scholarly journals Filling of traps with electrons in insulators subjected to intense electron irradiation

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 559-564
Author(s):  
V. D. Kulikov
Keyword(s):  
Electron Irradiation ◽  
Intense Electron

Microstructural Evolution of Ba2Ycu3O7 Superconductor by Electron Irradiation in a Transmission Electron Microscope

1989 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kensuke ShiraiShi ◽  
Hiroshi Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Electron Irradiation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Lattice Image ◽  
Density Region ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
High Density Region ◽  
Intense Electron Beam ◽  
Intense Electron

AbstractMicrostructural changes in a Ba2YCu3O7 pellet were continuously observed during electron irradiation in a transmission electron microscope operating at 200 kV. Twin lamellae of 2~10 nm in thickness with 1~50 nm spacings were seen parallel to the lattice image of (001) plane with 1.17 nm in lattice spacing. The tip of the twin was lenticular and the (001) lattice fringes were distorted around the tip. Upon intense electron beam illumination, the lamellae faded at the tip and the thickness gradually decreased which increased the spacing in the high density region. Defect clusters of about 10 nm in size were produced in the very early stage of electron illumination.

Epitaxial Relationships in Esd Processes on Oxide Surfaces

1988 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Mccartney ◽  
David J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Electron Irradiation ◽  
Transition Metal Oxides ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Epitaxial Relationship ◽  
Crystalline Layer ◽  
Electron Stimulated Desorption ◽  
Intense Electron

ABSTRACTDuring intense electron irradiation inside the electron microscope, the electron—stimulated desorption of oxygen from the surfaces of several maximally—valent transition—metal oxides (TiO2, V2O5, Nb2 O5 and WO3) has been observed [1]. The irradiatedsurfaces become covered with a crystalline layer of the corresponding monoxide phase. These reduced phases, which are all based on cubic structures and have metallic conductivity, grow with a well— defined epitaxial relationship with the bulk oxide. Computer—drawn models of the crystal structures have been used to study the atomic arrangements implied by the epitaxial relationship, and certain structural features were found to be common to the oxides studied.

Onion-Like Nanoscale Structures and Fullerene-Type Cages Formed by Electron Irradiation of Turbostratic Bx.C1-x (x<0.2)

1997 ◽  
Vol 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Golberg ◽  
Y. Bando ◽  
K. Kurashima ◽  
T. Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Electron Irradiation ◽  
Soap Bubble ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Nanoscale Structures ◽  
Linear Dimensions ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Continuous Bending ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscope ◽  
Electron Energy Loss ◽  
Intense Electron

ABSTRACTFlakes of CVD grown BxC1-x, (x<0.2) films were exposed to intense electron irradiation (flux density up to ∼100 A/cm2) in a 300 kV high resolution electron microscope equipped with a field emission gun. The starting flakes revealed a turbostratic BxC1-x structure. The composition of the starting materials and irradiated products was determined by using electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Depending on the electron dose applied, irradiation of the turbostratic material led to formation of soap-bubble-like irregularly-shaped objects (linear dimensions of ∼2–5 nm), onion- and semi-onion-like structures (d∼10nm), nested fullerenes (3–14 shells) and elementary fullerene-type cages (d∼0.7 nm). It is thought that these curled and closed nanostructures arise from a continuous bending of the hexagonal Bx C1-x sheets under electron irradiation. Finally, some possible structural models of BxC1-x fullerenes are considered.

Small Onions Formation Under Electron Irradiation of Turbostratic Bc2n and Turbostratic Bn

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 737-738
Author(s):  
O. Stephan ◽  
Y. Bando ◽  
K. Kurashima
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Electron Irradiation ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Polyhedral Particles ◽  
Curved Structures ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Vapor Phase Reaction ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Intense Electron

After the discovery of C fullerenes and C nanotubes grown in the vapor phase, the formation of carbon onions [1] in the condensed phase from the irradiation of graphitic polyhedral particles with an intense electron beam gave further evidence that spherical carbon network can be favored under high temperature and strong irradiation regimes. Recently, BN and B-C-N hybrid nanotubes were synthetized. In spite of theoretical predictions, so far there has been no experimental evidence for the stability of B-N and B-C-N analogs of buckminster fullerenes. We exposed turbostratic BC2N and turbostratic BN samples to intense electron irradiation to study the ability of the honey comb network to include non hexagonal member rings and form curved structures.In the experiments described here, the BC2N starting materials were synthesized from vapor phase reaction (CVD) of BC13 and CH3CN. Such samples were then exposed to high temperature-high pressure (HT-HP) conditions at 7.7.

The interaction of electron beams with solids - Some new effects

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 788-789
Author(s):  
C J Humphreys ◽  
T J Bullough ◽  
R W Devenish ◽  
D M Maher ◽  
P S Turner
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Electron Irradiation ◽  
Electron Beams ◽  
Incident Electron Beam ◽  
Surface Steps ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intense Electron Beams ◽  
Intense Electron ◽  
Scale Surface

It has recently been found that electron beams, of energy typically 100 keV, can damage a very wide range of solids, many of which are normally thought to be stable to electron irradiation. For example, metals, semiconductors and ceramics can all be damaged by electrons having energy less than that required for direct displacement damage. Radiation damage effects are particularly apparent when using intense electron beams from field emission guns in STEM's, TEM's and SEM's, but damage also occurs in materials thought to be stable when using electrons from LaB6, or heated W filaments. Considerable care must therefore be taken in microanalysis, etc, particularly when using field emission guns.If the incident electron beam is focussed to nanometre-scale diameter, then nanometre-scale surface and volume structures (e.g. indentations, holes and lines) can be produced in a variety of specimens. It is also possible to cut a specimen to a desired shape with nanometre precision and to remove surface steps from surfaces, leaving them atomically smooth.

scholarly journals Diffusion mass transfer in ionic materials under intense electron irradiation

2017 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 012104
Author(s):  
I G Bochkarev ◽  
S A Ghyngazov ◽  
T S Frangulyan ◽  
A B Petrova ◽  
A V Chernyavskii
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Electron Irradiation ◽  
Diffusion Mass Transfer ◽  
Ionic Materials ◽  
Diffusion Mass ◽  
Intense Electron

Evaluation of single-electron movies of glutamine synthetase molecules

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 280-281
Author(s):  
W. Kunath ◽  
E. Zeitler ◽  
M. Kessel
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Electron Irradiation ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Single Electron ◽  
Continuous Series ◽  
Digital Recording ◽  
Recording Device ◽  
Low Exposure

The features of digital recording of a continuous series (movie) of singleelectron TV frames are reported. The technique is used to investigate structural changes in negatively stained glutamine synthetase molecules (GS) during electron irradiation and, as an ultimate goal, to look for the molecules' “undamaged” structure, say, after a 1 e/Å2 dose.The TV frame of fig. la shows an image of 5 glutamine synthetase molecules exposed to 1/150 e/Å2. Every single electron is recorded as a unit signal in a 256 ×256 field. The extremely low exposure of a single TV frame as dictated by the single-electron recording device including the electron microscope requires accumulation of 150 TV frames into one frame (fig. lb) thus achieving a reasonable compromise between the conflicting aspects of exposure time per frame of 3 sec. vs. object drift of less than 1 Å, and exposure per frame of 1 e/Å2 vs. rate of structural damage.

Radiation-Induced Precipitation at Thin Foil Surfaces in Ni-Be Alloys

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 598-599
Author(s):  
T. Mukai ◽  
T. E. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Electron Irradiation ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Thin Foil ◽  
Homogeneous Precipitation ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
High Voltage Electron ◽  
Radiation Induced

Radiation-induced homogeneous precipitation in Ni-Be alloys was recently observed by high voltage electron microscopy. A coupling of interstitial flux with solute Be atoms is responsible for the precipitation. The present investigation further shows that precipitation is also induced at thin foil surfaces by electron irradiation under a high vacuum.

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