Genetic Diversity of Populations of Mountain Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus musicus Menetries, Sciuridae, Rodentia), the Main Carrier of the Plague, in the Territory of the Central Caucasian High-Mountain Natural Focus

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 724-733
Author(s):  
E. S. Kotenev ◽  
E. A. Koteneva ◽  
L. A. Kot ◽  
A. Yu. Zhiltsova ◽  
D. V. Serdyukova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Natural Focus

scholarly journals Population Approach to Determination of the Borders and Number of Natural Plague Foci

2020 ◽  
pp. 493-502
Author(s):  
A. A. Sludsky ◽  
A. V. Boiko ◽  
M. N. Lyapin ◽  
M. A. Tarasov
Keyword(s):  
Common Vole ◽  
Small Population ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Population Approach ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Single Population ◽  
Long Term Study

Population approach to determination of the borders and number of natural plague foci implies the specialists’ acceptance of the concept that the existence of a natural plague focus is always provided by a single population of the main carrier. Motivation for our discussion of such an approach was the data of a long-term study of the Hissar natural plague focus (Tadzhikistan). The area of the focus was only 300 km2 and its functioning was maintained by a single, relatively small population of Microtus carruthersi (Thomas, 1909) – the main carrier of plague. The Hissar mountain range territories adjacent to the focus have been surveyed for plague for more than 20 years, however, no plague agent (Yersinia pestis Lehmann, Neuman 1986) has been found, despite the complete identity of the species composition of rodents and fleas. Many of the known natural plague foci are significantly larger in size than the Hissar focus and inhabited by several populations of the main carrier. For instance, in the East-Caucasian high-mountain focus, covering the area of 23,500 km2 , five groups of common vole populations (the main carrier of plague) are distinguished (Microtus arvalis Pallas, 1778). In the Tuva mountain focus, the plague agent was detected in six populations of the main carrier – the long-tailed souslik (Spermophilus undulates Pallas, 1778). In the territory of the Mojynkumsky desert natural plague focus that occupies 93,000 km2 , 17 populations of the great gerbil (Rhombomus opimus Lichtenstein, 1823) were singled out. Similar data are available for a number of other foci. Revealingly, in different populations of the main carriers, genotype differences were identified, both in rodents and the plague agent, as well as asynchrony in the plague epizooty development. Thus, the plague parasitic coenosis, operating within the boundaries and in the territory of a single population of the main carrier, constitutes an autonomous, standalone natural focus. Therefore, the foci with several populations of the main carrier are, in fact, groups of autonomous foci with a close, similar biocoenotic structure. There are many more natural (autonomous) foci within the natural plague focality zone than is widely assumed.

Low genetic diversity of a high mountain burnet moth species in the Pyrenees

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Dieker ◽  
Claudia Drees ◽  
Thomas Schmitt ◽  
Thorsten Assmann
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Moth Species

Effects of species traits on the genetic diversity of high-mountain plants: a multi-species study across the Alps and the Carpathians

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conny Thiel-Egenter ◽  
Felix Gugerli ◽  
Nadir Alvarez ◽  
Sabine Brodbeck ◽  
Elżbieta Cieślak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Mountain Plants ◽  
Species Study

scholarly journals ISSR analysis points to relict character of Aconitum bucovinense Zapał. (Ranunculaceae) at the range margin

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Boroń ◽  
Joanna Zalewska-Gałosz ◽  
Agnieszka Sutkowska ◽  
Bogdan Zemanek ◽  
Józef Mitka
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Peripheral Populations ◽  
Marginal Populations ◽  
Issr Analysis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
Scale Population

<p><em>Aconitum bucovinense</em>, a high-mountain species endemic to the Eastern and Southern Carpathians, including the Apuseni Mountains, is legally protected and classified in the Polish Red Data Book of Plants. It attains its NW geographical range in two peripheral populations in the Western Bieszczady Mountains (Polish Eastern Carpathians), isolated by a distance of 13.1 km. PCR-ISSR analysis has been used to elucidate the within- and among-populational levels of species genetic diversity. A UPGMA and block clustering showed discreteness of the populations and subpopulations based on ISSR banding pattern. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) revealed significant divergence (<em>P </em>= 0.024) of the two marginal populations and highly significant (<em>P </em>&lt; 0.001) differentiation of subpopulations within populations. The theta index calculated for the two marginal populations and the core population in the Carpathians was 0.131 ±0.030 S.D. Most of the population-genetic diversity indices of the mar­ginal populations were not different from those in the core area but the Shannon’s and rarity indices were lower in the marginal populations. It seems that founder effect and subsequent genetic bottleneck resulted in a fine-scale population genetic structure. The marginal populations under study need a relevant recovery program to maintain their genetic diversity.</p>

scholarly journals Lessons Learned from and Prospects of Using Mobile Laboratories for Epidemiological Surveillance over Plague, Other Particularly Dangerous, Natural-Focal, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
I. N. Sharova ◽  
T. Yu. Krasovskaya ◽  
E. V. Kazorina ◽  
A. V. Kazantsev ◽  
M. V. Proskuryakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Mobile Laboratory ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Bacteriological Analysis ◽  
Cross Border

The review presents the materials on the use of mobile laboratories, developed in the Russian Federation, in the framework of four main areas: monitoring of territories to identify the circulation of pathogens of natural-focal infectious diseases; monitoring of territories during the exacerbation of the epizootic situation; participation in the elimination of outbreaks of infectious diseases; monitoring of territories to control and predict the epidemiological and epizootiologic situation in preparation for mass events. The tactical and technical characteristics and the procedure for organizing the operation of the mobile laboratory for monitoring and diagnostics mounted on the platform of the KamAZ chassis are considered. A distinctive feature of the laboratory from the existing Russian and foreign counterparts is the availability of the necessary conditions for conducting research using bacteriological analysis, rapid and accelerated diagnostic methods, and performing a full cycle of works – from the preparatory stage to the destruction of infected material. Hightech equipment allows the realization of two research schemes: the first – bacteriological analysis alongside the PCR, which ensures high reliability of the results; the second – conducting the PCR at the first stage, and when identifying genetic markers of the pathogen – performing bacteriological analysis of positive samples in order to isolate the culture of the pathogen and identify it subsequently. The second scheme will reduce the volume of bacteriological studies; make changes in the tactics of epizootiological survey. Tests of the mobile laboratory have demonstrated the effectiveness of its use in the epizootiological examination of natural plague foci, including cross-border ones. Owing to the use of a mobile laboratory in the Gorno-Altaisk high-mountain natural focus of plague, a new epizootic site was identified, located in a remote area, used by the population as a summer pasture for grazing domestic animals. The use of mobile laboratories will strengthen the laboratory base of institutions that monitor particularly dangerous, natural-focal and other dangerous infectious diseases; will help to bring the advanced diagnostic technologies directly to the natural focus, reduce the risk of epidemic complications due to plague and other particularly dangerous infections in cross-border natural foci.

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