Association between physical activity and sedentary behaviour on carotid atherosclerotic plaques: an epidemiological and histological study in 90 asymptomatic patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 469-474
Author(s):  
Pauline Mury ◽  
Mathilde Mura ◽  
Nellie Della-Schiava ◽  
Stéphanie Chanon ◽  
Aurélie Vieille-Marchiset ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Lipid Core ◽  
Fibrous Cap ◽  
Intraplaque Haemorrhage ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Calcium Deposits

ObjectiveCarotid atherosclerotic plaques are a source of emboli for stroke. ‘Unstable’ carotid atherosclerotic plaques may have intraplaque haemorrhages, neovessels, prevalent macrophages, excessive calcium deposits, a large lipid core and a thin fibrous cap. Regular physical activity (PA) may lower the risk of plaques becoming unstable. We evaluated the association of both PA and sedentary behaviour (SB) with carotid plaque histopathology.Methods90 asymptomatic patients who were undergoing carotid endarterectomy for carotid artery narrowing identified on ultrasound reported their PA and SB by questionnaires. We calculated PA intensity in MET (metabolic equivalent of task)-min/week. For analysis, the population was divided into tertiles according to PA (T1PA: the less PA patients; T2PA: the intermediate PA patients; T3PA: the most physically active patients) (T1PA<T2PA<T3PA) and SB (T1SB: the less sedentary behaviour patients; T2SB: the intermediate sedentary behaviour patients; T3SB: the most sedentary behaviour patients) (T1SB<T2SB<T3SB). PA was categorised as one of four PA intensities (600, 900, 1600 and 3000 MET-min/week). We obtained the carotid artery plaque at surgery and performed histological analysis of intraplaque haemorrhages (present/absent), neovessels, macrophages, lipid core, calcium deposits and the fibrous cap.ResultsIntraplaque haemorrhage was less frequent in the most physically active tertile (T3PA, 48%) versus T1PA (74%) and in the least sedentary tertile T1SB (50%) versus T3SB (71%). The intraplaque haemorrhage was less frequent in those who exercised more than 900 MET-min/week (59% vs 47% for >900 and <900 MET-min/week, respectively). All the other features that associate with plaque instability (eg, neovessels, macrophages, etc) did not differ by level of PA or SB.ConclusionIn this cross-sectional study of asymptomatic patients who underwent endarterectomy (i) higher reported PA, (ii) intensity of PA and (iii) lower reported SB were associated with lower prevalence of intraplaque haemorrhage. This could be a mechanism whereby PA protects against cerebrovascular disease (stroke) and death.

Abstract 13: Inhibition of Nudt6 Stabilizes Advanced Atherosclerotic Plaques

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Jin ◽  
Yuhuang Li ◽  
Ekaterina Chernogubova ◽  
Alexandra Bäcklund ◽  
Stina Sellberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Plaque Rupture ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Fibrous Cap ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Rupture Model

Natural antisense transcripts (NATs), a non-coding RNA subclass, being transcribed in antisense direction to protein coding genes, are an intriguing novel class of targetable modulators, exerting crucial effects on gene expression. Aim of the current study was to investigate the contribution of NATs to atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability. Using laser capture micro-dissection, we isolated fibrous caps tissue of carotid artery plaques from 20 symptomatic patients with ruptured lesions vs. 20 samples from asymptomatic patients with stable lesions. A human transcriptome array (HTA; GeneChip 2.0 ) was used to profile the expression of all currently annotated RNA transcripts. Nucleoside diphosphate-linked moiety X motif 6 (NUDT6) was identified as one of the most significantly up-regulated transcripts in fibrous caps of ruptured lesions. Interestingly, NUDT6 is an established antisense RNA targeting the fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). Of importance, FGF2 was among the most significantly down-regulated transcripts in ruptured lesions, corresponding to elevated NUDT6 expression. In situ hybridization in both, human and mouse carotid atherosclerotic plaques, confirmed substantially higher expression levels of NUDT6 in ruptured lesions compared to stable. In addition, in situ hybridization revealed a distinct co-localization with smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in advanced plaques. Overexpression of NUDT6 in cultured human carotid artery SMCs effectively limited FGF2 on the mRNA as well as protein level. Furthermore, reduction of NUDT6 via siRNA stimulated proliferation and blocked apoptosis in SMCs. In an inducible atherosclerotic plaque rupture model using incomplete ligation and cuff placement on common carotid arteries of male apoE -/- mice, NUDT6 inhibition with gapmeRs was able to significantly improve SMC survival rates, leading to thicker fibrous caps, and to reduce the plaque rupture rate compared to scramble-gapmeR control-treated mice (22% vs . 63%, p = 0.03). The present study presents NUDT6 as a novel crucial antisense regulator of fibrous cap stability through steering SMC survival via targeting its sense RNA transcript FGF2.

scholarly journals Invest in physical activity to protect and promote health: the 2020 WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidde P. van der Ploeg ◽  
Fiona C. Bull
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
World Health ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractIn this editorial we discuss the new 2020 World Health Organization guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour and a series of related papers that are published simultaneously in IJBNPA. The new guidelines reaffirm that physical activity is a ‘best buy’ for public health and should be used to support governments to increase investment in policy and research to promote and ensure physical activity opportunities are available for everyone. New recommendations on sedentary behaviour and inclusion of specific guidelines for people living with disability and/or chronic disease and pregnant and postpartum women are major developments since 2010. We discuss research priorities, as well as policy implementation and the contribution to the sustainable development agenda. The new guidelines can catalyse the paradigm shifts needed to enable equitable opportunities to be physically active for everyone, everywhere, every day.

Physical activity and public health

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Nyssa T. Hadgraft ◽  
Neville Owen ◽  
Paddy C. Dempsey
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Public Health Challenges ◽  
Manual Tasks

There are well-established chronic disease prevention and broader public health benefits associated with being physically active. However, large proportions of the adult populations of developed countries and rapidly urbanizing developing countries are inactive. Additionally, many people’s lives are now characterized by large amounts of time spent sitting—at work, at home, and in automobiles. Widespread urbanization, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, has resulted in large segments of traditionally active rural populations moving into cities. Many previously manual tasks in the occupational and household sectors have become automated, making life easier and safer in many respects. However, a pervasive consequence of these developments is that large numbers of people globally are now going about their daily lives in environments that place them at risk of overweight and obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other health problems. This represents a formidable set of public health challenges. In this context, the present chapter describes: key definitions and distinctions relating to physical activity, exercise, and sedentary behaviour; current evidence on relationships physical inactivity and sitting time with health outcomes, and associated public health recommendations; prevalence and trends in physical activity and sedentary behaviours, and some of the key issues for surveillance and measurement; and, how physical activity and sedentary behaviour may be understood in ways that will inform broad-based public health approaches. An interdisciplinary and intersectoral strategy is emphasized. This requires working with constituencies beyond the public health field, such as urban planning, architecture, occupational health and safety, and social policy.

scholarly journals Tossing and turning: association of sleep quantity–quality with physical activity in COPD

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 00370-2020
Author(s):  
Raquel Pastrello Hirata ◽  
Daniele Caroline Dala Pola ◽  
Lorena Paltanin Schneider ◽  
Mariana Pereira Bertoche ◽  
Karina Couto Furlanetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Walking Test ◽  
Sleep Quantity ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
Active Patients ◽  
Physically Inactive

The association between characteristics of sleep and physical activity in daily life (PADL) has not yet been investigated in depth in subjects with COPD. This study evaluated whether time spent per day in physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour are associated with sleep quantity and quality in this population.Sleep and PADL were objectively assessed by an activity monitor for 7 days and analysed on a minute-by-minute basis. Subjects also underwent spirometry and 6-min walking test (6MWT).Fifty-five subjects with moderate-to-severe COPD (28 male, 67±8 years) were studied. Subjects with total time in bed (TIB) per night ≥9 h had higher wake-after-sleep onset than TIB 7–9 h and TIB ≤7 h (195 (147–218) versus 117 (75–167) and 106 (84–156) min) and more fragmented sleep than TIB ≤7 h (8.2 (6.7–14.3) versus 6.3 (5.6–6.9) sleeping bouts; p<0.05 for all). Subjects with TIB ≥9 h also spent more time per day in sedentary behaviour and less time per day in PA of light and moderate-to-vigorous intensity than those with TIB 7–9 h and ≤7 h. In multiple linear regression, TIB ≥9 h was the only significant predictor of physical inactivity (β=−3.3 (−5.1, −1.6), p≤0.0001), accounting for 20% of its variation. Sleep fragmentation was frequent and more pronounced in physically inactive than active patients (7.5 (6.3–9.6) versus 6.4 (5.5–7.3) sleeping bouts; p=0.027).In summary, subjects with COPD with TIB ≥9 h·night−1 have more fragmented sleep, are more sedentary and less physically active than those with <9 h·night−1, independently of the awake time. Sleep quality is frequently poor and even worse in patients classified as physically inactive.

Abstract P154: Leisure-Time Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, And Carotid Atherosclerosis Morphology: The ARIC Carotid-MRI Study

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aarti Kumar ◽  
Ye Qiao ◽  
Bruce Wasserman ◽  
Kelley P Gabriel ◽  
Keith Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Plaque Morphology ◽  
Lipid Core ◽  
Carotid Mri ◽  
Atherosclerosis Development ◽  
Mri Study

Introduction: Studies suggest that greater physical activity (PA) may be associated with favorable carotid artery characteristics, while greater time spent in sedentary behavior (SB) may be a potential risk factor for atherosclerosis development and progression. We evaluated the association between leisure-time PA and SB in midlife and their temporal patterns with carotid atherosclerotic morphology measured by MRI. Methods: ARIC Carotid-MRI participants (n=1582, mean age: 53 years, 43% male, 18% Black) with self-reported assessments of PA and SB at visits 1 (1987-1989) and 3 (1993-1995), who participated in the Carotid MRI substudy in 2004-2006 were included. Self-reported leisure-time PA was categorized based on the American Heart Association’s Life Simple 7 categorization of ideal, intermediate, or poor PA. SB was ascertained based on participant report of how often they watched television during leisure-time, and categorized as low [“never”/ “seldom”], medium [“sometimes”], or high [“often”/“very often”]. To measure persistent PA and SB, we examined participants who reported the same level of PA (n=849) or SB (n=954) at both visits 1 and 3. Carotid MRI using a 1.5T scanner quantified internal carotid artery wall thickness, lipid core, and calcification measures. Weighted analyses accounted for the sampling design allowing for generalizability to the visit 1 ARIC population. Multivariable linear and logistic regression were used for continuous and categorical outcomes, respectively. All models were adjusted for demographic, behavioral, and lifestyle factors. Results: Though no clear trends were observed for PA, higher levels of SB were associated with a greater odds of lipid core presence and lower odds of calcification (Table). Similar trends were observed for the persistence analyses, though none were statistically significant. Conclusions: PA and SB may influence atherosclerotic plaque characteristics. SB and lack of PA may have different measurable effects on plaque morphology.

scholarly journals Are people in the bush really physically active? A systematic review and meta-analysis of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in rural Australians populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Ivan Mesa Castrillon ◽  
Paula R Beckenkamp ◽  
Manuela L Ferreira ◽  
Jose A Michell ◽  
Vania Alice de Aguiar Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Physically Active

scholarly journals Sedentary Behaviour and Physical Activity of People with Stroke in Rehabilitation Hospitals

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sjöholm ◽  
Monica Skarin ◽  
Leonid Churilov ◽  
Michael Nilsson ◽  
Julie Bernhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Stroke Rehabilitation ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Sedentary Bouts ◽  
Rehabilitation Hospitals ◽  
Lying Down ◽  
Sedentary Activities

Background. Sedentary behaviour is associated with health risks, independent of physical activity. This study aimed to investigate patterns of sedentary behaviour and physical activity among stroke survivors in rehabilitation hospitals.Methods. Stroke survivors admitted to four Swedish hospital-based rehabilitation units were recruited ≥7 days since stroke onset and their activity was measured using behavioural mapping. Sedentary behaviour was defined as lying down or sitting supported.Results. 104 patients were observed (53% men). Participants spent an average of 74% (standard deviation, SD 21%) of the observed day in sedentary activities. Continuous sedentary bouts of ≥1 hour represented 44% (SD 32%) of the observed day. A higher proportion (30%, SD 7%) of participants were physically active between 9:00 AM and 12:30 PM, compared to the rest of the observed day (23%, SD 6%,P<0.0005). Patients had higher odds of being physically active in the hall (odds ratio, OR 1.7,P=0.001) than in the therapy area.Conclusions. The time stroke survivors spend in stroke rehabilitation units may not be used in the most efficient way to promote maximal recovery. Interventions to promote reduced sedentary time could help improve outcome and these should be tested in clinical trials.

scholarly journals Multi-sequence In vivo MRI can Quantify Fibrous Cap and Lipid Core Components in Human Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A Trivedi ◽  
J U-King-Im ◽  
M.J Graves ◽  
J Horsley ◽  
M Goddard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Lipid Core ◽  
Fibrous Cap ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Human Carotid

scholarly journals Dose-response association between physical activity and sedentary time categories on ageing biomarkers

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asier Mañas ◽  
Borja del Pozo-Cruz ◽  
Irene Rodríguez-Gómez ◽  
Javier Leal-Martín ◽  
José Losa-Reyna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Physically Inactive

Abstract Background Physical activity and sedentary behaviour have been suggested to independently affect a number of health outcomes. To what extent different combinations of physical activity and sedentary behaviour may influence physical function and frailty outcomes in older adults is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the combination of mutually exclusive categories of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time on physical function and frailty in older adults. Methods 771 older adults (54% women; 76.8 ± 4.9 years) from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging participated in this cross-sectional study. Physical activity and sedentary time were measured by accelerometry. Physically active was defined as meeting current aerobic guidelines for older adults proposed by the World Health Organization. Low sedentary was defined as residing in the lowest quartile of the light physical activity-to-sedentary time ratio. Participants were then classified into one of four mutually exclusive movement patterns: (1) ‘physically active & low sedentary’, (2) ‘physically active & high sedentary’, (3) ‘physically inactive & low sedentary’, and (4) ‘physically inactive & high sedentary’. The Short Physical Performance Battery was used to measure physical function and frailty was assessed using the Frailty Trait Scale. Results ‘Physically active & low sedentary’ and ‘physically active & high sedentary’ individuals had significantly higher levels of physical function (β = 1.73 and β = 1.30 respectively; all p < 0.001) and lower frailty (β = − 13.96 and β = − 8.71 respectively; all p < 0.001) compared to ‘physically inactive & high sedentary’ participants. Likewise, ‘physically inactive & low sedentary’ group had significantly lower frailty (β = − 2.50; p = 0.05), but significance was not reached for physical function. Conclusions We found a dose-response association of the different movement patterns analysed in this study with physical function and frailty. Meeting the physical activity guidelines was associated with the most beneficial physical function and frailty profiles in our sample. Among inactive people, more light intensity relative to sedentary time was associated with better frailty status. These results point out to the possibility of stepwise interventions (i.e. targeting less strenuous activities) to promote successful aging, particularly in inactive older adults.

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