Effects of Environmental Conditions on Spring Arrival, the Timing of Nesting, and the Reproductive Effort of Ross’s Gull (Phodostethia rosea) in the Delta of Lena River, Yakutia

Ctenotus skinks are the most diverse and abundant diurnal reptile genus at Olympic Dam, in the South Australian arid zone. The home range, demography, reproduction and diet of five syntopic Ctenotus species was studied over a 6-year period in chenopod shrubland. Longevity frequently exceeded three years in C. regius, four years in C. schomburgkii and five years in C. leonhardii, with a 7-year-old specimen of C. leonhardii being recorded. Females of most species tended to be larger and lived longer than males. Two eggs were typically laid by each species in early summer. Annual reproductive effort, particularly in C. leonhardii, varied considerably depending upon the prevailing environmental conditions. All local species apparently occupied home ranges, with maximum recapture radii in different species of 40–60 m. Ctenotus appear to be unspecialised insectivores, although plant material and lizards are sometimes eaten by the larger species.

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Extreme climatic events in relation to global change and their impact on life histories

Current Zoology ◽

10.1093/czoolo/57.3.375 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 375-389 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Juan Moreno ◽

Anders Pape Møller

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Life Histories ◽

Reproductive Effort ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Extreme Weather ◽

Reproductive Failure ◽

Adult Survival ◽

Extreme Climatic Events ◽

Empirical Tests ◽

Living Organisms

Abstract Extreme weather conditions occur at an increasing rate as evidenced by higher frequency of hurricanes and more extreme precipitation and temperature anomalies. Such extreme environmental conditions will have important implications for all living organisms through greater frequency of reproductive failure and reduced adult survival. We review examples of reproductive failure and reduced survival related to extreme weather conditions. Phenotypic plasticity may not be sufficient to allow adaptation to extreme weather for many animals. Theory predicts reduced reproductive effort as a response to increased stochasticity. We predict that patterns of natural selection will change towards truncation selection as environmental conditions become more extreme. Such changes in patterns of selection may facilitate adaptation to extreme events. However, effects of selection on reproductive effort are difficult to detect. We present a number of predictions for the effects of extreme weather conditions in need of empirical tests. Finally, we suggest a number of empirical reviews that could improve our ability to judge the effects of extreme environmental conditions on life history.

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Growth dynamics of the branching system in grasses: an architecture-based methodology for quantitative evaluation applied to two genotypes of Paspalum vaginatum

Rodriguésia ◽

10.1590/2175-7860201970081 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 ◽

Author(s):

Liliana Teresa Fabbri ◽

Pedro Insausti ◽

William B. Batista ◽

Gabriel H. Rua

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Production Rate ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Reproductive Effort ◽

Growth Dynamics ◽

Vegetative Cover ◽

Branching Order ◽

Aerial Growth ◽

Paspalum Vaginatum ◽

Branching System

Abstract The aerial growth dynamics of the shoots of the widespread turfgrass Paspalum vaginatum was studied. With the aim of identifying quantitative differential features between two genotypes, plants were cultivated outdoors in pots during two consecutive summers. Axes of different branching order were marked for periodical observation to quantify internode production rate, axis production rate, covering rate and reproductive effort. The genotypes differed significantly in the following quantitative features: plagiotropic vs. orthotropic axes proportion, internode production rate, flowering vs. vegetative tiller ratio, vegetative cover and spatial distribution of the canopy. Knowledge of these features may help to understand the great plasticity and adaptability of this species to multiple environmental conditions.

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Shorebirds adjust spring arrival schedules with variable environmental conditions: Four decades of assessment on the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska

Trends and Traditions: Avifaunal Change in Western North America ◽

10.21199/swb3.16 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 296-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Craig R. Ely ◽

Brian J. McCaffery ◽

Robert E. Gill

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Spring Arrival

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Patterns of annual and seasonal immune investment in a temporal reproductive opportunist

10.1101/651158 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Elizabeth M. Schultz ◽

Christian E. Gunning ◽

Jamie M. Cornelius ◽

Dustin G. Reichard ◽

Kirk C. Klasing ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Reproductive Effort ◽

Reproductive Investment ◽

Physiological Measures ◽

Ideal System ◽

Environmental Fluctuations ◽

Conifer Seeds ◽

One Year ◽

Seasonally Breeding ◽

Potential Interactions

AbstractHistorically, investigations of how organisms’ investments in immunity fluctuate in response to environmental and physiological changes have focused on seasonally breeding organisms that confine reproduction to seasons with mild environmental conditions and abundant resources. Consequently, knowledge of how harsh environmental conditions and reproductive effort may interact to shape investment in immunity remains limited. The red crossbill, Loxia curvirostra, is a songbird that can breed on both short, cold and long, warm days if conifer seeds are abundant. This species provides an ideal system to investigate the influence of environmental fluctuations, reproductive investment, and their potential interactions on patterns of immune investment. In this study, we measured inter- and intra-annual immune variation in crossbills across four consecutive summers (2010-2013) and multiple seasons within one year (summer 2011-spring 2012) to explore how physiological and environmental factors impact this immune variation. Overall, the data suggest that immunity varies seasonally, among years, and in response to environmental fluctuations in food resources, precipitation, and temperature, but less in response to physiological measures such as reproduction. Collectively, this system demonstrates that a reproductively flexible organism may breed when conditions allow simultaneous investment in survival-related processes rather than at the expense of them.

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Effects of environmental conditions on reproductive effort and nest success of Arctic-breeding shorebirds

Ibis ◽

10.1111/ibi.12571 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 160 (3) ◽

pp. 608-623 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Emily L. Weiser ◽

Stephen C. Brown ◽

Richard B. Lanctot ◽

H. River Gates ◽

Kenneth F. Abraham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Reproductive Effort ◽

Nest Success

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Allometry of Corispermum macrocarpum in response to soil nutrient, water, and population density

Botany ◽

10.1139/b09-095 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 88 (1) ◽

pp. 13-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yingxin Huang ◽

Xueyong Zhao ◽

Daowei Zhou ◽

Yayong Luo ◽

Wei Mao

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Biomass Allocation ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Reproductive Effort ◽

Soil Nutrient ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Plant Size ◽

Reproductive Organs ◽

Root Allocation ◽

Soil Nutrient Content

The allometric effects of Corispermum macrocarpum Bunge in response to soil nutrient content, water content, and population density were compared in a greenhouse experiment. The results showed that biomass allocation was size-dependent. The plasticity of roots, leaf allocation, and reproductive effort was “true” plasticity (i.e., changing biomass allocation in response to environmental conditions regardless of plant size), and no plasticity was detected in stem allocation in response to soil nutrient variation. At a low soil nutrient content, C. macrocarpum allocated more resources to reproductive organs than to roots and leaves at equivalent plant size, but the value of root allocation was consistent because of the trade-off between the effects of plant size and soil nutrient content. In the response to soil water variation, the plasticity of root allocation and reproductive effort was true plasticity, the plasticity of stem allocation was “apparent” plasticity (i.e., changing biomass allocation in response to plant size regardless of environmental conditions), which was caused by plant size, but there was no plasticity in leaf allocation. Except for the true plasticity of root allocation, there was no plasticity in stems, leaves, and reproductive organs in response to population density.

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Vibration Isolator System for Electron Microscope

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010017966x ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 182-183

Author(s):

K. Ohi ◽

M. Mizuno ◽

T. Kasai ◽

Y. Ohkura ◽

K. Mizuno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Magnetic Fields ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Vibration Isolator ◽

Air Conditioners ◽

Vibration Isolators ◽

Large Size ◽

Electron Microscopes

In recent years, with electron microscopes coming into wider use, their installation environments do not necessarily give their performance full play. Their environmental conditions include air-conditioners, magnetic fields, and vibrations. We report a jointly developed entirely new vibration isolator which is effective against the vibrations transmitted from the floor.Conventionally, large-sized vibration isolators which need the digging of a pit have been used. These vibration isolators, however, are large present problems of installation and maintenance because of their large-size.Thus, we intended to make a vibration isolator which1) eliminates the need for changing the installation room2) eliminates the need of maintenance and3) are compact in size and easily installable.

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