scholarly journals Dose-response association between physical activity and sedentary time categories on ageing biomarkers

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asier Mañas ◽  
Borja del Pozo-Cruz ◽  
Irene Rodríguez-Gómez ◽  
Javier Leal-Martín ◽  
José Losa-Reyna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Physically Inactive

Abstract Background Physical activity and sedentary behaviour have been suggested to independently affect a number of health outcomes. To what extent different combinations of physical activity and sedentary behaviour may influence physical function and frailty outcomes in older adults is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the combination of mutually exclusive categories of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time on physical function and frailty in older adults. Methods 771 older adults (54% women; 76.8 ± 4.9 years) from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging participated in this cross-sectional study. Physical activity and sedentary time were measured by accelerometry. Physically active was defined as meeting current aerobic guidelines for older adults proposed by the World Health Organization. Low sedentary was defined as residing in the lowest quartile of the light physical activity-to-sedentary time ratio. Participants were then classified into one of four mutually exclusive movement patterns: (1) ‘physically active & low sedentary’, (2) ‘physically active & high sedentary’, (3) ‘physically inactive & low sedentary’, and (4) ‘physically inactive & high sedentary’. The Short Physical Performance Battery was used to measure physical function and frailty was assessed using the Frailty Trait Scale. Results ‘Physically active & low sedentary’ and ‘physically active & high sedentary’ individuals had significantly higher levels of physical function (β = 1.73 and β = 1.30 respectively; all p < 0.001) and lower frailty (β = − 13.96 and β = − 8.71 respectively; all p < 0.001) compared to ‘physically inactive & high sedentary’ participants. Likewise, ‘physically inactive & low sedentary’ group had significantly lower frailty (β = − 2.50; p = 0.05), but significance was not reached for physical function. Conclusions We found a dose-response association of the different movement patterns analysed in this study with physical function and frailty. Meeting the physical activity guidelines was associated with the most beneficial physical function and frailty profiles in our sample. Among inactive people, more light intensity relative to sedentary time was associated with better frailty status. These results point out to the possibility of stepwise interventions (i.e. targeting less strenuous activities) to promote successful aging, particularly in inactive older adults.

scholarly journals New global guidelines on sedentary behaviour and health for adults: broadening the behavioural targets

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paddy C. Dempsey ◽  
Stuart J. H. Biddle ◽  
Matthew P. Buman ◽  
Sebastien Chastin ◽  
Ulf Ekelund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
World Health

Abstract Background In 2018, the World Health Organisation (WHO) commenced a program of work to update the 2010 Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, for the first-time providing population-based guidelines on sedentary behaviour. This paper briefly summarizes and highlights the scientific evidence behind the new sedentary behaviour guidelines for all adults and discusses its strengths and limitations, including evidence gaps/research needs and potential implications for public health practice. Methods An overview of the scope and methods used to update the evidence is provided, along with quality assessment and grading methods for the eligible new systematic reviews. The literature search update was conducted for WHO by an external team and reviewers used the AMSTAR 2 (Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews) tool for critical appraisal of the systematic reviews under consideration for inclusion. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) method was used to rate the certainty (i.e. very low to high) of the evidence. Results The updated systematic review identified 22 new reviews published from 2017 up to August 2019, 14 of which were incorporated into the final evidence profiles. Overall, there was moderate certainty evidence that higher amounts of sedentary behaviour increase the risk for all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality, as well as incidence of CVD, cancer, and type 2 diabetes. However, evidence was deemed insufficient at present to set quantified (time-based) recommendations for sedentary time. Moderate certainty evidence also showed that associations between sedentary behaviour and all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality vary by level of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), which underpinned additional guidance around MVPA in the context of high sedentary time. Finally, there was insufficient or low-certainty systematic review evidence on the type or domain of sedentary behaviour, or the frequency and/or duration of bouts or breaks in sedentary behaviour, to make specific recommendations for the health outcomes examined. Conclusions The WHO 2020 guidelines are based on the latest evidence on sedentary behaviour and health, along with interactions between sedentary behaviour and MVPA, and support implementing public health programmes and policies aimed at increasing MVPA and limiting sedentary behaviour. Important evidence gaps and research opportunities are identified.

scholarly journals Invest in physical activity to protect and promote health: the 2020 WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidde P. van der Ploeg ◽  
Fiona C. Bull
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
World Health ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractIn this editorial we discuss the new 2020 World Health Organization guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour and a series of related papers that are published simultaneously in IJBNPA. The new guidelines reaffirm that physical activity is a ‘best buy’ for public health and should be used to support governments to increase investment in policy and research to promote and ensure physical activity opportunities are available for everyone. New recommendations on sedentary behaviour and inclusion of specific guidelines for people living with disability and/or chronic disease and pregnant and postpartum women are major developments since 2010. We discuss research priorities, as well as policy implementation and the contribution to the sustainable development agenda. The new guidelines can catalyse the paradigm shifts needed to enable equitable opportunities to be physically active for everyone, everywhere, every day.

Predictivity of International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form for 5-Year Incident Disability Among Japanese Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Satoshi Kurita ◽  
Takehiko Doi ◽  
Kota Tsutsumimoto ◽  
Sho Nakakubo ◽  
Hideaki Ishii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
International Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
Japanese Older Adults ◽  
Activity Questionnaire ◽  
Physically Inactive

Background: This study aimed to examine whether physical activity measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) can predict incident disability in Japanese older adults. Methods: Community-dwelling older adults participated in a prospective cohort survey. The time spent in moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity was assessed at the survey baseline using the IPAQ-SF. The participants were categorized into those who spent ≥150 minutes per week (physically active) or <150 minutes per week (physically inactive) in moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity. Incident disability was monitored through Long-Term Care Insurance certification during a follow-up lasting 5 years. Results: Among the 4387 analyzable participants (mean age = 75.8 y, 53.5% female), the IPAQ-SF grouped 1577 (35.9%) and 2810 (64.1%) participants as those who were physically active and inactive, respectively. A log-rank test showed a significantly higher incidence of disability among the inactive group of participants (P < .001). The Cox proportional hazards model showed that physically inactive participants had a higher risk of incident disability than the physically active ones did, even after adjusting for covariates (hazard ratio, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.07–1.45, P < .001). Conclusions: Older adults identified as physically inactive using the IPAQ-SF had a greater risk of developing disabilities than those identified as physically active. The IPAQ-SF seems to be appropriate to estimate the incidence risk of disability.

Does Gender Influence Physical Activity and Psychosocial Factors in Older Exercisers? A Pilot Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Orsega-Smith ◽  
Nancy Getchell ◽  
Lindsay Palkovitz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Psychosocial Characteristics ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Gender Influence

How does gender influence physical and psychosocial characteristics in physically active older adults? Much of the previous research on physical function in older women focuses on either the frailty of older women or on physical function irrespective of gender. These studies leave unknown the specific influence of regular physical activity on older women.Furthermore, few studies have examined the relationship between physical activity and psychosocial characteristics in older exercisers. We wanted to investigate whether differences exist between groups of older female and male adults who maintain a physically active lifestyle. Twenty-three female and 14 male physically active older adults performed physical function tests (i.e., chair stands, timed up-and-go, 6-minute walk) and filled out questionnaires related to psychosocial measures (i.e., social support, self-esteem, satisfaction with life). There were no differences in any physical function between the groups, and only one psychosocial measure (guidance) statistically differed (F (1, 31) = 4.14, p = .044). These results suggest that physically active women may not necessarily follow the trajectory towards frailty. More research needs to be done with a greater range of ages and physical activity levels.

scholarly journals Impact of the Home Confinement Related to COVID-19 on the Device-Assessed Physical Activity and Sedentary Patterns of Spanish Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ángel I. Fernández-García ◽  
Jorge Marin-Puyalto ◽  
Alba Gómez-Cabello ◽  
Ángel Matute-Llorente ◽  
Jorge Subías-Perié ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Sedentary Behaviours ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Phase 0 ◽  
Sedentary Bouts

The main objective of this study was to device-assess the levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviour patterns of older adults during the situation prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, home confinement, and phase-0 of the deescalation. We also aimed to analyse the effectiveness of an unsupervised home-based exercise routine to counteract the potential increase in sedentary behaviour during the periods within the pandemic. A total of 18 noninstitutionalized older adults( 78.4 ± 6.0  y.), members of the Spanish cohort of the EXERNET-Elder 3.0 project, participated in the study. They were recommended to perform an exercise prescription based on resistance, balance, and aerobic exercises during the pandemic. Wrist triaxial accelerometers (ActiGraph GT9X) were used to assess the percentage of sedentary time, physical activity, sedentary bouts and breaks of sedentary time. An ANOVA for repeated measures was performed to analyse the differences between the three different periods. During home quarantine, older adults spent more time in sedentary behaviours ( 71.6 ± 5.3 % ) in comparison with either the situation prior to the pandemic ( 65.5 ± 6.7 % ) or the ending of isolation ( 67.7 ± 7.1 % ) (all p < 0.05 ). Moreover, participants performed less bouts of physical activity and with a shorter duration during home quarantine (both p < 0.05 ). Additionally, no differences in the physical activity behaviours were found between the situation prior to the pandemic and the phase-0 of deescalation. According to our results, the home confinement could negatively affect health due to increased sedentary lifestyle and the reduction of physical activity. Therefore, our unsupervised exercise program does not seem to be a completely effective strategy at least in this period.

scholarly journals Tossing and turning: association of sleep quantity–quality with physical activity in COPD

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 00370-2020
Author(s):  
Raquel Pastrello Hirata ◽  
Daniele Caroline Dala Pola ◽  
Lorena Paltanin Schneider ◽  
Mariana Pereira Bertoche ◽  
Karina Couto Furlanetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Walking Test ◽  
Sleep Quantity ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
Active Patients ◽  
Physically Inactive

The association between characteristics of sleep and physical activity in daily life (PADL) has not yet been investigated in depth in subjects with COPD. This study evaluated whether time spent per day in physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour are associated with sleep quantity and quality in this population.Sleep and PADL were objectively assessed by an activity monitor for 7 days and analysed on a minute-by-minute basis. Subjects also underwent spirometry and 6-min walking test (6MWT).Fifty-five subjects with moderate-to-severe COPD (28 male, 67±8 years) were studied. Subjects with total time in bed (TIB) per night ≥9 h had higher wake-after-sleep onset than TIB 7–9 h and TIB ≤7 h (195 (147–218) versus 117 (75–167) and 106 (84–156) min) and more fragmented sleep than TIB ≤7 h (8.2 (6.7–14.3) versus 6.3 (5.6–6.9) sleeping bouts; p<0.05 for all). Subjects with TIB ≥9 h also spent more time per day in sedentary behaviour and less time per day in PA of light and moderate-to-vigorous intensity than those with TIB 7–9 h and ≤7 h. In multiple linear regression, TIB ≥9 h was the only significant predictor of physical inactivity (β=−3.3 (−5.1, −1.6), p≤0.0001), accounting for 20% of its variation. Sleep fragmentation was frequent and more pronounced in physically inactive than active patients (7.5 (6.3–9.6) versus 6.4 (5.5–7.3) sleeping bouts; p=0.027).In summary, subjects with COPD with TIB ≥9 h·night−1 have more fragmented sleep, are more sedentary and less physically active than those with <9 h·night−1, independently of the awake time. Sleep quality is frequently poor and even worse in patients classified as physically inactive.

scholarly journals Sedentary Behaviour and Physical Activity of People with Stroke in Rehabilitation Hospitals

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sjöholm ◽  
Monica Skarin ◽  
Leonid Churilov ◽  
Michael Nilsson ◽  
Julie Bernhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Stroke Rehabilitation ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Sedentary Bouts ◽  
Rehabilitation Hospitals ◽  
Lying Down ◽  
Sedentary Activities

Background. Sedentary behaviour is associated with health risks, independent of physical activity. This study aimed to investigate patterns of sedentary behaviour and physical activity among stroke survivors in rehabilitation hospitals.Methods. Stroke survivors admitted to four Swedish hospital-based rehabilitation units were recruited ≥7 days since stroke onset and their activity was measured using behavioural mapping. Sedentary behaviour was defined as lying down or sitting supported.Results. 104 patients were observed (53% men). Participants spent an average of 74% (standard deviation, SD 21%) of the observed day in sedentary activities. Continuous sedentary bouts of ≥1 hour represented 44% (SD 32%) of the observed day. A higher proportion (30%, SD 7%) of participants were physically active between 9:00 AM and 12:30 PM, compared to the rest of the observed day (23%, SD 6%,P<0.0005). Patients had higher odds of being physically active in the hall (odds ratio, OR 1.7,P=0.001) than in the therapy area.Conclusions. The time stroke survivors spend in stroke rehabilitation units may not be used in the most efficient way to promote maximal recovery. Interventions to promote reduced sedentary time could help improve outcome and these should be tested in clinical trials.

scholarly journals Expectations Regarding Aging, Physical Activity, and Physical Function in Older Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 233372141770235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aili I. Breda ◽  
Amber S. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Function Method ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Active Lifestyles ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: The present study examined how expectations regarding aging (ERA) influence physical activity participation and physical function. Method: We surveyed 148 older adults about their ERA (ERA-38), health-promoting lifestyles (HPLP-II), and self-rated health (RAND-36). We tested the mediating effect of physical activity on the relationships between ERA and physical function. Results: Positive expectations were associated with more engagement in physical activity ( B = 0.016, p < .05) and better physical function ( B = 0.521, p < .01). Physical activity mediated the relationship between ERA and physical function ( B = 5.890, p < .01, indirect effect 0.092, CI = [0.015, 0.239]). Discussion: ERA play an important role in adoption of physically active lifestyles in older adults and may influence health outcomes, such as physical function. Future research should evaluate whether attempts to increase physical activity are more successful when modifications to ERA are also targeted.

scholarly journals Keeping adults physically active after Falls Management Exercise (FaME) programmes end: development of a physical activity maintenance intervention

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Audsley ◽  
Denise Kendrick ◽  
Pip Logan ◽  
Elizabeth Orton
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Intervention Mapping ◽  
Falls Prevention ◽  
Implementation Plan ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Mapping Approach ◽  
Exercise Programmes

Abstract Background Falls prevention exercise programmes help to improve muscle strength, balance and physical function, and reduce falling rates in older adults. Improvements in muscle strength, balance and physical function are reversed if older adults do not continue to be physically active after falls prevention exercise programmes end. This paper describes the design process of an intervention that aimed to maintain physical activity in older adults exiting falls prevention exercise programmes. Methods The development of the Keeping Adults Physically Active (KAPA) intervention and its implementation plan was guided by Bartholomew’s Intervention Mapping approach. The intervention mapping approach involved (1) performing a needs assessment and developing intervention objectives using previous literature; (2) identifying theory-based intervention strategies from a systematic review and the National Institute of Clinical Excellence guidelines; and (3) designing the KAPA intervention and its implementation plan with the guidance from an expert steering group. Results The KAPA intervention comprised of six group sessions of motivational interviewing, delivered monthly by trained and mentor-supported falls prevention practitioners. Intervention sessions lasted up to 90 min and were delivered in community settings over a 6-month duration. Participant manuals, illustrated exercise books, physical activity diaries and pedometers supported the KAPA intervention. Conclusions The intervention development process, consisting of Bartholomew’s Intervention Mapping approach and the input from an expert steering group, was successful in creating the evidence-based KAPA intervention ready to be evaluated in a feasibility trial.

scholarly journals Impact of the home confinement related to COVID-19 on the device-assessed physical activity and sedentary patterns of Spanish older adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángel I. Fernández-García ◽  
Jorge Marin-Puyalto ◽  
Alba Gómez-Cabello ◽  
Ángel Matute-Llorente ◽  
Jorge Subías-Perié ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Effective Alternative ◽  
List Type ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Exercise Routine ◽  
Unsupervised Training

AbstractObjectivesThe main objective of this study was to device-assess the levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviour patterns of older adults during the situation prior to COVID-19 pandemic, home-quarantine and the ending of isolation. We also aimed analysing the effectiveness of an unsupervised home-based exercise routine to counteract the potential increase in sedentary behaviour during the periods within the pandemic.Methods18 non-institutionalized elderly (78.4±6.0 y.), members of the Spanish cohort of EXERNET-Elder 3.0 project participated in the study. They were recommended to perform an exercise prescription based on resistance, balance and aerobic exercises during the pandemic. Wrist triaxial accelerometers (ActiGraph GT9X) were used to assess the percentage of sedentary time, physical activity and sedentary bouts and breaks of sedentary time. An ANOVA for repeated measures was performed to analyse the differences between the three different periods.ResultsDuring home-quarantine, older adults spent more time in sedentary behaviours (71.6±5.3%) in comparison with either the situation prior to the pandemic (65.5±6.7%) or the ending of isolation (67.7±7.1%) (all p<0.05). Moreover, participants performed less bouts of physical activity and with a shorter duration during home quarantine (both p<0.05). Additionally, no differences in the physical activity behaviours were found between the situation prior to the pandemic and the ending of isolation.ConclusionsAccording with our results, the home-quarantine could negatively affect health due to increased sedentary lifestyle and the reduction of physical activity. Therefore, our unsupervised exercise program does not seem to be a completely effective strategy at least in this period.What is already known on this topicAlthough the available information is scarce and includes subjective methodology (questionnaires), it seems that the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected physical activity patterns.It is known that physical activity interventions are effective in improving health and reducing sedentary lifestyle in older adults. Nevertheless, little is known about whether an unsupervised home-based exercise routine is an effective alternative to counteract the potential increase in sedentary behaviour in this specific population during the pandemic lockdown.What are the findings? / What this study addsDespite unsupervised training, during home-quarantine, older adults spent more sedentary time than in the situation prior to COVID-19 and the ending of isolation (phase 0).There were no differences in break of sedentary time patterns between the situation prior to COVID-19 and the periods within the pandemic.During home-quarantine older adults performed fewer and shorter physical activity bouts than in the situation prior to COVID-19 despite unsupervised training.Our unsupervised home-exercise routine was not a completely effective alternative to avoid the increase of sedentary behaviour during home-quarantine.How might it impact on clinical practice in the future?Our findings can be used as a starting point to manage isolation restrictions more effectively and to develop strategies to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour among older adults during situations of forced lockdowns, as in the present COVID-19 pandemic.

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