Dependence of the motor response time in discrimination task on the character of visual information available

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Kazennikov ◽  
Yu. S. Levik ◽  
M. I. Lipshits
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Motor Response ◽  
Discrimination Task

scholarly journals P300 in Behcet's Patients without Neurological Manifestations

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hulusi Kececi ◽  
Melih Akyol
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Behçet’S Disease ◽  
Motor Response ◽  
Behcet’S Disease ◽  
Behçet's Disease ◽  
P300 Latency ◽  
Behcet's Disease ◽  
Neurologic Involvement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Controls

ABSTRACT:Objective:Behcet's disease is the association of recurrent aphthous stomatitis with genital ulceration and eye disease. Neurologic involvement patterns include meningomyelitis, a brain stem syndrome, pyramidal and extrapyramidal abnormality and stroke. In the present study, subclinical involvement was investigated by using P300 in Behcet's patients without neurological manifestation.Methods:Fifteen patients and 15 healthy volunteers were accepted for the study. P300 from vertex (Cz) electrode sites of the 10-20 system using electrodes and motor response time were recorded.Results:Patients had significantly prolonged latencies of P300 as compared to normal controls (p=0.013) but no significant differences in amplitude (p=1.000). Patients showed a significantly delayed motor response time than controls (p=0.006). Nine patients (60 %) had P300 latency and eight patients (53.3 %) had motor response time values exceeding the mean of controls by two standard deviations.Conclusion:The findings suggest that the P300 measures and motor response time may reflect subclinical neurologic involvement in Behcet's disease.

Individuals With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Are Impaired at Explicit, But Not Implicit, Discrimination of Local Forms Embedded in Global Structures

2014 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Giersch ◽  
Bronwyn Glaser ◽  
Catherine Pasca ◽  
Mélanie Chabloz ◽  
Martin Debbané ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Local Processing ◽  
Visual Scanning ◽  
Form Discrimination ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion ◽  
Visual Form ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) are impaired at exploring visual information in space; however, not much is known about visual form discrimination in the syndrome. Thirty-five individuals with 22q11.2DS and 41 controls completed a form discrimination task with global forms made up of local elements. Affected individuals demonstrated clear impairment in detecting local, but not global, differences. Nevertheless, 22q11.2DS participants easily discriminated the same local elements when they were displayed in isolation, and further use of a prime demonstrated preserved facilitation of local processing in 22q11.2DS. These results did not differ by age or IQ. This study illustrates the impact of visuospatial impairments on form discrimination, and suggests how these difficulties may affect visual scanning in 22q11.2DS.

scholarly journals Neural encoding of reliability and validity of directional information during the preparation of targeted movements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charidimos Tzagarakis ◽  
Sarah West ◽  
Giuseppe Pellizzer
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Motor Response ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Motor Processes ◽  
Band Power ◽  
The Brain

AbstractVisual information about an upcoming target can be used to prepare an appropriate motor response and reduce its reaction time. However, when the anticipation is incorrect and the planned response must be changed, the reaction time is lengthened. Here, we investigated the brain mechanisms associated with the reliability and validity of visual information used for motor preparation. We recorded brain activity using magnetoencephalography (MEG) during a delayed reaching task in which a visual cue provided valid information about the location of the upcoming target with 50, 75 or 100% reliability. We found that reaction time increased as cue reliability decreased and that trials with invalid cues had longer reaction times than trials with valid cues. MEG channel analysis showed that beta-band power from left mid-anterior channels correlated with the reliability of the cue after cue onset but before target onset. This effect was source localized over a large motor-related cortical and subcortical network. In addition, during invalid-cue trials there was a phasic increase of theta-band power following target onset from left posterior channels, localized to the left occipito-parietal cortex. Furthermore, the theta-beta cross-frequency coupling between left mid-occipital and motor cortex also transiently increased before responses to invalid-cue trials. In conclusion, beta-band power in motor-related areas reflected the reliability of visual information used during motor preparation, whereas phasic theta-band activity signaled whether the target was at the expected location or not. These results elucidate mechanisms of interaction between attentional and motor processes.Significance StatementWe used magnetoencephalography to investigate how the brain mechanisms preparing a motor response take into account the reliability of information about the upcoming location of a target to reach, and how these mechanisms adjust when that information turns out to be incorrect. We found that during the response preparation, the power of motor-related beta-band oscillations changed with the reliability of the visual information. In addition, we found that after the onset of the target the power of the left occipito-parietal theta-band signaled whether the prior information was correct or not. The pattern of activity of the beta-band and theta-band explain the pattern of latency of responses in the task, and demonstrate how attentional and motor processes interact.

A Study on the Possibility of Applying Subliminal Visual Cue for Guiding Subject’s Attention

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Takahashi ◽  
◽  
Hirohiko Honda
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Real World ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Contrast Ratio ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Visual Cue ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Lower Contrast ◽  
Visual Disturbances

This paper presents a new warning method for increasing drivers’ sensitivity for recognizing hazardous factors in the driving environment. The method is based on a subliminal effect. In this study, the presentation of a visual cue at a lower contrast ratio than that of the background scenery was investigated as subliminal visual information instead of flashing information quickly. This method was chosen in consideration of its use in real-world driving situations where changes in ambient brightness are among the biggest visual disturbances experienced by drivers. Accordingly, it is necessary to have amethod that is applicable in the context of dynamic changes in brightness. The results of many experiments performed with a threedimensional head-mounted display show that the response time for detecting a flashing mark tended to decrease when a subliminal mark was shown in advance. A priming effect is observed for subliminal visual information. This paper also proposes a scenario for implementing this method in real vehicles.

scholarly journals Enhanced Manual and Oral Motor Reaction Time in Young Adult Female Fragile X Premutation Carriers

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 746-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi J. Goodrich-Hunsaker ◽  
Ling M. Wong ◽  
Yingratana McLennan ◽  
Flora Tassone ◽  
Danielle Harvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Motor Response ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Motor Reaction ◽  
Cgg Repeat ◽  
Oral Motor ◽  
Fragile X Premutation

AbstractA previous study reported preliminary results of enhanced processing of simple visual information in the form of faster reaction times, in female fragile X premutation carriers (fXPCs). In this study, we assessed manual and oral motor reaction times in 30 female fXPCs and 20 neurotypical (NT) controls. Participants completed two versions of the reaction time task; one version required a manual motor response and the other version required an oral motor response. Results revealed that the female fXPCs displayed faster reaction times for both manual and oral motor responses relative to NT controls. Molecular measures including CGG repeat length, FMR1 mRNA levels, and age were not associated with performance in either group. Given previously reported age and CGG repeat modulated performance on a magnitude comparison task in this same group of premutation carriers, results from the current study seem to suggest that female fXPCs may have spared basic psychomotor functionality. (JINS, 2011, 17, 746–750)

Involuntary Listening AIDS Hearing

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Frequency Region ◽  
Intensity Discrimination ◽  
Frequency Space ◽  
Auditory Intensity ◽  
Attention Orienting ◽  
Time Accuracy ◽  
Measured Response ◽  
Subsequent Target

In two experiments, I simultaneously measured response time, accuracy, and response bias in an auditory intensity discrimination task to look for evidence of stimulus-driven attention orienting in auditory frequency space. The results demonstrated that a cue tone caused an apparently involuntary orienting of attention to the cue's frequency region, allowing faster and more accurate processing of a subsequent target tone when it occurred at the same frequency as the cue than when it occurred at a different frequency. Relationships between response time, accuracy, and bias measures also allowed masking and other effects to be separated from attention-orienting effects in these experiments.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional motion perception: comparing speed and speed change discrimination for looming stimuli

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail R. I. Lee ◽  
Justin M. Ales ◽  
Julie M. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Motion In Depth ◽  
Trial Basis ◽  
Speed Perception ◽  
Speed Change ◽  
Duration Information ◽  
Speed Discrimination

AbstractJudging the speed of objects moving in three dimensions is important in our everyday lives, because we interact with objects in a three-dimensional world. However, speed perception has been seldom studied for motion in depth, particularly when using monocular cues such as looming. Here, we compared speed discrimination, and speed change discrimination, for looming stimuli, to better understand what visual information is used for these tasks. For the speed discrimination task, we manipulated the distance and duration information available, to investigate if participants were specifically using speed information. For speed change discrimination, total distance and duration were held constant, hence they could not be used to successfully perform that task. We found speed change discrimination thresholds were consistently higher than those for speed discrimination. Evidence suggested that participants used a variety of cues to complete the speed discrimination task, not always solely relying on speed. Further, our data suggested that participants may switch between cues on a trial to trial basis. We conclude that speed change discrimination for looming is more difficult than speed discrimination, and that naїve participants may not always exclusively use speed for speed discrimination.

scholarly journals Effect of prior probability on choice and response time in a motion discrimination task

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 235-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Palmer ◽  
M. K. McKinley ◽  
M. Mazurek ◽  
M. N. Shadlen
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Prior Probability ◽  
Motion Discrimination

scholarly journals Foveal feedback supports peripheral perception of both object color and form

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly B. Weldon ◽  
Alexandra Woolgar ◽  
Anina N. Rich ◽  
Mark A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Color Discrimination ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Shape Information ◽  
Visual Distractor ◽  
Novel Objects ◽  
Object Form

AbstractEvidence from neuroimaging and brain stimulation studies suggest that visual information about objects in the periphery is fed back to foveal retinotopic cortex in a separate representation that is essential for peripheral perception. The characteristics of this phenomenon has important theoretical implications for the role fovea-specific feedback might play in perception. In this work, we employed a recently developed behavioral paradigm to explore whether late disruption to central visual space impaired perception of color. First, participants performed a shape discrimination task on colored novel objects in the periphery while fixating centrally. Consistent with the results from previous work, a visual distractor presented at fixation ~100ms after presentation of the peripheral stimuli impaired sensitivity to differences in peripheral shapes more than a visual distractor presented at other stimulus onset asynchronies. In a second experiment, participants performed a color discrimination task on the same colored objects. In a third experiment, we further tested for the foveal distractor effect with stimuli restricted to a low-level feature by using homogenous color patches. These two latter experiments resulted in a similar pattern of behavior: a central distractor presented at the critical stimulus onset asynchrony impaired sensitivity to peripheral color differences, but, importantly, the magnitude of the effect depended on whether peripheral objects contained complex shape information. These results taken together suggest that feedback to the foveal confluence is a component of visual processing supporting perception of both object form and color.

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