Children in a disaster: health protection and intervention

2022 ◽  
pp. e002010
Author(s):  
Conor Reid ◽  
C Hillman
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Military Health ◽  
Disaster Relief Operations ◽  
Legal Duty ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Relief Operations ◽  
Relief Efforts ◽  
Individual Healthcare

Children are disproportionately affected by disasters. They have greater physiological, psychological and sociological vulnerabilities, often exacerbated by the fact that their unique needs can be overlooked during relief efforts. This article provides an overview of disasters, including how they are categorised, and the factors that need to be considered by military and civilian healthcare teams that respond to them. Information is drawn from a variety of previous disasters, with the effects considered across a range of different populations and communities. The lessons learnt from previous disasters need to inform the ongoing discussions around how to best train and supply both individual healthcare workers and the wider teams that will be expected to respond to future disasters. The importance of role-specific training incorporating caring for children, consideration of paediatric casualties during planning exercises and teaching scenarios, and the requirement for paediatric equipment and medications cannot be overemphasised. While provision of paediatric care may not be the primary role of an individual healthcare worker or their broader team, it still remains their ethical and often legal duty to plan for and deliver care for children when responding to a disaster. This is a paper commissioned as part of the Humanitarian and Disaster Relief Operations special issue of BMJ Military Health.

Bioethics in humanitarian disaster relief operations: a military perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2021-001927
Author(s):  
James Davies ◽  
A Brockie ◽  
J Breeze
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Disaster Relief ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Military Health ◽  
Disaster Relief Operations ◽  
Relief Operations ◽  
Military Perspective ◽  
The Military

The ethical dilemmas faced every day by military personnel working within the NHS will potentially be very different to ones that will be faced in the wake of a humanitarian disaster. Allied to this the potentially differing objectives from military personnel when compared with other healthcare workers in these scenarios and a conflict of ethics could arise.Within this paper, the fundamentals of this conflict will be explored and how working within the military framework can affect clinical decisions. This is a paper commissioned as a part of the humanitarian and disaster relief operations special issue of BMJ Military Health.

Protecting the health of responders: Team Health

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2020-001498
Author(s):  
David Ross
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Relief ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Personal View ◽  
Military Health ◽  
Disaster Relief Operations ◽  
Relief Operations ◽  
Three Phases

The rise in humanitarian disasters has led to more volunteers responding to deploy with humanitarian organisations. Those organisations that use these volunteers have a responsibility for the health of these teams of workers. This personal view outlines the three phases of ‘Team Health’—prepare, sustain and recover. This is a paper commissioned as a part of the Humanitarian and Disaster Relief Operations special issue of BMJ Military Health.

Comparison between Defence Healthcare Engagement and humanitarian assistance

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2020-001437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Falconer Hall ◽  
S Horne ◽  
D Ross
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Military Health ◽  
Disaster Relief Operations ◽  
Relief Of Suffering ◽  
Relief Operations ◽  
Building Stability

Humanitarian assistance and Defence Healthcare Engagement have traditionally both been taught on the Medical Humanitarian Stabilisation Operations Course. However, the two activities are distinct. This paper outlines the critical differences between them, focusing on their specific purposes, scope, timescales and ethics. Humanitarian assistance will remain a distinct activity with a focus on the relief of suffering, guided by international norms, while Defence Healthcare Engagement will encompass a broader range of activities, less constrained by internationally agreed principles. This presents an opportunity for the Defence Medical Services to directly contribute to projecting UK influence, preventing conflict and building stability. However, it requires the Defence Medical Services to take responsibility for the ethical issues that Defence Healthcare Engagement raises. This paper recommends the development of an ethical framework that reconciles the strategic aims of Defence Healthcare Engagement with maximising patient welfare at the tactical level. This is a paper commissioned as a part of the Humanitarian and Disaster Relief Operations special issue of BMJ Military Health.

Examining the role of dialogic communication and trust in donation-based crowdfunding tasks using information quality perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Behl ◽  
Pankaj Dutta ◽  
Pratima Sheorey ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Information Quality ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Public Communication ◽  
Cognitive Trust ◽  
Dialogic Communication ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Disaster Relief Operations ◽  
Relief Operations ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe study explores the role of dialogic public communication and information quality (IQ) in evaluating the operational performance of donation-based crowdfunding (DBC) tasks. These tasks are primarily used to support disaster relief operations. The authors also test the influence of cognitive trust and swift trust as moderating variables in explaining the relationship between both IQ and dialogic communication with operational performance.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a primary survey to test the hypotheses. A total of 203 responses were collected from multiple crowdfunding platforms. The authors used archival data from task creators on donation-based crowdfunding platforms, and a structured questionnaire is also used to collect responses. Data are analyzed using Warp PLS 6.0. Warp PLS 6.0 works on the principle of partial least square (PLS) structured equation modeling (SEM) and has been used widely to test path analytical models.FindingsThe authors found out that the operational performance is explained significantly by the quality of information and its association with dialogic public communication. The results support the arguments offered by dialogic public communication theory and trust transfer theory in assessing the operational success of DBC. The study also confirms that cognitive trust positively moderates the relationship between IQ and organizational public dialogic communication and operational performance. It is also revealed that the duration of the DBC task has no significant control over dialogic public communication.Practical implicationsThe study lays practical foundations for task creators on DBC platforms and website designers as it sets the importance of both IQ and dialogic communication channels. The communication made by the task creator and/or the DBC platforms with the donors and potential donors in the form of timely and appropriate information forms the key to the success of any DBC task. The study also helps task creators choose a suitable platform to improve performance.Originality/valueThe authors propose a unique framework by integrating two theoretical perspectives: dialogic public relation theory and trust transfer theory in understanding the operational performance of donation-based crowdfunding tasks. The authors address DBC tasks catering to disaster relief operations by collecting responses from task creators on DBC platforms. The study uniquely positions itself in the area of information and communication.

The role of intermodal transportation in humanitarian supply chains

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Zhang, MS ◽  
Lesley Strawderman, PhD ◽  
Burak Eksioglu, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Disaster Relief ◽  
Current Response ◽  
Intermodal Transportation ◽  
Disaster Relief Operations ◽  
Transportation Modes ◽  
Relief Operations

After a natural or man-made disaster, effective and efficient disaster relief support is needed. People affected by disasters should be moved from impacted areas, and staff and disaster relief supplies need to be moved to affected destinations in a timely manner. Disaster relief supply chains facilitate the transportation of personnel and supplies that directly affect the humanitarian aid performance. Utilizing appropriate transportation modes in the relief chain is critical to maintain effective relief operations. The main objective of this study is to identify the role of intermodal transportation and related decision making in disaster relief transportation. This objective will be achieved through the following specific aims: identify and assess the current response operations; determine how, if at all, and why humanitarian organizations utilize different modes of transportation to move goods and personnel effectively and efficiently when responding to and recovering from disasters; and identify factors that will potentially enhance the attractiveness of using intermodal transportation. To achieve these aims, two rounds of interviews were conducted first, and second, a large-scale online survey was distributed. Data analysis found that intermodal transportation is not frequently used in disaster relief operations. Decision makers in disaster relief agencies consider multiple factors when choosing transportation modes, but among the factors identified by participants, travel distance was the transportation mode considered most often, regardless of whether supplies or people were being transported. Finally, the organizations that cover larger areas and preposition supplies in their relief operations tend to use intermodal transportation more frequently.

A network perspective on the calamity, induced inaccessibility of communities and the robustness of centralized, landbound relief efforts

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (06) ◽  
pp. 1450047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Felix Valenzuela ◽  
Erika Fille Legara ◽  
Xiuju Fu ◽  
Rick Siow Mong Goh ◽  
Robert De Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Scale Free Network ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
The Road ◽  
Disaster Relief Operations ◽  
Free Network ◽  
Relief Operations ◽  
Disaster Event ◽  
Relief Efforts

We examine the robustness of centralized, landbound relief operations' capability to promptly reach areas affected by a disaster event from a network perspective. We initially look at two idealized road networks: a two-dimensional grid and a scale-free network, and compare them to an actual road network obtained from OpenStreetMap. We show that, from a node designated as the center for relief operations (a "relief center"), damage to a road network causes a substantial fraction of the other nodes (about 20% in the three networks we examined) to become initially inaccessible from any relief effort, although the remaining majority can still be reached readily. Furthermore, we show the presence of a threshold in the two idealized road networks but not in the real one. Below this threshold, all nodes can robustly be reached in a short span of time, and above it, not only the partitioning mentioned above sets in, but also the time needed to reach the nodes becomes susceptible to the amount of damage sustained by the road network. Under damage sustained by random segments of the network, this threshold is higher in the scale-free network compared to the grid, due to the robustness of the former against random attacks. Our results may be of importance in formulating contingency plans for the logistics of disaster relief operations.

Sports Photography and Historical Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-115
Author(s):  
Miloš Stamenković
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Primary Role

SummarySports photography undoubtedly has a significant place in sports press and publicism. It’s main and primary role is to present sports to the readers as art, which it is. Sport is characterized by dynamic and varied movements, and the main role of sports photography is reflected in the fact that it is in this way that sport shows its essence. Having in mind that photography tells more than a thousand words it sends a clear message to the reader as well to people who are informed about events via sports portals. Sports photography is a multidimensional art for many reasons. When we say “multi”, it primarily refers to a wider range that sports photography has to offer, which means sports photography is not only directed at presenting athletes on the move and the main actors who contribute to achieving the results by their engagement – it also has the role of sports “psychophotography” which is an analysis and capture of the emotional reaction of an athlete after winning or losing from the opposing team.

OBOLESCENCE AND THE DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-130
Author(s):  
A.V. GOLUBEV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Scientific Hypothesis ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Sociological Studies

The diffusion of innovations is described as a process in a number of scientific papers. At the same time, the causes of this process have not been sufficiently studied. The author’s goal is to consider the main regularities, under which the life cycle of innovations begins, and propose measures to enhance diffusion in modern conditions. As a scientific hypothesis, the author accepts the postulate about the primary role of the obolescence of attracted innovations in this process. The analysis revealed not only the economic proportions that initiate the start of innovation promotion, but also the influence on the diffusion rate of the obsolescence degree of innovations and the market share occupied by the new product. Methodological approaches have been developed to determine economic efficiency depending on the moment of technological change-over, as well as to determine the absolute and relative speed of innovation diffusion. Sociological studies were conducted to determine the state of innovation development and the time lag between obtaining information about an innovation and its practical implementation. The author presents his “Agroopyt” information system developed to disseminate knowledge in the agricultural sphere and ensure technology transfer in agriculture. Digital methods provide for significant accelerateion of the diffusion of innovations and expand its scope.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document