scholarly journals The Effect of Repetitive Head Impact in Sensory Reweighting in Collision College Athletes

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (14 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S25.2-S26
Author(s):  
Fernando Vanderlinde Santos ◽  
Jaclyn Caccese ◽  
Felipe Yamaguchi ◽  
John Jeka
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Head Impact ◽  
Group Effect ◽  
Contact Sport ◽  
Sensory Reweighting ◽  
Sinusoidal Waveform

ObjectiveTo compare sensory reweighting for upright stance between collegiate collision and non-contact sport athletes.BackgroundThe potentially adverse effects of repetitive head impact (RHI) exposure through routine collision sport participation have become a major public health concerns.Design/MethodsThirty male collegiate athletes were grouped by sport type, including collision (n = 15, 21.2 ± 2 years, 85.9 ± 13.8 kg, 179.7 ± 8.2 cm) and non-contact (n = 15, 20.8 ± 2.1 years, 72.9 ± 4.8 kg, 178.3 ± 4.3 cm) sport athletes. Participants underwent a standing balance assessment; they experienced simultaneous perturbations to visual, vestibular, and somatosensory systems. The visual stimulus consisted of 500 pyramids displayed on a virtual reality cave and translated in the anterior-posterior direction at 0.2 Hz in a sinusoidal waveform. The vestibular stimulus consisted of binaural-monopolar galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) at 0.36 Hz in a sinusoidal waveform. The somatosensory stimulus consisted of bilateral Achilles’ tendon vibration at 0.28 Hz in a square waveform with equal on/off times. Different frequencies were chosen for each modality so that we could calculate the gain to each stimulus independently. There were four conditions: two conditions of each high amplitude (0.2 m) and low amplitude (0.8 m) visual scene translation and two conditions of each vibration on and vibration off. The leg segment gain to each modality was compared between groups and across conditions using a repeated-measures ANOVA.ResultsThere were no changes in leg segment gain to vision (i.e. group effect; F = 2.624, p = 0.094, η2 = 0.086), gain to GVS (F = 1.341, p = 0.266, η2 = 0.46), or gain to vibration (F = 3.124, p = 0.088, η2 = 0.100). In addition, there were no changes in sensory reweighting for any modality (i.e. condition X group effect; vision, F = 0.074, p = 0.788, η2 = 0.003; GVS, F = 0.547, p = 0.46, η2 = 0.019; vibration, F = 0.734, p = 0.399, η2 = 0.026).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that there are no differences in sensory reweighting between collegiate collision and non-contact sport athletes. Despite concerns that RHI exposure through routine collision sport participation may result in balance disturbances, our results do not support this association.

scholarly journals Evaluating Knowledge Attainment and Retention of a Multimodal Approach to Concussion Education in Collegiate Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-207
Author(s):  
Lena Catherine Scott ◽  
Jody Langdon ◽  
Diana Botnaru ◽  
Tamerah N. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Education Intervention ◽  
Student Athlete ◽  
Multimodal Approach ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Concussion Knowledge ◽  
Concussion Education

Context The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has declared concussions as an epidemic in sport participation. To provide a safer environment, state legislation and athletic governing bodies have mandated concussion education as a part of concussion management strategies throughout secondary and postsecondary levels. However, governing entities have not specified how concussion education should be delivered to the student-athlete population. Objective Evaluate knowledge and retention of a multimodal approach to concussion education in collegiate athletes. Design Sequential explanatory mixed-methods design. Setting Preseason meetings. Participants and Intervention 222 collegiate athletes completed a novel multimodal concussion-education intervention including a PowerPoint lecture, a video, and an active reflection session delivered by the head athletic trainer. Main Outcome Measures The Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge Index (RoCKI) survey was administered pre-intervention to examine baseline concussion knowledge, immediately post-intervention, and three 3 months post-intervention. A repeated repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) compared the knowledge scores over time (pre, post, and retention surveys). Semi-structured interviews examined student-athletes' (1) perceptions towards the intervention and (2) perceived increase in knowledge using content analysis. Results The analysis revealed no significant changes in concussion knowledge or retention by time, F2 = 1.95, P = .147, η2 = 0.034. Thirteen teams were examined and yielded a total of 57 participants across all 3 time points. Ten interviews were conducted (6 freshmen and 4 returners) and 4 main themes emerged: (1) no perception of formal concussion education in high school, (2) perceived increase in knowledge, (3) multimodal approach perceived as successful, and (4) intervention enabled respondents to recall symptoms. Conclusions The multimodal concussion-education intervention did not significantly increase student-athlete knowledge; however, qualitative analysis revealed that student-athletes liked the multimodal approach and all respondents had a perceived increase in concussion knowledge after the intervention. Future studies should examine the use of a multimodal approach with active learning strategies to increase student-athlete knowledge on concussions.

The effects of prior concussion and contact sport participation on the brain

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. A26.2-A26
Author(s):  
Nathan Churchill ◽  
Michael Hutchison ◽  
Tom A Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Sport Participation ◽  
Contact Sport ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Concussion BASICS II

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (23) ◽  
pp. e2123-e2132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breton M. Asken ◽  
Russell M. Bauer ◽  
Steven T. DeKosky ◽  
Zachary M. Houck ◽  
Charles C. Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Head Impact ◽  
Amyloid Peptide ◽  
Serum Biomarker ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Clinical Assessments ◽  
Recent Exposure ◽  
Impact Index ◽  
Concussion History

ObjectiveTo examine the effect of concussion history and cumulative exposure to collision sports on baseline serum biomarker concentrations, as well as associations between biomarker concentrations and clinical assessments.MethodsIn this observational cohort study, β-amyloid peptide 42 (Aβ42), total tau, S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B), ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolyzing enzyme L1 (UCH-L1), glial fibrillary acidic protein, microtubule associated protein 2, and 2′,3′-cyclic-nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase serum concentrations were measured in 415 (61% male, 40% white, aged 19.0 ± 1.2 years) nonconcussed collegiate athletes without recent exposure to head impacts. Regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between self-reported history of concussion(s), cumulative years playing collision sports, clinical assessments, and baseline biomarker concentrations. Football-specific analyses were performed using a modified Cumulative Head Impact Index. Clinical assessments included symptom, cognitive, balance, and oculomotor tests.ResultsAthletes with a greater number of concussions had a higher baseline Aβ42 concentration only (ρ = 0.140, p = 0.005, small effect size). No biomarker concentrations correlated with cumulative exposure to collision sports. Race status fully mediated the correlations of S100B, UCH-L1, and Aβ42 with cognitive scores. Football exposure, specifically, was not associated with serum biomarker concentrations or clinical assessment scores based on the modified Cumulative Head Impact Index.ConclusionConcussion-related serum biomarkers showed no consistent association with concussion history, cumulative exposure to collision sports, or clinical assessments in a sample of healthy collegiate athletes. Serum Aβ42 concentrations could increase following multiple previous concussions. Considering race status is essential when investigating links between biomarkers and cognition. The biomarkers studied may not detect residual effects of concussion or repetitive head impact exposure in otherwise asymptomatic collegiate athletes without recent exposure to head impacts. Much more research is needed for identifying reliable and valid blood biomarkers of brain trauma history.

scholarly journals Spectrum of acute clinical characteristics of diagnosed concussions in college athletes wearing instrumented helmets

2012 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 1092-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Christine Duhaime ◽  
Jonathan G. Beckwith ◽  
Arthur C. Maerlender ◽  
Thomas W. McAllister ◽  
Joseph J. Crisco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Head Impact ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Impact Event ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Impact Events ◽  
Specific Impact

Object Concussive head injuries have received much attention in the medical and public arenas, as concerns have been raised about the potential short- and long-term consequences of injuries sustained in sports and other activities. While many student athletes have required evaluation after concussion, the exact definition of concussion has varied among disciplines and over time. The authors used data gathered as part of a multiinstitutional longitudinal study of the biomechanics of head impacts in helmeted collegiate athletes to characterize what signs, symptoms, and clinical histories were used to designate players as having sustained concussions. Methods Players on 3 college football teams and 4 ice hockey teams (male and female) wore helmets instrumented with Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) technology during practices and games over 2–4 seasons of play. Preseason clinical screening batteries assessed baseline cognition and reported symptoms. If a concussion was diagnosed by the team medical staff, basic descriptive information was collected at presentation, and concussed players were reevaluated serially. The specific symptoms or findings associated with the diagnosis of acute concussion, relation to specific impact events, timing of symptom onset and diagnosis, and recorded biomechanical parameters were analyzed. Results Data were collected from 450 athletes with 486,594 recorded head impacts. Forty-eight separate concussions were diagnosed in 44 individual players. Mental clouding, headache, and dizziness were the most common presenting symptoms. Thirty-one diagnosed cases were associated with an identified impact event; in 17 cases no specific impact event was identified. Onset of symptoms was immediate in 24 players, delayed in 11, and unspecified in 13. In 8 cases the diagnosis was made immediately after a head impact, but in most cases the diagnosis was delayed (median 17 hours). One diagnosed concussion involved a 30-second loss of consciousness; all other players retained alertness. Most diagnoses were based on self-reported symptoms. The mean peak angular and rotational acceleration values for those cases associated with a specific identified impact were 86.1 ± 42.6g (range 16.5–177.9g) and 3620 ± 2166 rad/sec2 (range 183–7589 rad/sec2), respectively. Conclusions Approximately two-thirds of diagnosed concussions were associated with a specific contact event. Half of all players diagnosed with concussions had delayed or unclear timing of onset of symptoms. Most had no externally observed findings. Diagnosis was usually based on a range of self-reported symptoms after a variable delay. Accelerations clustered in the higher percentiles for all impact events, but encompassed a wide range. These data highlight the heterogeneity of criteria for concussion diagnosis, and in this sports context, its heavy reliance on self-reported symptoms. More specific and standardized definitions of clinical and objective correlates of a “concussion spectrum” may be needed in future research efforts, as well as in the clinical diagnostic arena.

scholarly journals Novel Pre-Season Concussion Baseline Assessment Including Protocols based on Recognizable Clinically-Relevant Neurosensory Methodologies

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (14 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S29.2-S30
Author(s):  
Jonathan Vincent ◽  
Joseph Clark ◽  
Robert Mangine ◽  
Kimberly Hasselfeld ◽  
Aaron Keuhn-Himmler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
And Gender

ObjectiveOur goal was to develop and validate a neurophysiological-centric baseline model that can be appreciated by the broader neuro community and practically utilized by the sports community.BackgroundAs concussions, a mild traumatic brain injury, and other traumatic brain injuries gain notoriety amongst public awareness, there has been a rise in available computer-based concussion baseline assessments. Furthermore, states, sporting agencies, and schools are mandating implementation of concussion baselines. However, validation and standardization of these current baseline neurological tests have been remiss and are often not utilized by medical or neurological practitioners, making their utility suspect.Design/MethodsWe applied our neurocognitive baseline program to college football freshmen and high school aged ice hockey players. The list of baseline assessments is: eye-hand coordination reaction time using the Dynavision D2™ device, stereopsis measurements, phoria, oculomotor performance, electroretinography and visual-evoked potential, binocularity, optical coherence tomography, peripheral vision assessments, and balance.ResultsThe results suggest that this baseline program can be performed as a battery appropriate for a pre-participation examination prior to sport participation. The data derived from said baseline can be interpreted by sport, age and gender specific. These demographics can also be examined for developing normative data and useful for identifying subjects outside this normal.ConclusionsIt is felt that the current state of concussion baselines for athletic organizations are inadequate. We chose to identify a series of baseline tests that are more clinically-relevant and easy to perform as evidenced from the pre-season baseline used by the University of Cincinnati athletes and non-collegiate athletes. These baselines are used as part of the standard pre-participation examination, further providing valuable insight into the development of sports vision training performance enhancement programs and extensively relied upon as a pre-season concussion baseline. We feel this model has enhanced clinical utility compared to the current wide spread computer-based neuropsychological assessments.

Lower Extremity Kinematics of a Single-Leg Squat with an Orthotic in Male and Female Collegiate Athletes

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Joseph ◽  
Kristin L. Holsing ◽  
David Tiberio
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Ankle Eversion ◽  
Female Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Single Leg Squat

Kinematic differences have been linked to the gender discrepancies seen in knee injuries. A medially posted orthotic decreases frontal and transverse plane motions in the lower extremity during ambulation, squatting and landing. This study investigated the effect of a medial post on amount and timing of lower extremity motions during a single-leg squat in male and female athletes. We hypothesized there would be differences in these kinematic variables dependent upon sex and post conditions. Twenty male and female athletes performed single-leg squats with and without a five degree full-length medial post. Maximum joint angles were analyzed using a two-way, repeated-measures analysis of variance to determine if the differences created by post condition were statistically significant, whether there were gender differences, or interactions. Differences in maximum motion values and the time at which they occurred were found between men and women at the hip, knee and ankle. The post decreased all frontal plane measures in both sexes and resulted in earlier attainment of maximum ankle eversion and delayed maximum knee valgus. A medially posted orthotic may be beneficial not only in limiting motion, but in affecting the time in which stressful motions occur.

scholarly journals Sensory reweighting dynamics in human postural control

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (9) ◽  
pp. 1852-1864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenz Assländer ◽  
Robert J. Peterka
Keyword(s):  
Balance Control ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Sensory Reweighting ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Active Feedback ◽  
Orientation Cues ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Low Amplitude ◽  
Control Balance

Healthy humans control balance during stance by using an active feedback mechanism that generates corrective torque based on a combination of movement and orientation cues from visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive systems. Previous studies found that the contribution of each of these sensory systems changes depending on perturbations applied during stance and on environmental conditions. The process of adjusting the sensory contributions to balance control is referred to as sensory reweighting. To investigate the dynamics of reweighting for the sensory modalities of vision and proprioception, 14 healthy young subjects were exposed to six different combinations of continuous visual scene and platform tilt stimuli while sway responses were recorded. Stimuli consisted of two components: 1) a pseudorandom component whose amplitude periodically switched between low and high amplitudes and 2) a low-amplitude sinusoidal component whose amplitude remained constant throughout a trial. These two stimuli were mathematically independent of one another and, thus, permitted separate analyses of sway responses to the two components. For all six stimulus combinations, the sway responses to the constant-amplitude sine were influenced by the changing amplitude of the pseudorandom component in a manner consistent with sensory reweighting. Results show clear evidence of intra- and intermodality reweighting. Reweighting dynamics were asymmetric, with slower reweighting dynamics following a high-to-low transition in the pseudorandom stimulus amplitude compared with low-to-high amplitude shifts, and were also slower for inter- compared with intramodality reweighting.

Head Impact Exposure Alters Neural Synchrony and Complexity in Collegiate Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 757
Author(s):  
Derek C. Monroe ◽  
Nicholas C. Cecchi ◽  
James W. Hicks ◽  
Steven L. Small
Keyword(s):  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Head Impact ◽  
Neural Synchrony

scholarly journals Prevalence of Food Insecurity in Collegiate Athletes Warrants Unique Solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 239-239
Author(s):  
Wesley Mayeux ◽  
Simone Camel ◽  
Crystal Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Us

Abstract Objectives Food insecurity is a public health concern in the US. Collegiate student-athletes may be at increased risk due to the nutritional and physical demands of performance and, limited time for employment and food preparation/intake. The objective of this study was to determine the rate of food insecurity and its characteristics among The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) student-athletes. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of student-athletes attending a public university in rural East Texas in 2018 was conducted. A 26-item questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics and the six-item U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module (US-HFSSM), adapted to reflect the prior six months while training, was administered electronically to NCAA student-athletes. Each affirmative response to the US-HFSSM was given a score of “1” and summed to create a raw score ranging from 0–6. Participants with a score of 0–1 were considered food secure; those with a score of 2–4 (low food secure) or 5–6 (very low food secure) were considered food insecure. Results Ninety-one student-athletes (27% response rate) representing 13 sports completed the questionnaire. Participants were 19.81 ± 1.3 years old, mostly female (85.7%), Caucasian (67%), and of normal weight (BMI of 18.5–24.9 kg/m2; 74.7%). Nearly half (39.6%) reported food insecurity despite receiving wide-ranging assistance via scholarship support (86.1%) and/or the possession of a meal plan (42.9%). Food insecure participants reported limited money (25%) and time (19.4%) as barriers to food intake. Independent-samples t tests were conducted to compare grade point average (GPA) and BMI of food secure and food insecure groups. GPA was lower in the food insecure (M = 3.26, SD = .52) than the food secure group (M = 3.58, SD = .41); (t(63) = 3.06, P = .003) while BMI was higher in the food insecure (M = 24.05, SD = 3.56) than the food secure group (M = 22.85, SD = 2.17); (t(52) = –1.807, P = .077). Conclusions Despite the provision of scholarships and meal plans, the prevalence of food insecurity reported among NCAA student-athletes was similar to previous reports among the general collegiate population. Unique solutions that address the increased nutrient demands and time constraints associated with sport participation are warranted. Funding Sources N/A.

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