scholarly journals Oligocene-Neogene lithospheric-scale reactivation of Mesozoic terrane accretionary structures in the Alaska Range suture zone, southern Alaska, USA: Comment

Author(s):  
Grant Lowey

Waldien et al. (2021) present new bedrock geologic mapping, U-Pb geochronology, and 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology from the eastern Alaska Range in south-central Alaska to determine the burial and exhumation history of metamorphic rocks associated with the Alaska Range suture zone, interpret the history of faults responsible for the burial and exhumation of the metamorphic rocks, and speculate on the relative importance of the Alaska Range suture zone and related structures during Cenozoic reactivation. They also propose that ultramafic rocks in their Ann Creek map area in south-central Alaska (herein referred to as the “Ann Creek ultramafic complex”) correlate with the Pyroxenite Creek ultramafic complex in southwestern Yukon, and that this correlation is “consistent with other estimates of >400 km” of offset on the Denali fault. However, despite Waldien et al.’s (2021) claim that the purportedly offset ultramafic rocks are “similar” and that characteristics of the Ann Creek ultramafic complex “make a strong case” for a faulted portion of an Alaska-type ultramafic intrusion, their paper gives short shrift in describing the Pyroxenite Creek ultramafic complex and in discussing previous estimates of displacement on the Denali fault. In Addition, Waldien et al. (2021) are either unaware of or ignore several key references of the Pyroxenite Creek ultramafic complex and estimates of displacement on the Denali fault. As a result, Waldien et al.’s (2021) claim of a “correlation” between allegedly offset ultramafic rocks is suspect, and their reference to “other estimates of >400 km” of offset on the Denali fault is incorrect, or at the very least misleading.

Tectonics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1519-1533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Fitzgerald ◽  
Sarah M. Roeske ◽  
Jeffery A. Benowitz ◽  
Steven J. Riccio ◽  
Stephanie E. Perry ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Foran ◽  
◽  
Sarah Roeske ◽  
Trevor S. Waldien ◽  
Jeffrey A. Benowitz

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco José Fonseca Ferreira ◽  
Raimundo Almeida Filho ◽  
Francisco Valdyr Da Silva

O complexo máfico/ultramáfico Campo Formoso, no estado da Bahia, é constituído por rochas metamórficas de alto grau, derivadas de peridotitos e piroxenitos do Proterozóico Inferior. Em superfície, ele estende-se por cerca de 40 km, com larguras variando entre 100 e 1.100 metros. A despeito de encerrar as mais importantes mineralizações de cromo conhecidas no Brasil, os conhecimentos geológicos sobre o complexo ainda são bastante limitados. O profundo intemperismo e a presença de coberturas aluviais e coluviais dificultam o mapeamento geológico dessas rochas. Estimativas sobre largura e espessura do complexo em subsuperfície são importantes, visto que, por tratar-se de um corpo estratiforme, níveis mineralizados em superfície podem prolongar-se até grandes profundidades. Neste estudo, dados aeromagnéticos são analisados visando a obter informações sobre a extensão do complexo em subsuperfície. Para isso, um método interativo de modelagem de corpos magnéticos tabulares por processo de inversão foi empregado em uma área selecionada, onde ocorrem alguns dos mais importantes depósitos de cromo conhecidos no complexo. A técnica de modelagem empregada permite o cálculo de parâmetros tais como mergulho, largura e espessura de corpos de geometria simples, magnetizados por indução, remanência, ou ambos. O algoritmo empregado usa valores iniciais para cada parâmetro do corpo a ser modelado, os quais podem ser modificados pelo analista, de modo a incorporar dados reais. Esses dados são manipulados interativamente na busca de um "melhor ajuste", de modo que os parâmetros ajustados caiam dentro de limites de tolerância especificados pelo usuário. A qualidade do ajuste é medida pela relação da soma ponderada dos desvios quadráticos entre valores observados e calculados. Tomando-se como base a geologia da área de estudo, selecionou-se o modelo de dique espesso finito tabular 2 (2¾-D) como o mais apropriado para representar o complexo. Os resultados de modelagens em três perfis indicaram corpos magnéticos com larguras variando entre 264 e 374 metros, espessuras entre 432 e 470 metros e mergulhos entre 52o e 68o para SE. MODELING AIRBORNE MAGNETIC DATA TO ESTIMATE WIDTH AND THICKNESS OF THE MAFIC/ULTRAMAFIC COMPLEX OF CAMPO FORMOSO, BAHIA STATE, BRAZIL Abstract The Campo Formoso complex is located in the Bahia State, in the northeastern part of Brazil. The complex comprises high-grade metamorphic rocks derived from peridotite and pyroxenite of Early Proterozoic age. Mafic/ultramafic rocks cover an area approximately 40 km long and 100 to 1100 m wide, with a general NE-SW direction, dipping to the southeast. This complex hosts the most important chromium deposit of Brazil. This deposit occurs in the southern portion of the complex which makes up a lower structural block, better preserved by the erosion than the northern portion. In spite of its economic importance, geological knowledge of the complex is still very limited. The deep weathering of the mafic/ultramafic rocks and the presence of alluvial and colluvial deposits difficult geological mapping. It is a stratiform complex and the mineralized layers may extend down to great depths. Therefore it is important do know the width and thickness of its rocks in subsurface. In this study airborne magnetic data were analyzed to obtain information of the subsurface extent of the Campo Formoso complex. In order to do that an interactive modeling method of tabular magnetic bodies with inversion process was applied in a selected area of the southern portion of the complex. The used model calculates depth, thickness, and dip of a simple geometry body, magnetized by induction, remanence, or both. This procedure helps to find the best possible match between a theoretical anomaly and a given set of magnetic data. The best fit is found when the adjusted parameters fall within a user-specified tolerance of values which minimize the weighted sum of squared deviations between the observed and the theoretical magnetic anomaly. When a set of parameters satisfies the best-fit criterion, confidence ranges are calculated for all parameters. According to geological data, the best model assumed for the ore body was a thick, flat-topped dyke of finite strike length 2 (2¾-D) and a finite variable depth extent. The modeling results of three profiles of the study area indicate magnetized bodies varying width from 264 to 374 m, thickness from 432 to 473m, and dipping from 52o to 68o SE.


Author(s):  
Earl B. Alexander ◽  
Roger G. Coleman ◽  
Todd Keeler-Wolfe ◽  
Susan P. Harrison

The Denali-Yukon domain occupies a broad arc that, in general, follows the path of the Denali Fault along the Alaska Range and southwestward into the Yukon Territory. An ophiolite in the northwestern corner of British Columbia that is northeast of the projected Denali fault is included in this locality. A projection of the Denali fault system southwestward from the Alaska Range passes through the southwestern part of the Ahklun Mountains physiographic province, as the province was defined by Wahrhaftig (1965), to Kuskokwim Bay between the mouth of the Kuskowim River and Cape Newenham. Three mafic–ultramafic complexes on the southwestern edge of the Ahklun Mountains province are included in this domain. Glaciers covered this entire domain during the Pleistocene, and mountain glaciers and ice caps are still present at the higher elevations. Permafrost is currently discontinuous. The highest mountain in North America (Mt. McKinley, 6194 m) is in the Alaska Range, but the ultramafic rocks are all at much lower elevations. The climate is very cold throughout the domain, with severe winters and short summers. The mean annual precipitation ranges from 45 to150 cm in the Ahklun Mountains, from 30 to 60 cm in the Alaska Range, and from 30 to 75 cm, or more, in the Atlin area of northwestern British Columbia, which is in the rain shadow of the Coast Mountains. The greatest precipitation is during summers, from June or July to September or October. The frostfree period is on the order of 60–90 days, or shorter, but it may be longer in some of the Atlin area of British Columbia. Localities 9-1 through 9-3 are from Cape Newenham northeastward in the Ahklun Mountains. The ultramafic rocks in the Cape Newenham area were accreted to North America by north directed thrust faults during the Late Triassic and Middle Jurassic time. Localities 9-4 through 9-7 are in the Alaska Range. Locality 9-8 is along a projection of the Denali fault to the eastern edge of the Coast Ranges in British Columbia.


Author(s):  
Trevor S. Waldien ◽  
Sarah M. Roeske ◽  
Jeffrey A. Benowitz ◽  
Evan Twelker ◽  
Meghan S. Miller

Terrane accretion forms lithospheric-scale fault systems that commonly experience long and complex slip histories. Unraveling the evolution of these suture zone fault systems yields valuable information regarding the relative importance of various upper crustal structures and their linkage through the lithosphere. We present new bedrock geologic mapping and geochronology data documenting the geologic evolution of reactivated shortening structures and adjacent metamorphic rocks in the Alaska Range suture zone at the inboard margin of the Wrangellia composite terrane in the eastern Alaska Range, Alaska, USA. Detrital zircon uranium-lead (U-Pb) age spectra from metamorphic rocks in our study area reveal two distinct metasedimentary belts. The Maclaren schist occupies the inboard (northern) belt, which was derived from terranes along the western margin of North America during the mid- to Late Cretaceous. In contrast, the Clearwater metasediments occupy the outboard (southern) belt, which was derived from arcs built on the Wrangellia composite terrane during the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. A newly discovered locality of Alaska-type zoned ultramafic bodies within the Clearwater metasediments provides an additional link to the Wrangellia composite terrane. The Maclaren and Clearwater metasedimentary belts are presently juxtaposed by the newly identified Valdez Creek fault, which is an upper crustal reactivation of the Valdez Creek shear zone, the Late Cretaceous plate boundary that initially brought them together. 40Ar/39Ar mica ages reveal independent post-collisional thermal histories of hanging wall and footwall rocks until reactivation localized on the Valdez Creek fault after ca. 32 Ma. Slip on the Valdez Creek fault expanded into a thrust system that progressed southward to the Broxson Gulch fault at the southern margin of the suture zone and eventually into the Wrangellia terrane. Detrital zircon U-Pb age spectra and clast assemblages from fault-bounded Cenozoic gravel deposits indicate that the thrust system was active during the Oligocene and into the Pliocene, likely as a far-field result of ongoing flat-slab subduction and accretion of the Yakutat microplate. The Valdez Creek fault was the primary reactivated structure in the suture zone, likely due to its linkage with the reactivated boundary zone between the Wrangellia composite terrane and North America in the lithospheric mantle.


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