in Jackson Hole and along the North Fork of the Shoshone River. As in the previous model, this model allows the user to choose among several likely management scenarios. By manipulating alternatives, the user of the model can explore the consequences of management actions. In particular, it is essential to be able to anticipate if wolves will be culled if they leave the parks, if poaching can be controlled within the park, and if hunting for bison and elk will continue in the Yellowstone River valley north of Gardiner, Montana. Any such model must incorporate the natural variability in the environment, because the vagaries of climate can have enormous effects on ecological processes. Therefore, the model is a stochastic one, i.e., it contains random variation in climatic variables. Such stochastic model structure is important because it helps to educate the user that it is impossible to predict precisely the consequences of wolf recovery. It is not the purpose of this effort to offer recommendations for whether wolf recovery should take place, but rather to provide resource managers with an additional tool which will assist them in making that decision.

Conformation of Ribosomes from Escherichia Coli

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
M. Boublik ◽  
W. Hellmann ◽  
F. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
And Function

The present knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of ribosomes is far too limited to enable a complete understanding of the various roles which ribosomes play in protein biosynthesis. The spatial arrangement of proteins and ribonuclec acids in ribosomes can be analysed in many ways. Determination of binding sites for individual proteins on ribonuclec acid and locations of the mutual positions of proteins on the ribosome using labeling with fluorescent dyes, cross-linking reagents, neutron-diffraction or antibodies against ribosomal proteins seem to be most successful approaches. Structure and function of ribosomes can be correlated be depleting the complete ribosomes of some proteins to the functionally inactive core and by subsequent partial reconstitution in order to regain active ribosomal particles.

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