Whether to Win at All Costs? - The Athletes’ Attitudes Towards Fair Play

SummaryThe aim of this paper was to determine the athletes’ attitudes about fair play in sports, ie to determine whether there are differences in the athletes’ attitudes towards fair play in sports concerning gender, professional or amateur sports status, and length of participation in sport. Also, the research aimed to formulate an adequate questionnaire to assess athletes’ attitudes towards fair play. The sample of subjects consisted of 150 respondents. The results showed that there is a statistically significant difference in the intensity of athletes’ attitudes towards fair play concerning the gender of the respondents in all three subscales of the questionnaire (aggressiveness in the game, orientation towards victory, and orientation towards enjoying the game). It was found that there is a statistically significant difference in the intensity of athletes’ attitudes in relation to professional or amateur sports status (sig. =.001). It was also found that there is no statistically significant difference in the intensity of athletes’ attitudes about fair play in sports in relation to the length of participation in sports (sig. =.698). A questionnaire with a high degree of internal consistency was constructed (Cronbach alpha =.821).

What is the Biomechanical Principle of Forehand Smash in Badminton? - Article Review

SummaryThe pattern of human movement is strongly influenced by biomotor conditions, age development will affect the level of biomotor maturity. Forehand smash is one of the techniques that every badminton athlete must master well. To do this stroke well, a good movement pattern is needed, biomotor maturity which in this study is related to the age of the athlete. So that the development of age will cause differences in movement patterns which in this study analyzes the forehand smash movement patterns in badminton based on age. It is known that the most efficient badminton technique for gaining points in badminton is the smash. The smash-hit is more likely to produce a fast shuttle lock rate performed using the forehand smash technique. So that in this study the writer will analyze a technique in badminton, namely the forehand smash technique. These findings contribute to future research on the biomechanical analysis of forehand smash motion in badminton.

Sokol Idea – Idea For The 21st Century

SummaryCreated by the idea of Miroslav Tyrš in the second half of the 19th century as a movement of spiritual and physical strengthening of the nation, sokolism soon spread to all countries where the Slavic people lived. In that way, it reached the territory of Herzegovina as well. However, what exactly was the idea of the sokol movement, what did it develop into in the first half of the 20th century in Herzegovina and whether it is an idea that can benefit a man of the 21st century as well, are just some of the questions that the authors deal with in this research. Although Miroslav Tyrš and his sokols are typical representatives of ethnocentrism, the sokolism of Herzegovina has expanded its ideas also in another direction. Using physical exercise as a gracious food for their body and truth and zeal as food for their soul, they may have been able to hint at what is an essential need almost a century later, and that is a theoanthropocentric way of approaching man which has been used more and more lately, especially in the field of physical culture. The appointed problems authors research using the method of theoretical analysis and historical method.

Historical Process of Development the Mass Physical Culture Theory in Ukraine

SummaryThis article presents the results of studying the issue of the historical process of development the theory of mass physical culture in Ukraine.Based on the results of the analysis and synthesis of information obtained from domestic and foreign sources of scientific literature, we came to the conclusion that the process of historical development of the theory of mass physical culture in different regions of Ukraine took place with varying degrees of intensity.The analysis of statistical data for many years in different parts of Ukraine indicates that the origin and development of the theory of mass physical culture took place at different times.Historically, the need for such a theory has matured depending on the level of economic development of the region. So, for example, this process proceeded more intensively in those regions of Ukraine where industry and agriculture were more developed.In view of the fact that in these regions there was a high demand for labor, the question arose about maintaining the health of large masses of the population by means of physical culture.Therefore, in the Kharkov, Kiev, Dnieper, Zaporozhe and Lvov regions, wide networks of sports institutions began to develop, and the promotion of mass physical culture events was carried out at a higher level.Scientists have stepped up their activities, developing programs of mass physical education, adapted to the potential capabilities of the inhabitants of these regions and contributing to the strengthening of the health of the population, as well as the development of physical qualities necessary for effective work at enterprises and fields of the country.The most intensive process of involving the broad masses of the population in the movement of mass physical culture took place during the years of intensive construction of industrial facilities and the development of virgin lands.

Effects of Exercise Programs on Upper Crossed Syndrome: A Systematic Review

SummaryKeeping the head in a forward position can, in the long run, cause a postural disorder termed upper crossed syndrome – UCS. Upper crossed syndrome is defined as overactivity, or tightening, of the upper trapezius, major pectoralis and levator scapulae, combined with a weakened rhomboid, serratus anterior, middle and lower trapezius, as well as deep cervical flexors. This posture can result in neck pain, as well as upper back pain. The syndrome has been exacerbated with technological advancement, and the ever-increasing use of computers and smartphones. It affects school-age children, university students, as well as employees who work in an incorrect position or repeat the same actions throughout their working day. Physical exercise, namely, strength and stretching exercises, is one of the possible methods of correcting this postural disorder. Therefore, the objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review of studies to date in order to determine the effects of implementing different exercise programs on the treatment of upper crossed syndrome. The analyzed scientific papers were collected by searching online databases of electronic academic journals: Google Scholar, PubMed, Wolters Kluwer. The review focused on papers published between 2000 and 2019. Key words used for searching the databases included: upper crossed syndrome, effects, exercise program. Studies were included based on meeting the following criteria: examining the effects of different exercise programs on upper crossed syndrome, as well as on reducing neck and upper back pain, and improving functional ability. Based on the criteria set, a total of 15 studies were included in the final analysis. The final analysis established that upper crossed syndrome was affected most favorably by programs containing strength and stretching exercises, when these were administered over a 4-week period, with a minimum weekly frequency of 3 practice sessions.

Earth, Man, Heaven – The Spiritual Aspects of Physical Exercise

SummaryNew scientific discoveries in the quantum physics give us possibility in a new way to perceive the relation between physical exercise and the Christian theology of creation, in accordance with the basic hypotheses of the theoanthropocentric theory of the development of physical culture. Man’s role in the world, especially in his motion, is to mediate, that is to be agent of connecting or bridge between the creation and its Creator. Motion is the reflection of human intellectual, emotional and spiritual condition, and body is a tool for the realization of harmony among them. It is therefore an instrument of love to God, in mutual giving and acceptance in which the field of all creation is actuated.

Physical-Motor Development in Children at Elementary School – Article Review

SummaryPhysical development is the growth and change that occurs in a person’s body. The most obvious changes are changes in body shape and size. Meanwhile, motor development is the development of all forms of changes that occur progressively in a child’s ability to be able to perform various movements obtained through the interaction between maturity factors and training or experience during life which can be seen through changes/movements made. In the learning process, it appears that student activities are very diverse. Starting from how they move, socialize, act, and interact with friends around them. Then from the skills of teachers in developing children’s creativity so that they can produce children who have physical motor development who can adapt to the classroom environment, school, and outside of school. All these activities are positive so that they will be able to form and produce students who have great personalities, are intelligent, skilled, capable, creative, and have noble character. Suggestions for elementary school teachers are that it is necessary to provide learning that will foster students’ interest in creating according to their imagination. As well as teachers can develop new media which will later be able to stimulate the physical-motor activities of students in the learning process. In the future, research is also needed to support the physical-motor development of elementary school children.

Ball and Book as a System of Values – Milovan Jaksic, Life and Work

SummaryHistory is not often fair to some personalities who, in their own right, deserve to be recorded in the memory of a people. What would set Milovan Jaksic apart from any other top athlete and his successes is not significant and greater, but the circumstances in which he achieved world-wide fame and the time in which this was achieved deserve to be a reminder to younger generations. The sooner the result, with which he contributed as a part of the collective, to this day has not been surpassed in domestic football. In addition to the sporting success by which he is most recognized, until recently, in recent circles, and for the last ten or so years, work aims to look back on life and work after his sports career. It is related to the interests and aspirations of Jakšić from his boyhood days, and they are related to the book, which is especially significant from the aspect of correlation of sport and education. Also interesting is the human side of the famous goalkeeper, who came to the fore during difficult moments during World War II. Given that we, as a people, are committed to tradition, this work will also look at several major anniversaries associated with this man that are significant to national sports history.In the absence of literature, the paper relies on several monographic publications, as well as on newspaper articles and works of material from the Archives of Yugoslavia.

The Effect of Arm and Shoulder Muscle Strength Training Models on Learning Outcomes of Shot Put: An Experimental Study on Physical Education of Middle School Students

SummaryThe problem in this study is the lack of arm and shoulder muscle strength training on the results of high school student shot put. This study aims to determine how much influence the arm and shoulder muscle strength training model has on the results of the shot put in high school students (SMK). The research participants were students of class XI SMK Negeri Rambah Samo, Rokan Hulu Regency. Participants were selected using a purposive sampling technique, amounting to 18 vocational students with an age range of 17-19 years (M = 18.2; SD = 0.8). This research is using the experimental method. The test instrument is shot put and data analysis using t-test statistics. The results of the study explained that the arm and shoulder muscle strength training model had the same effect on the results of students’ throws. The results of statistical calculations show that the posttest t-count of the experimental group’s arm and shoulder muscle strength is -0.11, where the t-count is smaller than t-table 9-0.11 <2.06), so the conclusion is that arm muscle strength training and shoulder muscle strength have the same effect on increasing shot throws. students. Therefore, arm muscle strength training and shoulder muscle strength are as good as increasing student shot put results.

Analysis of the Educational Process in Teaching Physical and Sports Activities Collectives for Secondary Education Under the Competency Approach

SummaryThis study aimed to analysis the educational process in teaching physical and collective sports activities for secondary education in light of the competencies approach, where we used the descriptive analytical approach. The study was conducted on a sample of 206 teachers of physical and sports education working in some high schools in the Algerian region using a questionnaire network. We have come to say that the educational process in teaching collective physical and sports activities is based on educational goals and procedures and evaluation; and through this, the material of physical and sports education becomes a leading role as a result of developing the performance of teachers, and therefore this offering can be considered as a way to reform educational systems through the reform of educational materials