The Bengal Basin accommodates an extremely thick Cenozoic sedimentary succession that derived from the uplifted Himalayan and Indo-Burman Orogenic Belts in response to the subduction of the Indian Plate beneath the Eurasian and Burmese plates. The Hatia Trough is a proven petroleum province that occupies much of the southern Bengal Basin. However, the style of deformation, kinematics, and possible timing of structural initiation in the Hatia Trough and the relationship of this deformation to the frontal fold-thrust system in the outer wedge (namely, the Chittagong Tripura Fold Belt) of the Indo-Burman subduction system to the east are largely unknown. Therefore, we carried out a structural interpretation across the eastern Hatia Trough and western Chittagong Tripura Fold Belt based on 2D seismic reflection data. Our result suggests that the syn-kinematic packages correspond to the Pliocene Tipam Group and Pleistocene Dupitila Formation. This implies that the structural development in the western Chittagong Tripura Fold Belt took place from the Pliocene. In the Hatia Trough, the timing of structural activation is slightly later (since the Plio-Pleistocene). In general, fold intensity and structural complexity gradually increase towards the east. The presence of reverse faults with minor strike-slip motion along the frontal thrust system in the outer wedge is also consistent with the regional transpressional structures of the Indo-Burman subduction system. However, to the west, there is no evidence for strike-slip deformation in the Hatia Trough. The restored sections show that the amount of E-W shortening in the Hatia Trough is very low (maximum 1.2%). In contrast, to the east, the amount of shortening is high (maximum 13.5%) in the western margin of the Chittagong Tripura Fold Belt. In both the areas, the key trapping mechanism includes anticlinal traps, although, stratigraphic and combinational traps are possible, but it requires further evaluation.