Higher circulating orosomucoid, an acute-phase protein, and reduced glucose-induced insulin secretion in middle-aged Japanese people with prediabetes

IntroductionCirculating orosomucoid, an acute-phase protein, predicted type 2 diabetes mellitus risk in several Western countries. Here, we assessed serum orosomucoid (ORM) in relation to prediabetes in the Japanese.Research design and methodsParticipants consisted of 83 middle-aged Japanese subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 37 with prediabetes and 4 with newly identified diabetes, whose homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) averaged 1.1±0.7, 1.4±0.9 and 1.7±0.8, respectively. Body composition, serum inflammatory markers, adiponectin, β-cell function and insulin resistance inferred from serum insulin kinetics during an oral glucose tolerance test were compared cross-sectionally between those with prediabetes and NGT.ResultsSerum orosomucoid, but not high-sensitivity C reactive protein, was elevated in prediabetes (190±29 vs 141±31 mg/dL) with further elevation in diabetes (295±52 mg/dL) (all p<0.001). Prediabetes was associated with lower Oral Disposition Index (the product of the Insulinogenic Index and Matsuda Index) with further depression in diabetes. No association was found with skeletal muscle mass, HOMA-IR, serum triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and adiponectin.ConclusionsHigher circulating ORM and reduced glucose induced insulin secretion were found in middle-aged Japanese people with prediabetes in the absence of insulin resistance.

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Sustained Decrease of Early-Phase Insulin Secretion in Japanese Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus who Developed Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Impaired Fasting Glucose Postpartum

Japanese Clinical Medicine ◽

10.4137/jcm.s32743 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. JCM.S32743 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hiroko Katayama ◽

Daisuke Tachibana ◽

Akihiro Hamuro ◽

Takuya Misugi ◽

Koka Motoyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Insulin Secretion ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Plasma Glucose Level ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Japanese Women ◽

Insulinogenic Index ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Homeostasis Model Assessment

Objective The aim of this study was to compare glucose intolerance in the antenatal and the postpartum periods using a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in the Japanese women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) using a retrospective design. Patients and Methods Data were obtained from 85 Japanese women with GDM who delivered from April 2011 through April 2015 and who underwent an OGTT 6–14 weeks postpartum. The women were divided into two groups based on the results of the postpartum OGTT: one group with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and the other with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) as well as impaired fasting glucose (IFG). We analyzed the associations between postpartum IGT–IFG and various factors. Results Antenatally, a significant difference was observed between the groups only in the 1-hour plasma glucose level of the 75-g OGTT. Postpartum results of plasma glucose level were significantly higher at 0.5, 1, and 2 hours in the IGT–IFG group than those in the NGT group. Moreover, a significant decrease in the levels of 0.5-hour immunoreactive insulin and insulinogenic index was observed in the IGT–IFG group compared to those in the NGT group. Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance and homeostasis model assessment β-cell function of both groups were found to significantly decrease in the postpartum period; however, there was no significant change in the insulinogenic index of either group. Conclusions Our study clearly showed that the postpartum IGT and IFG levels of Japanese women with GDM are affected by impaired early-phase insulin secretion; however, insulin resistance promptly improves.

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Fasting Blood Glucose Predicts Incidence of Hypertension Independent of HbA1c Levels and Insulin Resistance in Middle-Aged Japanese: The Saku Study

American Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1093/ajh/hpz123 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (12) ◽

pp. 1178-1185 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yukako Tatsumi ◽

Akiko Morimoto ◽

Kei Asayama ◽

Nao Sonoda ◽

Naomi Miyamatsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Insulin Secretion ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Impaired Insulin Secretion ◽

Impaired Insulin ◽

Hba1c Levels

Abstract BACKGROUND Relationships between blood glucose (BG) levels and insulin action, and incidence of hypertension have not been well known epidemiologically. This study aimed to investigate the association between indices of diabetes and the incidence of hypertension and compare the predictive powers of these indices in middle-aged Japanese. METHODS This 5-year cohort study included 2,210 Japanese aged 30–64 years without hypertension. Hazard ratios of high fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, high post-loaded BG levels, high glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, insulin resistance (defined by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) and impaired insulin secretion at baseline for the incidence of hypertension were estimated using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mm Hg or receiving antihypertensive treatment. RESULTS During the follow-up, 456 participants developed hypertension. After adjustment for HbA1c and HOMA-IR, FBG was independently and significantly associated with hypertension. The hazard ratio of participants with FBG ≥ 7.0 mmol/l was 1.79 compared with those with FBG < 5.6 mmol/l. Even among those with HbA1c < 6.5%, HOMA-IR < 2.5, body mass index < 25 kg/m2, age < 55 years old, blood pressure < 130/80 mm Hg or non- and moderate drinking, the results were similar. High 120-minute BG level and impaired insulin secretion did not increase the risk for hypertension. CONCLUSIONS FBG was a predictable index for future incidence of hypertension in middle-aged Japanese men and women. This is the first study comparing predictive powers of indices of diabetes for the incidence of hypertension.

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Comparison of Glucose Tolerance between Kidney Transplant Recipients and Healthy Controls

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8070920 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 920 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hisao Shimada ◽

Junji Uchida ◽

Shunji Nishide ◽

Kazuya Kabei ◽

Akihiro Kosoku ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Insulin Secretion ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Kidney Transplant ◽

Glucose Intolerance ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Transplant Recipients ◽

Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽

Metabolic Complications

Post-transplant hyperglycemia and new-onset diabetes mellitus after transplantation (NODAT) are common and important metabolic complications. Decreased insulin secretion and increased insulin resistance are important to the pathophysiologic mechanism behind NODAT. However, the progression of glucose intolerance diagnosed late after kidney transplantation remains clearly unknown. Enrolled in this study were 94 kidney transplant recipients and 134 kidney transplant donors, as the healthy controls, who were treated at our institution. The 75 g-oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in the recipients, and the healthy controls received an OGTT before donor nephrectomy. We assessed the prevalence of glucose intolerance including impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance, as well as insulin secretion and insulin resistance using the homeostasis model assessment, and compared the results between the two groups. Multivariate analysis after adjustment for age, gender, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and systolic blood pressure showed that the prevalence of glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, insulin secretion, and 2 h plasma glucose levels were significantly higher in the kidney transplant recipients compared to the healthy controls. Elevation of insulin secretion in kidney transplant recipients may be compensatory for increase of insulin resistance. Impaired compensatory pancreas β cell function may lead to glucose intolerance and NODAT in the future.

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Leaner Women with Impaired Insulin Secretion Accounts for about 40% of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Japan

Journal of Pregnancy ◽

10.1155/2019/7578403 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Seishi Furukawa ◽

Yoichi Kobayashi

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Insulin Secretion ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽

Impaired Insulin Secretion ◽

Impaired Insulin

Aim. To identify the involvement of leanness and impaired insulin secretion with Japanese gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted comprising 219 at-risk pregnant women who underwent a 75g glucose tolerance test at a single institute in Tokyo, Japan. We identified GDM and normal glucose tolerance (NGT). The cut-off value of the homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) for detecting GDM was determined. The GDM group was divided into subgroups according to insulin resistance based on the cut-off value of HOMA-IR. We compared the prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) between the group comprising low insulin resistance (LIR) and the group comprising high insulin resistance (HIR). Results. Seventy GDM cases and 149 NGT cases were identified. By using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the HOMA-IR cut-off value was determined to be 1.41. Twenty-five GDM cases (36%) were classified as LIR and forty-five GDM cases (64%) were classified as HIR. The background including indications for having 75gOGTT and the gestational age having 75gOGTT did not differ between groups. The BMI of the LIR group was significantly lower than that of the HIR group (20.9±2.8 vs. 24.4 ± 5.5, p<0.01), and the HOMA-β of the LIR group was significantly lower than that of the HIR group (95.5±30.3 vs. 146.0±70.1, p<0.01). A positive linear correlation was found between BMI and HOMA-β in cases of GDM (r=0.27, p=0.02). Conclusion. Leanness with impaired insulin secretion is deeply involved in Japanese gestational diabetes mellitus.

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Elevated circulating levels of the serum acute-phase protein YKL-40 (chitinase 3-like protein 1) are a marker of obesity and insulin resistance in prepubertal children

Metabolism ◽

10.1016/j.metabol.2011.09.004 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 562-568 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Ioannis Kyrgios ◽

Assimina Galli-Tsinopoulou ◽

Charilaos Stylianou ◽

Eleni Papakonstantinou ◽

Malamatenia Arvanitidou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Acute Phase ◽

Acute Phase Protein ◽

Prepubertal Children ◽

Phase Protein ◽

Circulating Levels

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Plasma Secretagogin is Increased in Individuals with Glucose Dysregulation

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes ◽

10.1055/a-1001-2244 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Chao Yang ◽

Hua Qu ◽

Xiaolan Zhao ◽

Yingru Hu ◽

Jiayao Xiong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Insulin Secretion ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Cell Function ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽

Β Cells ◽

Β Cell ◽

Β Cell Function ◽

First Phase Insulin Secretion

Abstract Objective Secretagogin, a Ca2+ binding protein, is one of the most abundant proteins in pancreatic β-cells and is critical for maintaining the structural integrity and signaling competence of β-cells. This study seeks to assess the concentrations of plasma secretagogin in participants with prediabetes (pre-DM) and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and to explore its relationship to parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism, first-phase insulin secretion, insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell function. Materials and Methods A total of 126 eligible subjects were divided into three groups: a normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n=45), a pre-DM (n=30), and a T2DM (n=51) group. An intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed, and clinical and biochemical parameters were measured for all subjects. Results Plasma secretagogin levels were significantly higher in both pre-DM and T2DM patients compared with NGT subjects and were highest in the T2DM group. Correlation analysis showed that plasma secretagogin levels were positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose, postchallenge plasma glucose (2hPG), HbA1c and body mass index (BMI) but were not correlated with waist-hip ratio, blood pressure, lipid profiles, fasting serum insulin, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, homeostasis model assessment for β-cell function and first-phase insulin secretion indicators. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that 2hPG and BMI were independent predictors for elevation of plasma secretagogin concentrations. Conclusions Increased circulating secretagogin might be a molecular predictor for early diagnosis of diabetes. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding and explore the role of secretagogin in obesity.

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Impact of Long-Acting Somatostatin Analogues on Glucose Metabolism in Acromegaly: A Hospital-Based Study

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2018/3015854 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ming Shen ◽

Meng Wang ◽

Wenqiang He ◽

Min He ◽

Nidan Qiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Secretion ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Insulinogenic Index ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Treatment Naïve ◽

Glucose Tolerance Status ◽

Long Acting ◽

The Impact

Purpose. To evaluate the change in glucose tolerance in treatment-naïve patients with acromegaly after administration of SSA and to identify predictive factors of glucose impairment during SSA therapy. Methods. Oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) was performed on 64 newly diagnosed and treatment-naïve patients with acromegaly both at pretreatment and 3 months after initiation of treatment with long-acting SSA. Insulin resistance (IR) was assessed by homeostatic model assessment- (HOMA-) IR and ISOGTT. Insulin secretion was assessed by HOMA-β, INS0/BG0, IGI (insulinogenic index), IGI/IR, ISSI2, and AUCINS/AUCBG. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to determine the optimal cutoffs to predict the impact of SSA on glucose metabolism. Results. Pretreatment, 19, 24, and 21 patients were categorized as having normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and diabetes mellitus (DM), respectively. Posttreatment, IR, represented by ISOGTT, was significantly improved in all 3 groups. Insulin secretion, represented by HOMA-β, declined in the NGT and IGT groups, but was unaltered in the DM group. The glucose tolerance status deteriorated in 18 (28.1%) patients, including 13 patients in the NGT group and 5 patients in the IGT group. Deterioration was associated with lower baseline BG120 (plasma glucose 120 min post-OGTT), less reduction of growth hormone (GH), and greater reduction of insulin secretion after SSA therapy. BG120 greater than 8.1 mmol/l provided the greatest sensitivity and specificity in predicting the stabilization and/or improvement of glucose tolerance status after SSA treatment (PPV 90.7%, NPV 66.7%, p<0.001). Conclusions. The deterioration of glucose metabolism induced by SSA treatment is caused by the less reduction of GH and the more inhibition of insulin secretion, which can be predicted by the baseline BG120 during OGTT.

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