The effects of prior concussion and contact sport participation on the brain

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. A26.2-A26
Author(s):  
Nathan Churchill ◽  
Michael Hutchison ◽  
Tom A Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Sport Participation ◽  
Contact Sport ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals The Effect of Repetitive Head Impact in Sensory Reweighting in Collision College Athletes

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (14 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S25.2-S26
Author(s):  
Fernando Vanderlinde Santos ◽  
Jaclyn Caccese ◽  
Felipe Yamaguchi ◽  
John Jeka
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Head Impact ◽  
Group Effect ◽  
Contact Sport ◽  
Sensory Reweighting ◽  
Sinusoidal Waveform

ObjectiveTo compare sensory reweighting for upright stance between collegiate collision and non-contact sport athletes.BackgroundThe potentially adverse effects of repetitive head impact (RHI) exposure through routine collision sport participation have become a major public health concerns.Design/MethodsThirty male collegiate athletes were grouped by sport type, including collision (n = 15, 21.2 ± 2 years, 85.9 ± 13.8 kg, 179.7 ± 8.2 cm) and non-contact (n = 15, 20.8 ± 2.1 years, 72.9 ± 4.8 kg, 178.3 ± 4.3 cm) sport athletes. Participants underwent a standing balance assessment; they experienced simultaneous perturbations to visual, vestibular, and somatosensory systems. The visual stimulus consisted of 500 pyramids displayed on a virtual reality cave and translated in the anterior-posterior direction at 0.2 Hz in a sinusoidal waveform. The vestibular stimulus consisted of binaural-monopolar galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) at 0.36 Hz in a sinusoidal waveform. The somatosensory stimulus consisted of bilateral Achilles’ tendon vibration at 0.28 Hz in a square waveform with equal on/off times. Different frequencies were chosen for each modality so that we could calculate the gain to each stimulus independently. There were four conditions: two conditions of each high amplitude (0.2 m) and low amplitude (0.8 m) visual scene translation and two conditions of each vibration on and vibration off. The leg segment gain to each modality was compared between groups and across conditions using a repeated-measures ANOVA.ResultsThere were no changes in leg segment gain to vision (i.e. group effect; F = 2.624, p = 0.094, η2 = 0.086), gain to GVS (F = 1.341, p = 0.266, η2 = 0.46), or gain to vibration (F = 3.124, p = 0.088, η2 = 0.100). In addition, there were no changes in sensory reweighting for any modality (i.e. condition X group effect; vision, F = 0.074, p = 0.788, η2 = 0.003; GVS, F = 0.547, p = 0.46, η2 = 0.019; vibration, F = 0.734, p = 0.399, η2 = 0.026).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that there are no differences in sensory reweighting between collegiate collision and non-contact sport athletes. Despite concerns that RHI exposure through routine collision sport participation may result in balance disturbances, our results do not support this association.

Effects of Cumulative Years of Contact/Collision Sports on Neuropsychological Outcomes

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (1 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S6.1-S6
Author(s):  
Katie Hunzinger ◽  
Charles Buz Swanik ◽  
Thomas A. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Contact Sport ◽  
Sport History ◽  
Contact Sports ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Neuropsychological Outcomes

ObjectiveTo determine the relationship between prolonged exposure to repetitive head impacts (RHI) through contact sports, as assessed by cumulative years contact sport participation, and quality of life outcomes in current/former contact sport athletes.BackgroundCumulative lifetime RHI exposure may be a more meaningful measure than age of first exposure to contact sports to assess effects of RHI on neurologic function, however effects on young adults remain mixed.Design/MethodsTwenty-one physically active current/former contact sport athletes (35.0 ± 12.2 years, 66.7% male) completed an online questionnaire. To assess quality of life and psychological status, participants completed the Apathy Evaluation Scale-Self Rated (AES-S), Short Form 12 (SF-12), Satisfaction with Life Survey (SWLS), and Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5 (SCAT5) Symptoms. Participants self-reported years of organized contact sport history (16.9 ± 10.5 years, range: 1–45) along with covariates (sex, LD/ADHD, age, concussion history). Generalized linear models were used to examine the association between cumulative years contact sport and psychological outcomes, while controlling for covariates.ResultsCumulative years contact sports was a significant positive predictor of better apathy ratings (p = 0.038) and SWLS (p = 0.001). For every year increase, there was an associated 1.1% reduction in AES-S and 1.6% improvement in SWLS. Cumulative years was not a significant predictor of SF-12 Mental Component Summary (p = 0.113), SF-12 Physical Component Summary (p = 0.289), or symptoms (p = 0.237).ConclusionsCumulative years of contact sport history was associated with better patient reported outcomes in current/former contact/collision sport athletes. This provides insight into later life effects of prolonged RHI exposure on neuropsychological outcomes in a more diverse subject pool outside of retired football players. Long-term neurologic effects remain to be elucidated, however, in early adulthood collision sports have positive mental health outcomes.

scholarly journals Contact sport participation and chronic traumatic encephalopathy are associated with altered severity and distribution of cerebral amyloid angiopathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver J. Standring ◽  
Jacob Friedberg ◽  
Yorghos Tripodis ◽  
Alicia S. Chua ◽  
Jonathan D. Cherry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Amyloid Angiopathy ◽  
Contact Sport ◽  
Cerebral Amyloid

scholarly journals Concussion History And Contact Sport Participation Influence Post-concussion Psychological Distress: Active Rehab Study Findings

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (7S) ◽  
pp. 310-310
Author(s):  
Johna K. Register-Mihalik ◽  
Shabbar I. Ranapurwala ◽  
Kevin M. Guskiewicz ◽  
Paula Gildner ◽  
Stephen W. Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Contact Sport ◽  
Concussion History

Exploring the Relationship Between Musculoskeletal Injury and Clinical Outcome Measures of Cervical Sensorimotor Function

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kelly M. Cheever ◽  
W. Geoffrey Wright ◽  
Jane McDevitt ◽  
Michael Sitler ◽  
Ryan T. Tierney
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Neck Disability Index ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injury ◽  
Position Error ◽  
Sensorimotor Function ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Contact Sport ◽  
Symptom Severity Score

The objective of this study was to explore the correlation between preseason measures of cervical sensorimotor function and musculoskeletal injury rates across a contact sport season. The authors hypothesized that athletes with higher sensorimotor dysfunction at baseline would be more likely to suffer an injury. The authors further hypothesized that contact sport participation would lead to greater changes in cervical sensorimotor function across a sport season compared with noncontact controls. Forty-nine collegiate club athletes (26 rugby and 23 noncontact controls) participated in a cohort study. Low positive correlations between baseline sign and symptom severity (r = .383), and score (r = .344), and cervical joint position error (r = .385–.425) and time loss injury were observed. Combining sign and symptom severity score and the neck reposition error predicted musculoskeletal injury status with 80.8% accuracy (area under the curve = 0.80, p = .003). The results suggest preseason deficits in cervical sensorimotor function may be related to future musculoskeletal injury risk. Sign and symptom severity score, Neck Disability Index score, and cervical joint position error can help identify athletes requiring more comprehensive cervical spine assessment that may benefit from preventative intervention.

Heavy-Contact Sport Participation and Early Adolescent Delinquency

2020 ◽  
pp. 232949652095930
Author(s):  
David J. Maume ◽  
Michael Parrish
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Early Adolescent ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Adolescent Delinquency ◽  
Contact Sport ◽  
Contact Sports ◽  
Youth Activities

Sports is one of the most popular youth activities, yet a consensus has not been reached as to whether playing sports facilitates or deters youths’ delinquency. This study uses longitudinal data on youths ages 12–15 to test the association between participation in noncontact (tennis, golf, track and field, swimming, volleyball), semi-contact (soccer, basketball, baseball/softball) and heavy contact (football, hockey, wrestling, lacrosse) sports, and juvenile delinquency. In models accounting for potential selection effects and a full array of confounding influences, playing semi- and noncontact sports is largely unrelated delinquency, whereas greater participation in heavy-contact sports is uniquely associated with increased commission of violent and property crimes in early adolescence. The theoretical and policy implications of these finding are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals CONTACT AND COLLISION SPORTS PARTICIPATION DURING ADOLESCENCE IS ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED ANXIETY AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0016
Author(s):  
David R. Howell ◽  
Scott Laker ◽  
Michael W. Kirkwood ◽  
Julie Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Contact Sport ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Contact Sports ◽  
Acute Fracture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Domain Scores

Background: Recently, participation in contact and/or collision youth sports has received attention due to concern over exposure to repetitive head impacts. However, few studies have examined the relative risks and benefits of participation in contact and/or collision sports among young athletes currently engaged in these sports. Purposes and Hypotheses: We sought to examine whether participation in contact and/or collision sports during adolescence would be associated with quality of life (QOL) among a sample of healthy adolescent athletes undergoing a pre-participation examination. We hypothesized QOL domains scores would be similar between contact/collision and no/limited contact sport athletes. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of adolescent athletes undergoing a pre-participation physical examination. During the assessment, participants completed a sport participation questionnaire and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pediatric-25 Profile, a measure of health-related quality of life. We grouped patients based on reported organized contact/collision or limited/non-contact sports participation in the past year, as delineated by Rice (2008). We compared PROMIS domain scores between groups using Mann-Whitney U tests, and used multivariable linear regression to identify the association between PROMIS domains scores and contact/collision sport participation while adjusting for covariates (sex, age, height, history of bone, muscle, ligament, or tendon injury, history of acute fracture or dislocation) in separate models. Results: A total of 281 adolescents participated: 143 (51%) reported contact or collision sport participation in the year prior to the study. There was a significantly greater proportion of females in the no/limited contact sport group compared to the contact/collision sport group (Table 1). There was a significantly greater proportion of contact/collision sport athletes who reported past bone, muscle, ligament, or tendon injuries and acute fracture or dislocation injuries compared to no/limited contact sport athletes (Table 1). Upon univariable comparison, those in the contact/collision sport group reported significantly lower anxiety and depressive symptom domain scores than the no/limited contact sport group (Table 2). After covariate adjustment, contact/collision sport participation was significantly associated with lower anxiety and depressive symptom domain scores (Table 3). Conclusion: Adolescents participating in organized contact/collision sports reported lower anxiety and depressive symptoms than adolescents participating in no/limited contact sports. These results reinforce the need to re-examine assumptions that youth contact/collision sports are necessarily associated with negative quality of life. Future prospective studies will be required to better understand any causal relationship between contact sports and psychological well-being in young athletes, both in the short- and long-term. [Table: see text][Table: see text][Table: see text]

scholarly journals Football’s InfluencE on Lifelong health and Dementia risk (FIELD): protocol for a retrospective cohort study of former professional footballers

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e028654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma R Russell ◽  
Katy Stewart ◽  
Daniel F Mackay ◽  
John MacLean ◽  
Jill P Pell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Contact Sport ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Increased Risk

IntroductionIn the past decade, evidence has emerged suggesting a potential link between contact sport participation and increased risk of late neurodegenerative disease, in particular chronic traumatic encephalopathy. While there remains a lack of clear evidence to test the hypothesis that contact sport participation is linked to an increased incidence of dementia, there is growing public concern regarding the risk. There is, therefore, a pressing need for research to gain greater understanding of the potential risks involved in contact sports participation, and to contextualise these within holistic health benefits of sport.Methods and analysisFootball’s InfluencE on Lifelong health and Dementia risk is designed as a retrospective cohort study, with the aim to analyse data from former professional footballers (FPF) in order to assess the incidence of neurodegenerative disease in this population. Comprehensive electronic medical and death records will be analysed and compared with those of a demographically matched population control cohort. As well as neurodegenerative disease incidence, all-cause, and disease-specific mortality, will be analysed in order to assess lifelong health. Cox proportional hazards models will be run to compare the data collected from FPFs to matched population controls.Ethics and disseminationApprovals for study have been obtained from the University of Glasgow College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences Research Ethics Committee (Project Number 200160147) and from National Health Service Scotland’s Public Benefits and Privacy Panel (Application 1718-0120).

The Female Signifiant in All-Women’s Amateur Roller Derby

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Sport Participation ◽  
Contact Sport ◽  
Roller Derby ◽  
Feminine Gender ◽  
Gender Binary ◽  
Feminine Norms

I analyze women’s flat-track amateur roller derby by asking: how do derby skaters negotiate the requirements associated with emphasized femininity? By drawing on Hebdige’s (1979) analysis of punk, I develop the term female signifiant to argue that roller derby is an aggressive contact sport with a theatrical edge. It provides a rich, adventurous space to satirize athletic and feminine norms. Specifically, skaters’ sport participation is characterized by an interrogation of emphasized femininity without necessarily undermining the masculine/feminine gender binary.

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