Production of cumulative particles and light nuclear fragments at high p T values beyond the fragmentation region of nuclei in pA collisions at a proton energy of 50 GeV

Objective:This study was aimed at conducting a pharmacokinetic evaluation of metformin in rabbit plasma samples using rapid and sensitive HPLC method and UV detection.Methods:Acetonitrile was used for protein precipitation in the preparation of plasma samples. Reverse phase chromatography technique with silica gel column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) at 30°was used for the separation purpose. Methanol and phosphate buffer (pH 3.2) mixture was used as a mobile phase with flow rate 0.8 ml/min. The wavelength of UV detector was adjusted at 240 nm.Results:The calibration curve was linear in a range of 0.1-1 µg/ml with R² = 0.9982. The precision (RSD, %) values were less than 2%, whereas, accuracy of method was higher than 92.37 %. The percentage recovery values ranged between 90.14 % and 94.97 %. LOD and LOQ values were 25 ng/ml and 60 ng/ml, respectively. Cmax and AUC0-t values were found to be 1154.67 ± 243.37 ng/ml and 7281.83 ± 210.84 ng/ml.h, respectively after treating rabbits with a formulation containing 250 mg metformin.Conclusion:Based on the above findings, it can be concluded that present method is simple, precise, rapid, accurate and specific and thus, can be efficiently used for the pharmacokinetic study of metformin.

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Target rescattering corrections to heavy flavour production off nuclei in the projectile fragmentation region

Zeitschrift für Physik C Particles and Fields ◽

10.1007/bf01571310 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 105-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Braun

Keyword(s):

Projectile Fragmentation ◽

Fragmentation Region

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Statherian (ca. 1714–1680 Ma) Extension-Related Magmatism and Deformation in the Southwestern Korean Peninsula and Its Geological Significance: Constraints from the Petrological, Structural, Geochemical and Geochronological Studies of Newly Identified Granitoids

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11060557 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 557

Author(s):

Byung-Choon Lee ◽

Weon-Seo Kee ◽

Uk-Hwan Byun ◽

Sung-Won Kim

Keyword(s):

Korean Peninsula ◽

Tectonic Setting ◽

Alkali Feldspar ◽

Ductile Deformation ◽

Southwestern Part ◽

The North ◽

Deformation Event ◽

Geochemical Analyses ◽

A Minor ◽

T Values

In this study, petrological, structural, geochemical, and geochronological analyses of the Statherian alkali feldspar granite and porphyritic alkali feldspar granite in the southwestern part of the Korean Peninsula were conducted to examine petrogenesis of the granitoids and their tectonic setting. Zircon U-Pb dating revealed that the two granites formed around 1.71 Ga and 1.70–1.68 Ga, respectively. The results of the geochemical analyses showed that both of the granites have a high content of K2O, Nb, Ta, and Y, as well as high FeOt/MgO and Ga/Al ratios. Both granites have alkali-calcic characteristics with a ferroan composition, indicating an A-type affinity. Zircon Lu-Hf isotopic compositions yielded negative εHf(t) values (−3.5 to −10.6), indicating a derivation from ancient crustal materials. Both granite types underwent ductile deformation and exhibited a dextral sense of shear with a minor extension component. Based on field relationships and zircon U-Pb dating, it was considered that the deformation event postdated the emplacement of the alkali feldspar granite and terminated soon after the emplacement of the porphyritic alkali feldspar granite in an extensional setting. These data indicated that there were extension-related magmatic activities accompanying ductile deformation in the southwestern part of the Korean Peninsula during 1.71–1.68 Ga. The Statherian extension-related events are well correlated with those in the midwestern part of the Korean and eastern parts of the North China Craton.

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Constraints on the formation of the giant Daheishan porphyry Mo deposit (NE China) from whole-rock and accessory mineral geochemistry

Journal of Petrology ◽

10.1093/petrology/egab018 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kai Xing ◽

Qihai Shu ◽

David R Lentz

Keyword(s):

High Water ◽

Accessory Mineral ◽

Ne China ◽

Accessory Minerals ◽

Slab Rollback ◽

Continental Arc ◽

Arc Setting ◽

Porphyry Mo Deposit ◽

T Values ◽

Water Contents

Abstract There are more than 90 porphyry (or skarn) Mo deposits in northeastern China with Jurassic or Cretaceous ages. These are thought to have formed mainly in a continental arc setting related to the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific oceanic plate in the Jurassic and subsequent slab rollback in the early Cretaceous. The Jurassic Daheishan porphyry Mo deposit is one of the largest Mo deposits in NE China, which contains 1.09 Mt Mo with an average Mo grade of 0.07%. To better understand the factors that could have controlled Mo mineralization at Daheishan, and potentially in other similar porphyry Mo deposits in NE China, the geochemical and isotopic compositions of the ore-related granite porphyry and biotite granodiorite, and the magmatic accessory minerals apatite, titanite and zircon from the Daheishan intrusions, were investigated so as to evaluate the potential roles that magma oxidation states, water contents, sulfur and metal concentrations could have played in the formation of the deposit. Magmatic apatite and titanite from the causative intrusions show similar εNd(t) values from -1.1 to 1.4, corresponding to TDM2 ages ranging from 1040 to 840 Ma, which could be accounted for by a mixing model through the interaction of mantle-derived basaltic melts with the Precambrian lower crust. The Ce and Eu anomalies of the magmatic accessory minerals have been used as proxies for magma redox state, and the results suggest that the ore-forming magmas are highly oxidized, with an estimated ΔFMQ range of + 1.8 to + 4.1 (+2.7 in average). This is also consistent with the high whole-rock Fe2O3/FeO ratios (1.3–26.4). The Daheishan intrusions display negligible Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.7–1.1) and have relatively high Sr/Y ratios (40–94) with adakitic signatures; they also have relatively high Sr/Y ratios in apatite and titanite. These suggest that the fractionation of amphibole rather than plagioclase is dominant during the crystallization of the ore-related magmas, which further indicates a high magmatic water content (e.g., >5 wt%). The magmatic sulfur concentrations were calculated using available partitioning models for apatite from granitoids, and the results (9–125 ppm) are indistinguishable from other mineralized, subeconomic and barren intrusions. Furthermore, Monte Carlo modelling has been conducted to simulate the magmatic processes associated with the formation of the Daheishan Mo deposit, and the result reveals that a magma volume of ∼280 km3 with ∼10 ppm Mo was required to form the Mo ores containing 1.09 Mt Mo in Daheishan. The present study suggests that a relatively large volume of parental magmas with high oxygen fugacities and high water contents is essential for the generation of a giant porphyry Mo deposit like Daheishan, whereas a specific magma composition (e.g., with unusually high Mo and/or S concentrations), might be less critical.

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Clusters of Identical New Mutations Can Account for the “Overdispersed” Molecular Clock

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/147.1.339 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 147 (1) ◽

pp. 339-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Haiying Huai ◽

R C Woodruff

Keyword(s):

Population Dynamics ◽

Cell Differentiation ◽

Germ Cell ◽

Molecular Clock ◽

Germ Cell Differentiation ◽

Multiple Copies ◽

Premeiotic Clusters ◽

T Values ◽

Independent Mutant ◽

New Mutations

Abstract Germ-cell mutations may occur during meiosis, giving rise to independent mutant gametes in a Poisson process, or before meiosis, giving rise to multiple copies of identical mutant gametes at a much higher probability than the Poisson expectation. We report that the occurrence of these early premeiotic clusters of new identical mutant alleles increases the variance-to-mean ratio of mutation rate (R(u) > 1). This leads to an expected variance-to-mean ratio (R(t)) of the molecular clock that is always greater than one and may cover the observed range of R(t) values. Hence, the molecular clock may not be overdispersed based on this new mutational model that includes clusters. To get a better estimation of R(u) and R(t), one needs measurements of the intrageneration variation of reproductive success (Ni/Ne(i)), population dynamics (k‒i), and the proportion of new mutations that occur in clusters (rc), especially those formed before germ-cell differentiation.

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Proton energy loss spectroscopy for surface layer analysis in the monolayer regime

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms ◽

10.1016/0168-583x(86)90271-5 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 15 (1-6) ◽

pp. 142-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Tomoki Oku ◽

Jun-ichi Kanasaki ◽

Noriaki Matsunami ◽

Noriaki Itoh ◽

Kozi Matsuda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Layer ◽

Energy Loss ◽

Proton Energy ◽

Layer Analysis

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Three-Dimensional Computerized Anthropometry of the Nose: Landmark Representation Compared to Surface Analysis

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/06-021 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 278-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Virgilio F. Ferrario ◽

Fabrizio Mian ◽

Redento Peretta ◽

Riccardo Rosati ◽

Chiarella Sforza

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Digital Data ◽

Limits Of Agreement ◽

B Splines ◽

Surface Areas ◽

Using Data ◽

Difference Volume ◽

T Values ◽

Plaster Models ◽

Plaster Casts

Objective: To compare three-dimensional nasal measurements directly made on subjects to those made on plaster casts, and nasal dimensions obtained with a surface-based approach to values obtained with a landmark representation. Methods: Soft-tissue nasal landmarks were directly digitized on 20 healthy adults. Stone casts of their noses were digitized and mathematically reconstructed using nonuniform rational B-splines (NURBS) curves. Linear distances, angles, volumes and surface areas were computed using facial landmarks and NURBS-reconstructed models (surface-based approach). Results: Measurements on the stone casts were somewhat smaller than values obtained directly from subjects (differences between −0.05 and −1.58 mm). Dahlberg's statistic ranged between 0.73 and 1.47 mm. Significant (p < .05) t values were found for 4 of 15 measurements. The surface-based approach gave values 3.5 (volumes) and 2.1 (surface area) times larger than those computed with the landmark-based method. The two values were significantly related (volume, r = 0.881; surface, r = 0.924; p < .001), the resulting equations estimated actual values well (mean difference, volume −0.01 mm3, SD 1.47, area 0.05 cm2, SD 1.44); limits of agreement between −2.89 and 2.87 mm3 (volume); −2.88 and 2.78 cm2 (area). Conclusions: Considering the characteristics of the two methods, and for practical purposes, nasal distances and angles obtained on plaster models were comparable to digital data obtained directly from subjects. Surface areas and volumes were best obtained using a surface-based approach, but could be estimated using data provided by the landmark representation.

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Geochronology, Geochemistry, and Pb–Hf Isotopic Composition of Mineralization-Related Magmatic Rocks in the Erdaohezi Pb–Zn Polymetallic Deposit, Great Xing’an Range, Northeast China

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min10030274 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 274

Author(s):

Zhitao Xu ◽

Jinggui Sun ◽

Xiaolong Liang ◽

Zhikai Xu ◽

Xiaolei Chu

Keyword(s):

Lower Crust ◽

Western Slope ◽

Quartz Porphyry ◽

Late Mesozoic ◽

Hypabyssal Intrusions ◽

Polymetallic Mineralization ◽

Great Xing’An Range ◽

Hf Isotopic Composition ◽

Back Arc ◽

T Values

Late Mesozoic intermediate–felsic volcanics and hypabyssal intrusions are common across the western slope of the Great Xing’an Range (GXAR). Spatiotemporally, these hypabyssal intrusions are closely associated with epithermal Pb–Zn polymetallic deposits. However, few studies have investigated the petrogenesis, contributions and constraints of these Pb–Zn polymetallic mineralization-related intrusions. Therefore, we examine the representative Erdaohezi deposit and show that these mineralization-related hypabyssal intrusions are composed of quartz porphyry and andesite porphyry with concordant zircon U–Pb ages of 160.3 ± 1.4 Ma and 133.9 ± 0.9 Ma, respectively. These intrusions are peraluminous and high-K calc-alkaline or shoshonitic with high Na2O + K2O contents, enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs; e.g., Rb, Th, and U), and depletion in high field strength elements (HFSEs; e.g., Nb, Ta, Zr, and Hf), similar to continental arc intrusions. The zircon εHf(t) values range from 3.1 to 8.0, and the 176Hf/177Hf values range from 0.282780 to 0.282886, with Hf-based Mesoproterozoic TDM2 ages. No differences exist in the Pb isotope ratios among the quartz porphyry, andesite porphyry and ore body sulfide minerals. Detailed elemental and isotopic data imply that the quartz porphyry originated from a mixture of lower crust and newly underplated basaltic crust, while the andesite porphyry formed from the partial melting of Mesoproterozoic lower crust with the minor input of mantle materials. Furthermore, a magmatic–hydrothermal origin is favored for the Pb–Zn polymetallic mineralization in the Erdaohezi deposit. Integrating new and published tectonic evolution data, we suggest that the polymetallic mineralization-related magmatism in the Erdaohezi deposit occurred in a back-arc extensional environment at ~133 Ma in response to the rollback of the Paleo-Pacific Plate.

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