Background: There is a need to more fully characterize financial capacity losses in the preclinical and prodromal stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and their pathological substrates. Objectives: To test the association between financial skills and cortical β-amyloid deposition in aging and subjects at risk for AD. Design: Cross-sectional analyses of data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI-3) study conducted across 50 plus sites in the US and Canada. Setting: Multicenter biomarker study. Participants: 243 subjects (144 cognitively normal, 79 mild cognitive impairment [MCI], 20 mild AD). Measurements: 18F-Florbetapir brain PET scans to measure global cortical β-amyloid deposition (SUVr) and the Financial Capacity Instrument Short Form (FCI-SF) to evaluate an individual’s financial skills in monetary calculation, financial concepts, checkbook/register usage, and bank statement usage. There are five sub scores and a total score (range of 0–74) with higher scores indicating better financial skill. Results: FCI-SF total score was significantly worse in MCI [Cohen’s d= 0.9 (95%CI: 0.6-1.2)] and AD subjects [Cohen’s d=3.1(CI: 2.5-3.7)] compared to normals. Domain scores and completion times also showed significant difference. Across all subjects, higher cortical β-amyloid SUVr was significantly associated with worse FCI-SF total score after co-varying for age, education, and cognitive score [Cohen’s f2=0.751(CI: 0.5-1.1)]. In cognitively normal subjects, after covarying for age, gender, and education, higher β -amyloid PET SUVr was associated with longer task completion time [Cohen’s f2=0.198(CI: 0.06-0.37)]. Conclusion: Using a multicenter study sample, we document that financial capacity is impaired in the prodromal and mild stages of AD and that such impairments are, in part, associated with the extent of cortical β-amyloid deposition. In normal aging, β-amyloid deposition is associated with slowing of financial tasks. These data confirm and extend prior research highlighting the utility of financial capacity assessments in at risk samples.
Nutrient intake and brain biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease in at-risk cognitively normal individuals: a cross-sectional neuroimaging pilot study