scholarly journals Sustained Decrease of Early-Phase Insulin Secretion in Japanese Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus who Developed Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Impaired Fasting Glucose Postpartum

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. JCM.S32743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroko Katayama ◽  
Daisuke Tachibana ◽  
Akihiro Hamuro ◽  
Takuya Misugi ◽  
Koka Motoyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Glucose Level ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
Insulinogenic Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment

Objective The aim of this study was to compare glucose intolerance in the antenatal and the postpartum periods using a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in the Japanese women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) using a retrospective design. Patients and Methods Data were obtained from 85 Japanese women with GDM who delivered from April 2011 through April 2015 and who underwent an OGTT 6–14 weeks postpartum. The women were divided into two groups based on the results of the postpartum OGTT: one group with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and the other with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) as well as impaired fasting glucose (IFG). We analyzed the associations between postpartum IGT–IFG and various factors. Results Antenatally, a significant difference was observed between the groups only in the 1-hour plasma glucose level of the 75-g OGTT. Postpartum results of plasma glucose level were significantly higher at 0.5, 1, and 2 hours in the IGT–IFG group than those in the NGT group. Moreover, a significant decrease in the levels of 0.5-hour immunoreactive insulin and insulinogenic index was observed in the IGT–IFG group compared to those in the NGT group. Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance and homeostasis model assessment β-cell function of both groups were found to significantly decrease in the postpartum period; however, there was no significant change in the insulinogenic index of either group. Conclusions Our study clearly showed that the postpartum IGT and IFG levels of Japanese women with GDM are affected by impaired early-phase insulin secretion; however, insulin resistance promptly improves.

scholarly journals Leaner Women with Impaired Insulin Secretion Accounts for about 40% of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seishi Furukawa ◽  
Yoichi Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Impaired Insulin Secretion ◽  
Impaired Insulin

Aim. To identify the involvement of leanness and impaired insulin secretion with Japanese gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted comprising 219 at-risk pregnant women who underwent a 75g glucose tolerance test at a single institute in Tokyo, Japan. We identified GDM and normal glucose tolerance (NGT). The cut-off value of the homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) for detecting GDM was determined. The GDM group was divided into subgroups according to insulin resistance based on the cut-off value of HOMA-IR. We compared the prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) between the group comprising low insulin resistance (LIR) and the group comprising high insulin resistance (HIR). Results. Seventy GDM cases and 149 NGT cases were identified. By using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the HOMA-IR cut-off value was determined to be 1.41. Twenty-five GDM cases (36%) were classified as LIR and forty-five GDM cases (64%) were classified as HIR. The background including indications for having 75gOGTT and the gestational age having 75gOGTT did not differ between groups. The BMI of the LIR group was significantly lower than that of the HIR group (20.9±2.8 vs. 24.4 ± 5.5, p<0.01), and the HOMA-β of the LIR group was significantly lower than that of the HIR group (95.5±30.3 vs. 146.0±70.1, p<0.01). A positive linear correlation was found between BMI and HOMA-β in cases of GDM (r=0.27, p=0.02). Conclusion. Leanness with impaired insulin secretion is deeply involved in Japanese gestational diabetes mellitus.

Plasma Secretagogin is Increased in Individuals with Glucose Dysregulation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Yang ◽  
Hua Qu ◽  
Xiaolan Zhao ◽  
Yingru Hu ◽  
Jiayao Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
First Phase Insulin Secretion

Abstract Objective Secretagogin, a Ca2+ binding protein, is one of the most abundant proteins in pancreatic β-cells and is critical for maintaining the structural integrity and signaling competence of β-cells. This study seeks to assess the concentrations of plasma secretagogin in participants with prediabetes (pre-DM) and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and to explore its relationship to parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism, first-phase insulin secretion, insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell function. Materials and Methods A total of 126 eligible subjects were divided into three groups: a normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n=45), a pre-DM (n=30), and a T2DM (n=51) group. An intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed, and clinical and biochemical parameters were measured for all subjects. Results Plasma secretagogin levels were significantly higher in both pre-DM and T2DM patients compared with NGT subjects and were highest in the T2DM group. Correlation analysis showed that plasma secretagogin levels were positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose, postchallenge plasma glucose (2hPG), HbA1c and body mass index (BMI) but were not correlated with waist-hip ratio, blood pressure, lipid profiles, fasting serum insulin, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, homeostasis model assessment for β-cell function and first-phase insulin secretion indicators. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that 2hPG and BMI were independent predictors for elevation of plasma secretagogin concentrations. Conclusions Increased circulating secretagogin might be a molecular predictor for early diagnosis of diabetes. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding and explore the role of secretagogin in obesity.

scholarly journals Glucose Metabolism in the First 3 Years after Renal Transplantation in Patients Receiving Tacrolimus versus Cyclosporine-Based Immunosuppression

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-220
Author(s):  
Elly M. van Duijnhoven ◽  
Maarten H. L. Christiaans ◽  
Johannes M. M. Boots ◽  
Fred H. M. Nieman ◽  
Bruce H. R. Wolffenbuttel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
C Peptide

ABSTRACT. The long-term effects of tacrolimus and cyclosporine on pancreatic islet cell function in renal transplant recipients are unclear. Therefore, a prospective, randomized, longitudinal study was performed that compared glucose metabolism in adult kidney allograft recipients on tacrolimus versus cyclosporine-based immunosuppression. Twenty-three white renal allograft recipients, randomized for either therapy with cyclosporine or tacrolimus, underwent intravenous glucose tolerance tests 6 times during the first 3 yr after transplantation. Concomitant therapy (low-dose steroids and azathioprine) was the same in both groups. Insulin sensitivity index (kG), insulin resistance (insulin/glucose ratio and homeostasis model assessment), and C-peptide and insulin secretion were calculated. Trough levels of tacrolimus and cyclosporine were measured. The occurrence of posttransplantation diabetes mellitus was prospectively monitored. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA for repeated measures, and parametric and nonparametric tests were also performed. Although only one patient treated with cyclosporine developed posttransplantation diabetes mellitus, kG levels were below normal in up to one-third of both patients who received tacrolimus and cyclosporine. The only significant difference between patients who received tacrolimus and those who received cyclosporine was in pancreatic secretion capacity at week 3 after transplantation, when the increment of C-peptide secretion was 57% lower and the increment of insulin secretion was 48% lower for patients receiving tacrolimus. In both groups, from week 3 to month 6, there was a tendency toward an increase in kG, despite a significant increase in fasting glucose and insulin resistance calculated by homeostasis model assessment. After month 6, there were no significant changes in any of the parameters of glucose metabolism, indicating that long-term use of either tacrolimus or cyclosporine does not cause chronic, cumulative pancreatic toxicity.

scholarly journals Higher circulating orosomucoid, an acute-phase protein, and reduced glucose-induced insulin secretion in middle-aged Japanese people with prediabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e001392
Author(s):  
Ayaka Tsuboi ◽  
Kaori Kitaoka ◽  
Megumu Yano ◽  
Mika Takeuchi ◽  
Satomi Minato-Inokawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Protein ◽  
Insulinogenic Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Japanese People ◽  
Phase Protein

IntroductionCirculating orosomucoid, an acute-phase protein, predicted type 2 diabetes mellitus risk in several Western countries. Here, we assessed serum orosomucoid (ORM) in relation to prediabetes in the Japanese.Research design and methodsParticipants consisted of 83 middle-aged Japanese subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 37 with prediabetes and 4 with newly identified diabetes, whose homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) averaged 1.1±0.7, 1.4±0.9 and 1.7±0.8, respectively. Body composition, serum inflammatory markers, adiponectin, β-cell function and insulin resistance inferred from serum insulin kinetics during an oral glucose tolerance test were compared cross-sectionally between those with prediabetes and NGT.ResultsSerum orosomucoid, but not high-sensitivity C reactive protein, was elevated in prediabetes (190±29 vs 141±31 mg/dL) with further elevation in diabetes (295±52 mg/dL) (all p<0.001). Prediabetes was associated with lower Oral Disposition Index (the product of the Insulinogenic Index and Matsuda Index) with further depression in diabetes. No association was found with skeletal muscle mass, HOMA-IR, serum triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and adiponectin.ConclusionsHigher circulating ORM and reduced glucose induced insulin secretion were found in middle-aged Japanese people with prediabetes in the absence of insulin resistance.

scholarly journals The Uncoupling Protein 2 Ala55Val Polymorphism Is Associated with Diabetes Mellitus: The CARDIA Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 1451-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinhua Yu ◽  
David R Jacobs ◽  
Pamela J Schreiner ◽  
Myron D Gross ◽  
Michael W Steffes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Normal Fasting Glucose ◽  
Atp Generation ◽  
Blacks And Whites

Abstract Background: Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) reduce ATP generation with concomitant increased release of heat. The activities of UCPs have been related to obesity and energy metabolism. Methods: We investigated the association of the commonly observed UCP2 Ala55Val (V) polymorphism with diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) among 3684 participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Results: The V frequency was ∼45% in blacks and 42% in whites. Those with the Val/Val (VV) genotype had a higher incidence of diabetes than those having the Ala/Ala (AA) genotype (5.8% vs 3.3%; P = 0.02). Similarly, the incidences of diabetes in participants without abdominal obesity were 2.8% and 1.0% (P = 0.03) in the VV and AA groups, and 12.4% and 8.3% (P = 0.15) in participants with abdominal obesity. The incidence of IFG was higher in VV vs AA only in those without abdominal obesity (12.9% vs 9.2%). These trends persisted in minimally and fully adjusted models, and in strata of blacks and whites and men and women. The homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance was highest in VV in the combined group of those with IFG or untreated diabetes, but not in those with normal fasting glucose. Conclusion: The VV genotype of the UCP2 polymorphism was positively related to diabetes. It may involve increased insulin resistance in those with impaired glucose homeostasis.

scholarly journals Pharyngeal collapsibility during sleep is elevated in insulin-resistant females with morbid obesity

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1718-1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar L. Llanos ◽  
Panagis Galiatsatos ◽  
Edmarie Guzmán-Vélez ◽  
Susheel P. Patil ◽  
Philip L. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Tonsillar Hypertrophy ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Bariatric Patients ◽  
Respiratory Disturbance

Insulin resistance is associated with sleep apnoea, leading us to hypothesise that it is also associated with elevations in pharyngeal collapsibility, even in the absence of sleep apnoea.90 bariatric patients were characterised for sleep apnoea, pharyngeal collapsibility and insulin resistance. Patients with a respiratory disturbance index (RDI) >10 events·h−1, diabetes mellitus, tonsillar hypertrophy and pulmonary disease were excluded. The remaining 14 females underwent collapsibility measurements (passive critical pressure, Pcritp) during non-rapid eye movement sleep. The homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index, a measure of insulin resistance, was derived from measurements of fasting glucose and insulin levels, and compared to Pcritp.Groups with high Pcritp compared to low Pcritp did not differ in age, body mass index or RDI. HOMA and insulin were elevated in the high Pcritp group compared to the low Pcritp group (p<0.02). Pcritp correlated with HOMA (Spearman's ρ=0.565, 95% CI 0.104–0.862; p=0.035) and insulin (Spearman's ρ=0.609 95% CI 0.196–0.835; p=0.021).Obese insulin-resistant subjects without frank diabetes or sleep apnoea demonstrate preclinical elevations in pharyngeal collapsibility, which may increase their susceptibility to sleep apnoea. Our findings suggest that insulin resistance could play a significant role in sleep apnoea pathogenesis by generating requisite elevations in pharyngeal collapsibility.

scholarly journals Effects of Micronutrient Supplementation on Glucose and Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in a Rat Model of Diet Induced Obesity

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1751
Author(s):  
Saroj Khatiwada ◽  
Virginie Lecomte ◽  
Michael F. Fenech ◽  
Margaret J. Morris ◽  
Christopher A. Maloney
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Micronutrient Supplementation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Triglyceride Accumulation

Obesity increases the risk of metabolic disorders, partly through increased oxidative stress. Here, we examined the effects of a dietary micronutrient supplement (consisting of folate, vitamin B6, choline, betaine, and zinc) with antioxidant and methyl donor activities. Male Sprague Dawley rats (3 weeks old, 17/group) were weaned onto control (C) or high-fat diet (HFD) or same diets with added micronutrient supplement (CS; HS). At 14.5 weeks of age, body composition was measured by magnetic resonance imaging. At 21 weeks of age, respiratory quotient and energy expenditure was measured using Comprehensive Lab Animal Monitoring System. At 22 weeks of age, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed, and using fasting glucose and insulin values, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated as a surrogate measure of insulin resistance. At 30.5 weeks of age, blood and liver tissues were harvested. Liver antioxidant capacity, lipids and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism (Cd36, Fabp1, Acaca, Fasn, Cpt1a, Srebf1) were measured. HFD increased adiposity (p < 0.001) and body weight (p < 0.001), both of which did not occur in the HS group. The animals fed HFD developed impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, and fasting hyperinsulinemia compared to control fed animals. Interestingly, HS animals demonstrated an improvement in fasting glucose and fasting insulin. Based on insulin release during OGTT and HOMA-IR, the supplement appeared to reduce the insulin resistance developed by HFD feeding. Supplementation increased hepatic glutathione content (p < 0.05) and reduced hepatic triglyceride accumulation (p < 0.001) regardless of diet; this was accompanied by altered gene expression (particularly of CPT-1). Our findings show that dietary micronutrient supplementation can reduce weight gain and adiposity, improve glucose metabolism, and improve hepatic antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism in response to HFD intake.

scholarly journals Decreased Plasma Maresin 1 Concentration Is Associated with Diabetic Foot Ulcer

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Miao ◽  
Bangliang Huang ◽  
Niexia He ◽  
Lihua Sun ◽  
Guangsheng Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment

Aims. To assess the maresin 1 (MaR1) contents in type 2 diabetic patients with or without diabetic foot ulcer and to analyze the association of MaR1 concentrations with several metabolism-related parameters. Methods. Plasma MaR1 concentrations were analyzed in 96 subjects with normal glucose tolerant (NC, n=43), type 2 diabetes (T2DM, n=40), or diabetic foot ulcer (DFU, n=13). The intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and biochemical parameters were measured in all participants. Results. Plasma MaR1 concentrations were significant decreased in type 2 diabetes patient with or without DFU compared with NC (both P<0.001) and were lowest in DFU patients among these 3 groups. (DFU vs. T2DM, P<0.05). Plasma MaR1 concentrations were negatively correlated with BMI, waist circumference (Wc), waist hip ratio (WHR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), LDL-c, FPG, 2hPG, HbA1c, and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (all P<0.05) and were positively correlated with HDL-c, acute insulin response (AIR), area under the curve of the first-phase (0-10 min) insulin secretion (AUC), and homeostasis model assessment for beta-cell function (HOMA-β) (all P<0.05). After adjusting for age and sex, Wc, WHR, TG, FPG, 2hPG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, AIR, AUC, and HOMA-β remain statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions. Plasma MaR1 concentration were decreased in T2DM with or without DFUs and were the lowest in DFU patients. The decreased plasma MaR1 strongly associated with obesity, impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, reduced first-phase of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and enhanced insulin resistance.

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