CHARACTERISTICS OF NATURAL TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS FOCI IN THE TOMSK REGION

This paper characterizes the current epidemiological situation of tick-borne encephalitis in the Tomsk region. There has been a decrease in the incidence of TBE for 10 years. There was made an attempt to typify the epidemiological situation of tick-borne encephalitis nidus on the basis of analysis of epidemiological data of the recent years (2011-2020) in the context of administrative territories of Tomsk region. The typification of the foci of TBE was carried out in the context of the administrative territories of the region. Areas of high, medium, low risk of TBE infection are identified. The territories of the city of Tomsk and the Tomsk region, where the maximum infection rates are recorded (66-88 cases per year), are referred to the high-risk zone. Keywords: monitoring, morbidity, tick-borne encephalitis, natural focal infections, intensive indicator.

СLONORCHIASIS IN PRIMORSKY KRAI

Natural foci of clonorchiasis are localized on the territory of Primorsky Territory. The incidence of clonorchiasis ranged from 0.57 per 100 thousand population in 2014 (10 cases) to 1.5 per 100 thousand in 2012 (28 cases), and in 2010 (35 cases) to 1.9 per 100 thousand population is the maximum level. Analyzed 100 case histories of patients with clonorchiasis. Women predominated (63%). The age of the patients ranged from 3 to 77 years, the average age was 37 years. 82% of cases fell on the age of 18-70 years, 15% - on children from 3 to 18 years old, 3% - people over 70 years old. In 26% of patients, clonorchiasis proceeded in an acute form, in 74% - in a subclinical form. 89% had C. sinensis cleansing after taking praziquantel. Key words: clonorchiasis, acute, chronic, C. sinensis, Primorsky Krai.

MODERN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION ON PARASITIC DISEASES IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

The analysis of the epidemiological situation on parasitic diseases for 2008-2019 showed an upward trend. The prevalence of intestinal infections is one of the most important indicators of social and sanitary wellbeing. According to the age category, children of preschool and school age are more susceptible to invasion. According to the gender distribution, there is a relatively high prevalence in women. During the analyzed period, the parasitic structure throughout the republic among the examined individuals was formed from eleven nosological forms that are more common in the country: enterobiosis, giardiasis, ascariasis, hymenolepidosis, teniarynchosis, teniosis, echinococcosis, alveococcosis, dicrocelesis, fasciolosis, trichocephalosis. During the analyzed period in the Kyrgyz Republic (KR), the average long-term incidence of parasitoses per 1000 examined persons was 34.5, the minimum - 32.6 (2008) and the maximum-38.4 (2012). Key words: invasion, mixed invasion, enterobiasis, ascariasis, echinococcosis, giardiasis, lesion, longterm indicator.

SOME ASPECTS OF VETERINARY AND SANITARY EXAMINATION OF WILD DUCK MEAT IN SARCOCYSTOSIS

Now hunting for wild animals and birds is widespread in the Russian Federation. However, the veterinary and sanitary examination was not fully elaborated for a number of parasitic diseases, in particular for sarcocystosis of ducks. It is one of the most widespread avian diseases and it is increasingly being encountered by biologists, hunters and veterinarians. The article presents parameters for evaluating the meat of clinically healthy ducks and those infected with sarcocysts. The results obtained allow us to conclude about the prevalence and the need to improve the veterinary and sanitary assessment of meat and the system of preventive measures for sarcocystic invasion. Key words: sarcocystosis, hunting, ducks.

FATAL RATES OF MALARIA PATIENTS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN 2020

The article presents data on 7 deaths of patients with malaria (Plasmodium falciparum) in 2020 in the Russian Federation, errors in the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory diagnostics of malaria. The use of preventive measures and effective drugs, adherence to the Protocol for the treatment of patients with malaria of various types, improving the knowledge of medical personnel of medical and preventive medical organizations are especially necessary during a pandemic of a new coronavirus infection for the timely differential diagnosis of diseases. Key words: malaria, clinical diagnostics, treatment, deaths.

A CASE OF BALANTIDIASIS IN HUMANS

The article describes a clinical case of balantidiasis, an invasive protozoal zoonotic disease that is relatively rarely diagnosed in humans. The development of invasion is accompanied by serious risks of penetration of the pathogen into the tissues, as a rule, an erosive and ulcerative process develops in the large intestine. The relevance of invasion remains in modern civilization both in terms of the clinic and treatment, and the epidemiology of balantidiasis. Key words: infusoria, balantidium, infusory dysentery, protozoosis, human parasitic disease.

THE ABUNDANCE OF BORRELIA INIXODID TICKS OF BAIKAL REGION

Ixodid ticks (n=3714) from natural foci of Baikal Region (Irkutsk Region and Republic of Buryatia) have been examined for pathogenic Borrelia DNA during 2013-2010. On average 40.9 % of the samples were positive for Borrelia markers during the survey period; the range of variantion was – 32–55 %. The increasing of infection rate in ticks is traced in multi-year trends. During the ticks’ activity season, maximal infection rates have been noted at the end of the season (60 %), minimal – at the very beginning of the season (28,6 %) and on the peak of vectors’ abundance (36-39 %). The significant geographical, species and age differences have been detected in Borrelia infection rate of Ixodid ticks. Borrelia DNA have been detected considerably more often in taiga tick (the main vector of Ixodid tick borrelioses in Siberia) and in its nymphs more often, than in adult ticks. There was no difference in the infection rate of male and female ticks, and also between ticks, collected from the vegetation and from human and animals. The ratio og genotyped Borrelia species had been as follows: 64.2 % – B. garinii, 21,7 % – B. afzelii, 14,2 % – B. miyamotoi. Key words: Ixodid ticks, pathogenic Borrelia, PCR, genotyping, Baikal Region.

IS BLASTOCYST INVASION A COMORBID PATHOLOGY?

Blastocystis spp. - unicellular protozoa, widespread in the human population, the clinical significance of which is being discussed. The aim and objectives of the work: to study the prevalence of Blastocystis spp. in patients with gastrointestinal diseases and individuals with immunodeficiency states (HIV-positive patients), to determine the presence of specific gastrointestinal symptoms in blastocyst invasion (BI). Testing for Blastocystis spp. persons who have not been diagnosed with gastrointestinal tract disease (253) - comparison group (CG); patients who underwent inpatient or outpatient treatment for gastrointestinal diseases - GI-1 (182); people living with HIV (PLHIV) - GI-2 (294). With the consent of the patient, data on the duration of the illness and complaints were obtained. In IG-2 patients, the immune status, the level of HIV viral load, as well as the receipt and duration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) were determined. Detection rate of Blastocystis spp. in the CG was (22.9 ± 3.0)%; in GI-1 - (29.7 ± 4.0)%, in the PLHIV group - (14.3 ± 2.0)%. In the comparison group, invasion was more often detected in people 20-29 years old, in GI-1 - in people 50-60 years old, GI-2 - in 30-39 years old. Statistically significant differences in the detection of Blastocystis spp. those related to sex and age were absent in all groups. BI was most often found in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases - (43.5 ± 8.4)%. In patients with irritable bowel syndrome, the of frequency of detection of Blastocystis spp. practically did not differ from the average indicator in the GI. Identification of Blastocystis spp. in PLHIV was associated with immune status, the level of HIV viral load in the patient, and also receiving ART. The «risk group» was PLHIV with a CD4-lymphocyte count of less than 200 cells / μl, who did not receive ART. Comparison of the patient survey data and the results of the parasitological examination indicates the absence of specific complaints in BI. BI often is а comorbid pathology in inflammatory bowel diseases or immunosuppressive conditions, which should be taken into account in the therapy of such patients. Key words: blastocyst infection; gastrointestinal diseases; HIV infection.

CURRENT EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION ON ECHINOCOCCOSIS IN BISHKEK

The article provides data on the current epidemiological situation on the incidence of echinococcosis in residents of Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic (KR). The long-term dynamics of the incidence of echinococcosis for the period 2000 - 2020 has been analyzed. According to official data, the incidence has decreased, if in 2000 the PI was 15,1, then in 2020 – 3,6. 2000 to 2020 the average long-term intensive indicator was 7,350 per 10 thousand population, the minimum – 3,6 per 10 thousand population (2020) and the maximum – 15,10 per 10 thousand population (2000). Key words: echinococcosis, alveococcosis (multi-chamber echinococcosis), retrospective analysis, epidemiological situation, morbidity, invasion, damage, Bishkek.

ON DIROFILARIA (RAILLIET ET HENRY, 1911) INFECTION OD BLOOD-SUCKING MOSQUITOES IN TOMSK REGION

A study of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae), potential vectors of dirofilariae, in Tomsk region during the period from 2017 to 2020 was carried out. 27 species of mosquitoes belonging to 5 genera (Aedes, Coquilettidia, Culiseta, Culex, Anopheles) were identified. Positive findings were noted in 9 species: Ae. rossicus, Ae. behningi, Ae. cantans, Ae. communis, Ae. diantaeus, Ae. euedes, Ae. excrucians, Ae. punctor and Coq. richiardii. Total infection of mosquitoes of subfamily Culicinae was 1.5±0.2%, D. immitis - 0.06±0.05%, D. repens - 1.4±0.2%. More than 80% of the infected females belonged to the eudominant or dominant species and were found mainly in the forest park zones of Tomsk. Keywords: blood-sucking mosquitos, Culicidae, intermediate hosts, Dirophilariasis, microfilaria, extensiveness of the invasion