The Importance of Statebuilding: Additional Contributions from a Military Perspective

Since the early beginning, stability, prosperity and security have been core values for the members of the transatlantic community. Efforts have been made for reconciliation over human lives lost in war, to understand and to solve dramatic changes in societies, to rebuild economies after heavy losses in goods, and to repair and maintain destroyed basic infrastructure; these are still ongoing concerns that present periodical challenges for all participating states. Statebuilding approaches can be described in many theoretical ways, but in practice – based on historical experience – they can be either peaceful or very bloody. In order to realise unknown and extreme factors and to give them adequate answers there is an urgent need for a stable, reliable and effective system.The Hungarian Defence Forces has a long history in peace operations, however, the latest missions conducted, especially in the Balkans and in Afghanistan, provided lots of useful experience related to different statebuilding efforts. In this paper the authors explain the basic general relations between state and the military, in normal – or ideal – circumstances, illustrated – as a comparison – with different elements and factors in statebuilding efforts in case of extreme conditions such as war, failing states or even a hypocritical emergence of state-like entities.

The Defending of State as a Nation-State Awareness : A Non Military Perspective

The defending of state is basically a value that exists in every state society and nations around the world; who want to maintain their existence, integrity and sovereignty, as well as their national integration. The issues raised are about what problems are faced by the nation-state in the context of maintaining its existence, the form of defending the state in general from the perspective of sovereignty and national integration. The method that is used here by observing various literatures related to the subject matter raised, whether in the form of books, papers or writings that are helpful so that they can be used as guidelines in the research process. This research focuses on theoretical studies and analysis as well as implementation of defending of state from a non-military point of view, which is based on a sense of belonging based on the awareness of maintaining the existence of the state and the nation (nation-states awareness). The result of this research show that defending the state is based on strong nation-state awareness, so the people in a state can produce a high esteem for their country and are willing to defend it from various threats.

Bioethics in humanitarian disaster relief operations: a military perspective

The ethical dilemmas faced every day by military personnel working within the NHS will potentially be very different to ones that will be faced in the wake of a humanitarian disaster. Allied to this the potentially differing objectives from military personnel when compared with other healthcare workers in these scenarios and a conflict of ethics could arise.Within this paper, the fundamentals of this conflict will be explored and how working within the military framework can affect clinical decisions. This is a paper commissioned as a part of the humanitarian and disaster relief operations special issue of BMJ Military Health.

Jacobitism, Coastal Policing, and Fiscal-Military Reform in England after the Glorious Revolution, 1689–1702

Customs activity during the 1690s has mainly been studied from a fiscal-military perspective that attributes administrative growth and bureaucratic efficiency to the rise of fiscal necessities in the wake of the Nine Years’ War. This article challenges that view with a focus on the one truly momentous change of the Customs during the 1690s: the establishment of a preventive coastal police. Changes in the Customs were occasioned not primarily by fiscal concerns but resulted from the government's preoccupation with Jacobitism and the successful lobbying of Parliament by the wool interest. As the politics of the wool ban before 1689 demonstrate, coastal policing was a losing bargain in fiscal terms and mainly reflected the interests of certain sections of the merchant community. Fiscal pressures alone do not, therefore, explain the fundamental reform of the Customs in the wake of the Glorious Revolution. The beginnings of systematic coastal policing are instead linked to the rise of Parliament and anti-Jacobite precautions of William III's government. The article offers a new, coherent picture of such changes and calls into question the validity of a central assumption about the rise of the fiscal-military state in Britain after the Glorious Revolution, suggesting a more complicated explanation for fiscal reforms.

Resilience and Critical Educational Valences during the Pandemic

One year after the COVID-19 pandemic has become a public health emergency the health crisis is ongoing, as evidenced by the number of cases and deaths reported by countries worldwide. During this time, the educational process underwent a series of transformations, and all educational institutions aimed to maintain the educational process during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, using various means and tools. Thus, the existence of digital technologies and access to the Internet have significantly contributed to the continuation of teaching and research in a practical online learning environment. For this reason, online education together with teleworking, telemedicine, delivery services or internet banking are essential services to a society dependent on digital technology during the pandemic. Avoiding a major crisis in education was possible only through a sustained effort both organizationally, coming from states, authorities and educational institutions, and individually coming from teachers, support staff, students and parents. This article analyses the main critical valences of education from a social, economic and military perspective, as well as the resilience of education during the pandemic. Therefore, the educational process worldwide has managed to overcome the initial shock, and a year after the onset of the pandemic is still in the response stage specific to resilience.

Slow Education and Cognitive Agility

Governance of cyberpower from a military perspective are focused on the efforts to control and influence events occurring in cyberspace. For the Norwegian Defence, this means educating cyber engineers, responsible for governing cyberpower effects, beyond technical skills and competencies. To match the complexity of modern warfighting necessitates adaptive high-order thinking skills. Building on earlier cognitive engineering and human factors research in cyber defence this article suggests how Slow Education has the potential to improve cognitive performance among cyber cadets. Slow techniques were applied to 37 cyber cadets during a three-year bachelor programme at the Norwegian Defence Cyber Academy. The quantitative data for this study was gathered during a two-week Cyber Defence Exercise. Combining and applying a novel pedagogic method with psychological techniques suggests reflective pondering, self-regulation and metacognition as being associated with cognitive agility. This study helps develop and make metrics available that are suitable to evaluate human performance in cyber defence.