Association of foveal avascular zone area withstructural and functional progression in glaucoma patients

2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-318065
Author(s):  
Fei Li ◽  
Fengbin Lin ◽  
Kai Gao ◽  
Weijing Cheng ◽  
Yunhe Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Disc ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Systemic Hypertension ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Glaucoma Progression ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus

BackgroundTo investigate whether quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) metrics of the superficial/deep macular retina and optic disc are associated with glaucoma progression risk.MethodsA total of 238 eyes from 119 patients with open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension, and no history of systemic hypertension or diabetes mellitus were included. All participants underwent OCTA imaging with a swept-source OCT (DRI-OCT 1, Topcon, Japan). OCTA metrics of superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) in the macular region, and radial peripapillary capillary network of the optic disc were measured by a customised MATLAB program to obtain foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, FAZ circularity and capillary density of SCP/DCP, and capillary density of the peripapillary region. Relationships between baseline OCTA metrics, visual field (VF) metrics, intraocular pressure fluctuation and risk of glaucoma progression were analysed with the Cox proportional hazards model. A frailty model was used to adjust for intereye correlation.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up duration of 29.39 months (range 12–56 months), 50, 48 and 16 eyes were determined to have retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) and VF progression respectively. FAZ area per SD increase at baseline were significantly associated with both RNFL thinning (HR 1.73 95% CI 1.04 to 2.90); p=0.036) and GC-IPL thinning (HR 2.62, 95% CI 1.59 to 4.31; p<0.001), after adjusting for age, axial length and other potential confounding factors. VF progression was associated with age (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.08; p<0.001) and mean deviation value (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.98; p=0.010), but not with any OCTA metrics.ConclusionEnlarged FAZ area measured by OCTA was associated with a higher risk of RNFL and GC-IPL thinning associated with glaucoma, but not with functional deterioration in glaucoma.

scholarly journals Smoking Effect on Peripapillary and Macular Microvascular Structure in Inactive Graves’ Ophthalmopathy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kubra SERBEST CEYLANOGLU ◽  
Emine Malkoc Sen ◽  
Sibel Doguizi ◽  
Gozde Hondur
Keyword(s):  
Optic Disc ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Graves Ophthalmopathy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Superficial Capillary Plexus

Abstract ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the smoking effect on peripapillary and macular microvascular structure in patients with inactive Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) and to compare these structures with those of healthy control subjects.MethodsA total of 34 healty participants (control group), 22 inactive GO patients with smoking (smoker group) and 19 inactive GO patients with nonsmoking (non-smoker group) were recruited in this prospective study. After detailed ophthalmological examination, vessel densities (VD) of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), retinal peripapillary capillary (RPC) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, acircularity index (AI) of the FAZ were analyzed with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) for each eye.ResultsVessel density in the total peripapillary; superior and inferior sectors of RPC were significantly lower in inactive GO patients with smoking (p<0.05 for all sectors) compared to control group. Besides, the FAZ AI was significantly higher in smoker and non-smoker inactive GO groups compared to healthy subjects (p=0.0001, p=0.0001, respectively). No significant difference was found in the FAZ area, and all SCP, DCP macular measurements between groups (p>0.05 for all).ConclusionOCTA findings of lower peripapillary VD in the smoker group show smoking effect on the optic disc head microvasculature in inactive GO patients. These results could reflect early subclinical optic disc vasculature damage in smoker inactive GO subjects.

scholarly journals Changes in retinal microvasculature and retinal layer thickness in association with apolipoprotein E genotype in Alzheimer’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joo Youn Shin ◽  
Eun Young Choi ◽  
Min Kim ◽  
Hyung Keun Lee ◽  
Suk Ho Byeon
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Apoe Ε4 ◽  
Retinal Microvasculature ◽  
Capillary Plexus

AbstractBiomarker tests of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are invasive and expensive. Recent developments in optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) have enabled noninvasive, cost-effective characterization of retinal layer vasculature and thickness. Using OCTA and OCT, we characterized retinal microvascular changes in the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage of AD and assessed their correlation with structural changes in each retinal neuronal layer. We also evaluated the effect of the APOE-ε4 genotype on retinal microvasculature and layer thickness. Retinal layer thickness did not differ between MCI patients (40 eyes) and controls (37 eyes, all p > 0.05). MCI patients had lower vessel density (VD) (p = 0.003) of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and larger foveal avascular zone area (p = 0.01) of the deep capillary plexus (DCP) than those of controls. VD of the SCP correlated with the ganglion cell layer (r = 0.358, p = 0.03) and inner plexiform layer thickness (r = 0.437, p = 0.007) in MCI patients. APOE-ε4-carrying MCI patients had a lower VD of the DCP than non-carriers (p = 0.03). In conclusion, retinal microvasculature was reduced in patients with AD-associated MCI, but retinal thickness was not changed; these changes might be affected by the APOE genotype. OCTA of the retinal microvasculature may be useful to detect vascular changes in AD.

Foveal avascular zone in oculocutaneous albinism

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e240208
Author(s):  
Hana A Mansour ◽  
Sami Uwaydat ◽  
Muhamad H Yunis ◽  
Ahmad M Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Oculocutaneous Albinism ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Retinal Capillary ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Foveal Hypoplasia

Optical coherence tomography angiography imaging in two patients with oculocutaneous albinism, one with severe nystagmus, showed persistence of both the superficial and the deep retinal capillary plexus adding another vascular feature to the foveal hypoplasia.

scholarly journals Reduced Superficial Capillary Density in Cerebral Infarction Is Inversely Correlated With the NIHSS Score

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Robert Kwapong ◽  
Yuying Yan ◽  
Zilong Hao ◽  
Bo Wu
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Microvascular Changes ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Purpose: The retina and the brain share similar neuronal and microvascular features, therein we aimed to assess the structural and microvascular changes in the macula and choriocapillaris (CC) in patients with cerebral infarction when compared with healthy controls using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).Methods: OCTA was used to image and measure the capillary density in the radial peripapillary capillaries (RPC), superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), choriocapillaris (CC), and mean area of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in all participants. Twenty-two cerebral infarction patients based on their magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 25 healthy controls were included in our study.Results: Density of the RPC (P &lt; 0.001), SCP (P = 0.001), DCP (P &lt; 0.001) and CC (P &lt; 0.001) were significantly reduced in cerebral infarction patients when compared with healthy controls, respectively. Retinal thickness measurements (P &lt; 0.05) were significantly reduced in cerebral infarction patients when compared with healthy controls. The mean FAZ area was significantly larger (P = 0.012) in cerebral infarction patients when compared with healthy controls. National Institute of HealthStroke Scale (NIHSS) inversely correlated with SCP density in cerebral infarction patients (Rho = −0.409, P = 0.001). Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis showed that the blood flow of the choriocapillaris had the highest index [area under the receiver operatingcharacteristic (AUROC) = 0.964] to discriminate cerebral infarction patients from the healthy controls.Conclusions: Our study suggests that cerebral microcirculation dysfunction which occurs in cerebral infarction is mirrored in the macula and choroidal microcirculation. OCTA has the potential to non-invasively characterize the macula and choroidal changes in cerebral infarction in vivo.

Optical coherence tomography angiography in diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1418-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Furino ◽  
Grazia Montrone ◽  
Maria Vittoria Cicinelli ◽  
Stefania Balestra ◽  
Maria Oliva Grassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Superficial Capillary Plexus

Purpose: To investigate a subset of diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy with optical coherence tomography angiography, assessing the differences in macular perfusion between diseased eyes and healthy controls. Methods: Monocentric cross-sectional study, including 86 eyes from 43 diabetic patients with no clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy and 78 eyes from 39 controls. Patients underwent 3.0 × 3.0 mm and 4.5 × 4.5 mm swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography. Vessel density (%), foveal avascular zone area (mm2), and avascular density (%) were provided for the superficial capillary plexus and the deep capillary plexus. Results: The foveal avascular zone area at the superficial capillary plexus was larger in the study group compared to controls, irrespective of the area of the slab considered. A meaningful difference was found in the vessel density at the deep capillary plexus of the 3.0 × 3.0 mm slab (p = 0.03). Almost all the variables considered in the study showed a significant within-subject effect. Age significantly correlated with vessel density of superficial capillary plexus on 4.5 × 4.5 mm in both control and diabetic eyes. Conclusion: Diabetic patients with subclinical diabetic retinopathy feature a larger foveal avascular zone at the superficial capillary plexus compared with controls, as well as relative reduction of the vessel density at the deep capillary plexus. These findings might serve as the basis for screening between normal and diabetic subjects.

Foveal Avascular Zone Area Analysis Using OCT Angiography After Pneumatic Retinopexy for Macula-Off Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Repair

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 297-303
Author(s):  
Carolina L. M. Francisconi ◽  
David Ta Kim ◽  
Verena Juncal ◽  
Jenny Qian ◽  
Koby Brosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Pneumatic Retinopexy ◽  
Retinal Capillary ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Pars Plana ◽  
Superficial Capillary Plexus ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose: Recent publications have reported that the deep capillary plexus (DCP) area of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) is significantly larger in eyes following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair when compared with controls. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there have been no publications on the evaluation of the macular microvasculature using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in post–pneumatic retinopexy (PnR) eyes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate FAZ-area changes following PnR. Methods: This retrospective cohort included 19 patients with macula-off RRD who underwent PnR repair. Each patient’s fellow eye was used as a control. The FAZ area in the superficial capillary plexus and DCP was investigated with OCTA and the areas were measured by 2 masked graders. Results: Both superficial (PnR: 0.22 [0.16-0.35] vs control: 0.24 [0.18-0.34] mm2; P = .715) and deep (PnR: 0.56 [0.51-0.76] vs control: 0.7 [0.59-0.89] mm2; P = .105) FAZ areas were not significantly different between eyes. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the lack of FAZ-area enlargement after PnR repair may indicate that there is less ischemic damage to the retinal capillary plexus in the fovea when compared with that described in the literature for PPV. The PIVOT trial demonstrated that PnR is associated with superior visual acuity and less metamorphopsia when compared with PPV at 1 year. The results of the current study may provide insight into the potential advantages of PnR. Further studies are needed to elucidate how the macular microvasculature is affected after RRD and to clarify how the FAZ area changes following PnR and PPV.

scholarly journals Effect of optic disc–fovea distance on the normative classifications of macular inner retinal layers as assessed with OCT in healthy subjects

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 821-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunliang Qiu ◽  
Binyao Chen ◽  
Jianling Yang ◽  
Ce Zheng ◽  
Haoyu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Optic Disc ◽  
Nerve Fibre ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Retinal Layers ◽  
Fibre Layer ◽  
Nerve Fibre Layer

PurposeTo determine the influence of the optic disc–fovea distance (DFD) on the normative classifications based on thickness measurements of macular inner retinal layers with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in healthy subjects.MethodsA total of 182 eyes from 182 healthy subjects were included (mean (SD) spherical equivalent −0.8 (1.9) dioptres). We performed macula and optic disc imaging with the Topcon 3D OCT 2000. The thickness of the macular inner retinal layers (macular retinal nerve fibre layer (mRNFL), ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) and both combined (ganglion cell complex; GCC)) and the corresponding classifications based on the built-in normative database were recorded. The occurrence of an abnormal normative classification (occurrence of any thickness variable below the fifth percentile) was related to the DFD and other factors (axial length/refraction, optic disc area, fovea–disc angle, age, gender, image quality, visual field mean deviation and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness), using logistic regression.ResultsThe mean (SD) DFD was 4.90 (0.29) mm. A greater DFD was associated with a higher percentage of abnormal normative classification in the OCT parameters describing the thickness of the mRNFL (OR (95%CI) per 0.1 mm increase in DFD: 1.30 (1.13 to 1.50), p<0.001), GCIPL (1.18 (1.02 to 1.38), p=0.023) and GCC measurement (1.29 (1.08 to 1.55), p=0.006).ConclusionsEyes with a greater DFD are prone to false-positive classifications in the thickness assessment of the macular inner retinal layers. The thicknesses should always be interpreted in the context of DFD.

scholarly journals Assessment of the microvasculature in poppers maculopathy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hamann ◽  
M. R. J. Wiest ◽  
M. Brinkmann ◽  
M. Toro ◽  
K. Fasler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Vascular Plexus ◽  
Microvascular Changes ◽  
Lesion Type ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Healthy Control

Abstract Purpose To investigate a possible microvascular component of poppers maculopathy (PMP) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods Twelve patients suffering from poppers maculopathy were included. Health records, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCTA data was gathered and compared to a healthy control group (HC). PMP lesion type was determined by manifestation in OCT. OCTA-based evaluation of retinal vascular plexus and choriocapillaris (CC) was executed. Vessel density (VD) and vessel length density (VLD) in superficial and deep capillary plexus (SCP, DCP), as well as flow deficits (FD), within the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in CC were assessed. Results Median age of PMP patients was 40 (min 24; max 64) years, all male. Eleven patients presented with ellipsoid zone-type lesions; one patient showed a vitelliform-type lesion. No qualitative microvascular changes between PMP patients and HC were identified. Quantitative values for VD and VLD of SCP and DCP did not differ in between the two groups. The analysis of FDs in CC showed no deviation from PMP patients to HC. Conclusions No vascular anomalies in qualitative and quantitative analysis in OCTA were detected in PMP patients. The constitution of the CC within FAZ of PMP patients does not differ from HC when assessed as FD.

scholarly journals Time-related OCT-A changes in preclinical retinopathy and their association with systemic factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6-1) ◽  
pp. 122-127
Author(s):  
A. N. Stulova ◽  
N. S. Semenova ◽  
A. V. Zheleznyakova ◽  
V. S. Akopyan ◽  
D. V. Lipatov
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Vascular Plexus ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Systemic Factors ◽  
One Year

Background. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) is a promising tool for the detection of microvascular impairment at the preclinical stage of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Evaluation of dynamic OCT-A changes and their association with systemic factors can help to reveal early biomarkers of DR progression.Aim: to evaluate time-related OCT-A changes and their association with systemic factors in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) patients with no apparent DRMaterials and methods. 38 DM1 patients with no apparent DR and 39 healthy volunteers were included in the study. All participants underwent 7-fi eld fundus photography, OCT and OCT-A. We analyzed OCT-A parameters (foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area (mm2), acircularity index (AI), vessel density (VD), skeletonized density (SD)) as well as the results of blood and urea tests.Results. After one year of observation, AI was significantly higher (р = 0.005) and VD0–300 was signifi cantly lower in superfi cial vascular plexus (SVP, p < 0.0001) and deep capillary plexus (DCP, р = 0.032) in DM1 patients. We have also registered a positive correlation between AI and triglycerides (TG) level (r = 0.627, p = 0.007) as well as a negative correlation between ketones and VD (SVP VD0–300: r = –0.695, p = 0.030; intermediate capillary plexus (ICP, VD0–300: r = –0.551, p = 0.041; DCP, VD0–300: r = –0.704, p = 0.003; SVP, VD300–600: r = –0.853, p = 0.001).Conclusions. After one year of observation, we have registered an increase in AI level and a decline in VD in SVP and DCP which can be the earliest signs of DR progression. A signifi cant correlation between these parameters and systemic factors indicates their role as potential DR biomarkers.

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