scholarly journals Child maltreatment as a predictor of adult physical functioning in a prospective British birth cohort

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e017900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Archer ◽  
Snehal Pinto Pereira ◽  
Christine Power
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Early Life Factors ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Poor Physical Functioning

ObjectiveChild maltreatment (abuse and neglect) has established associations with mental health; however, little is known about its relationship with physical functioning. Physical functioning (ie, the ability to perform the physical tasks of daily living) in adulthood is an important outcome to consider, as it is strongly associated with an individual’s ability to work, and future disability and dependency. We aimed to establish whether maltreatment was associated with physical functioning, independent of other early-life factors.Setting1958 British birth cohort.Participants8150 males and females with data on abuse and who participated at age 50 years.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome was poor physical functioning at 50 years (<65 on the Short-Form 36 survey physical functioning subscale). Secondary outcomes included mental health and self-reported health at 50 years.Results23% of participants reported at least one type of maltreatment; 12% were identified with poor physical functioning. Neglect (ORadj1.55, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.93), psychological abuse (ORadj1.49, 1.17–1.88) and sexual abuse (ORadj2.56, 1.66–3.96) were associated with poor physical functioning independent of other maltreatments and covariates, including childhood social class, birth weight and childhood illness. Odds of poor physical functioning increased with multiple types of maltreatment (ptrend<0.001); ORadjranged from 1.49 (1.23–1.82) for a single type to 2.09 (1.53–2.87) for those reporting>3 types of maltreatment, compared with those with none. Associations of similar magnitude were observed for mental and self-reported health outcomes.ConclusionsChild neglect, psychological and sexual abuse were associated with poor physical functioning at 50 years, with accumulating risk for those with multiple types of maltreatment. Associations were independent of numerous early-life factors and were comparable in magnitude to those observed for mental health and self-rated health. Prevention or alleviation of the ill effects of maltreatment could be an effective policy intervention to promote healthy ageing.

scholarly journals Child maltreatment (neglect and abuse) in the 1958 birth cohort: an overview of associations with developmental trajectories and long-term outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-458
Author(s):  
Chris Power ◽  
Leah Li ◽  
Snehal M. Pinto Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Adult Health

Childhood maltreatment types (neglect and psychological, physical or sexual abuse) are associated with many poor outcomes in adulthood. Yet, research mainly focuses on the cumulative adversity burden rather than specificities and commonalities of associations with adult outcomes and intervening pathways. This overview therefore summarises evidence from several research studies using the 1958 British Birth Cohort on specific maltreatment types, child development trajectories, adult intermediaries and outcomes. About one in five participants were identified as neglected or abused in childhood. Neglect was associated with key dimensions of development: slower height growth, delayed maturation, faster BMI gain, and poorer emotional and cognitive development. Associated adulthood outcomes included harmful behaviours (notably smoking), poorer physical health (shorter height, excess BMI, poorer blood lipids and glucose, poor-rated health and physical functioning), worse mental health, lower socio-economic circumstances (e.g. poorer living conditions) and elevated mortality in mid-adulthood. Childhood abuse associations were less widespread and were often only for specific types: most were unrelated to childhood height and cognitive abilities, but all were associated with poorer child emotional development, adult mental health, smoking, blood lipids and self-rated health. Additionally, physical abuse was associated with faster BMI gain, higher adult BMI, blood glucose, inflammation and mortality in mid-adulthood; sexual abuse with faster BMI gain, higher adult BMI, poor physical functioning at 50y and higher mortality in mid-adulthood. Adult health measures associated with child maltreatment are key predictors of serious disease, disability and death. Therefore, child maltreatment associations with these measures represent an important burden for individuals and society.

scholarly journals Child maltreatment and mental health problems in adulthood: birth cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 213 (6) ◽  
pp. 698-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Kisely ◽  
Amanuel Alemu Abajobir ◽  
Ryan Mills ◽  
Lane Strathearn ◽  
Alexandra Clavarino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Birth Cohort Study

BackgroundRetrospective studies have shown a high association between child abuse and subsequent psychiatric morbidity. Prospective studies are rarer.AimsTo examine, using a prospective record-linkage analysis, whether substantiated child maltreatment is associated with adverse psychological outcomes in early adulthood.MethodThe participants were 3778 mother and child pairs enrolled in a population-based birth cohort study in Brisbane, Australia. Exposure to suspected child maltreatment was measured by linkage with state child protection agency data. The primary outcomes were the internalising and externalising scales of the Youth Self-Report and the Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scales (CES-D) at approximately 21 years of age. A subset completed the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Auto version (CIDI-Auto).ResultsIn total, 171 (4.5%) participants had a history of substantiated child maltreatment, most commonly emotional abuse (n= 91), followed by physical abuse (n= 78), neglect (n= 73) and sexual abuse (n= 54). After adjustment for potential confounders, depressive symptoms on the CES-D, as well as internalising and externalising behaviours were strongly associated with substantiated abuse in all forms, except sexual abuse. The results for the subset of the sample who completed the CIDI-Auto were less clear. Anxiety, especially post-traumatic stress disorder, showed the strongest association whereas the findings for depressive disorder were equivocal. However, across all diagnostic categories, emotional abuse and neglect, as well as multiple forms of abuse, showed a consistent association.ConclusionsChild maltreatment, particularly neglect and emotional abuse, has serious adverse effects on early adult mental health. These two warrant the attention given to other forms of child maltreatment. Children experiencing more than one type of maltreatment are at particular risk.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Child maltreatment, early life socioeconomic disadvantage and all-cause mortality in mid-adulthood: findings from a prospective British birth cohort

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e050914
Author(s):  
Nina T Rogers ◽  
Christine Power ◽  
Snehal M Pinto Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Socioeconomic Disadvantage ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Different Types

ObjectivesEarly-life adversities (ELAs) such as child maltreatment (neglect and abuse) and socioeconomic disadvantage have been associated with adult mortality. However, evidence is sparse for specific types of ELA. We aimed to establish whether specific ELAs (ie, different types of child maltreatment and socioeconomic disadvantage) were associated independently with all-cause mortality in mid-adulthood and to examine potential intermediary pathways.DesignProspective cohort study.Setting1958 British birth cohort: a longitudinal, population-based sample of individuals born in Great Britain during a single week in March 1958.Participants9310 males and females with data on child maltreatment and mortality (44/45–58 years).Outcome measuresMortality follow-up from 2002/2003 to 2016 when participants were aged 44/45–58 years. Death was ascertained via the NHS Central Register (N=296) or cohort maintenance activities (N=16).ResultsPrevalence of ELAs ranged from 1.6% (sexual abuse) to 11% (psychological abuse). Several, but not all, ELAs were associated with increased risk of premature death, independent of covariates and other adversities; adjusted HRs were 2.64 (95% CI 1.52 to 4.59) for sexual abuse, 1.93 (95% CI 1.45 to 2.58) for socioeconomic disadvantage, 1.73 (95% CI 1.11 to 2.71) for physical abuse and 1.43 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.98) for neglect. After adjustment for covariates and other adversities, no associations with mortality were observed for psychological and witnessing abuse. Regarding potential intermediaries (including adult socioeconomic factors, behaviours, adiposity, mental health and cardiometabolic markers), most associations attenuated after accounting for adult health behaviours (particularly smoking). In addition, early-life socioeconomic disadvantage and neglect associations attenuated after accounting for adult socioeconomic factors. The association for sexual abuse and premature mortality was largely unaffected by potential intermediaries.ConclusionsAssociations with premature mortality varied by type of ELA: associations for sexual and physical abuse, neglect and socioeconomic disadvantage were independent of each other. Different types of ELAs could influence premature mortality via different pathways; this requires further research.

Association between early-life factors and risk of child-onset Crohnʼs disease among victorian children born 1983–1998: A birth cohort study

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 858-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Louise Ponsonby ◽  
Anthony G. Catto-Smith ◽  
Angela Pezic ◽  
Sandy Dupuis ◽  
Jane Halliday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Early Life Factors

scholarly journals Early Life Factors Are Determinants of Female Height at Age 19 Years in a Population-Based Birth Cohort (Pelotas, Brazil)

2006 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise P. Gigante ◽  
Bernardo L. Horta ◽  
Rosângela C. Lima ◽  
Fernando C. Barros ◽  
Cesar G. Victora
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Early Life Factors

scholarly journals Childhood maltreatment and biomarkers for cardiometabolic disease in mid-adulthood in a prospective British birth cohort: associations and potential explanations

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e024079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Li ◽  
Snehal M Pinto Pereira ◽  
Christine Power
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Cardiometabolic Markers

ObjectivesResearch on associations between childhood maltreatment and adult cardiometabolic disease risk is sparse. We aimed to investigate associations between different forms of child maltreatment and mid-adult cardiometabolic markers and whether potential intermediaries could account for the associations observed.Setting1958 British birth cohort.ParticipantsApproximately 9000 cohort members with data on cardiometabolic markers.OutcomesAdult (45y) cardiometabolic markers (blood pressure, lipids and glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c]).ResultsSeventeen per cent of participants were identified as neglected; 6.1%, 1.6% and 10.0% were identified as experiencing physical, sexual and psychological abuse, respectively. Childhood neglect and physical abuse were associated with high body mass index (BMI) and large waist circumference when adjusting for early-life covariates. For neglect, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was 1.16 (95% CI: 1.02 to 1.32) and 1.15 (1.02 to 1.30) for general and central obesity, respectively, and for physical abuse, the respective AOR was 1.36 (1.13 to 1.64) and 1.38 (1.16 to 1.65). Neglect was also associated with raised triglycerides by 3.9 (0.3 to 7.5)% and HbA1c by 1.2 (0.4 to 2.0)%, and among females, lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) by 0.05 (0.01 to 0.08)mmol/L after adjustment. For physical abuse, the AOR was 1.25 (1.00 to 1.56) for high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HbA1c was raised by 2.5 (0.7 to 4.3)% (in males) and HDL-c was lower by 0.06 (0.01 to 0.12)mmol/L (in females). Associations for sexual abuse were similar to those for physical abuse but 95% CIs were wide. For psychological abuse, the AOR for elevated triglycerides was 1.21 (1.02 to 1.44) and HDL-c was lower by 0.04 (0.01 to 0.07)mmol/L. Maltreatments were not associated with raised blood pressure. In analyses of potential intermediary factors, several associations attenuated after adjustment for adult lifestyles (mainly smoking and alcohol consumption rather than physical activity) and child-to-adult BMI.ConclusionsChildhood maltreatments, particularly neglect and physical abuse, were associated with greater adiposity and poorer lipid and HbA1c profiles decades later in adulthood. Associations were modest but independent of early-life factors linked to these outcomes. Findings implicate adult lifestyles as an important intermediary between child maltreatment and outcomes.

scholarly journals Physical functioning and mental health treatment initiation and retention for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Duan-Porter ◽  
David B. Nelson ◽  
Kristine E. Ensrud ◽  
Michele R. Spoont
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Health Treatment ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Poor Physical Functioning

Abstract Background Most US adults with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) do not initiate mental health treatment within a year of diagnosis. Increasing treatment uptake can improve health and quality of life for those with PTSD. Individuals with PTSD are more likely to report poor physical functioning, which may contribute to difficulty with treatment initiation and retention. We sought to determine the effects of poor physical functioning on mental health treatment initiation and retention for individuals with PTSD. Methods We used data for a national cohort of veterans in VA care; diagnosed with PTSD in June 2008-July 2009; with no mental health treatment in the prior year; and who responded to baseline surveys on physical functioning and PTSD symptoms (n = 6,765). Physical functioning was assessed using Veterans RAND 12-item Short Form Health Survey, and encoded as limitations in physical functioning and role limitations due to physical health. Treatment initiation (within 6 months of diagnosis) was determined using VA data and categorized as none (reference), only medications, only psychotherapy, or both. Treatment retention was defined as having ≥ 4 months of appropriate antidepressant or ≥ 8 psychotherapy encounters. Results In multinomial models, greater limitations in physical functioning were associated with lower odds of initiating only psychotherapy (OR 0.82 [95 % CI 0.68, 0.97] for limited a little and OR 0.74 [0.61, 0.90] for limited a lot, compared to reference “Not limited at all”). However, it was not associated with initiation of medications alone (OR 1.04 [0.85, 1.28] for limited a little and OR 1.07 [0.86, 1.34] for limited a lot) or combined with psychotherapy (OR 1.03 [0.85, 1.25] for limited a little and OR 0.95 [0.78, 1.17] for limited a lot). Greater limitations in physical functioning were also associated with lower odds of psychotherapy retention (OR 0.69 [0.53, 0.89] for limited a lot) but not for medications (e.g., OR 0.96 [0.79, 1.17] for limited a lot). Role limitations was only associated with initiation of both medications and psychotherapy, but there was no effect gradient (OR 1.38 [1.03, 1.86] for limitations a little or some of the time, and OR 1.18 [0.63, 1.06] for most or all of the time, compared to reference “None of the time”). Accounting for chronic physical health conditions did not attenuate associations between limitations in physical functioning (or role limitations) and PTSD treatment; having more chronic conditions was associated with lower odds of both initiation and retention for all treatments (e.g., for 2 + conditions OR 0.53 [0.41, 0.67] for initiation of psychotherapy). Conclusions Greater limitations in physical functioning may be a barrier to psychotherapy initiation and retention. Future interventions addressing physical functioning may enhance uptake of psychotherapy.

scholarly journals Substance Use and Mental Health Outcomes During Emerging Adulthood Among Individuals With Different Patterns of Child Maltreatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 542-547
Author(s):  
Kate Guastaferro ◽  
Bethany C. Bray
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Health Disorders

The aim of the current study was to identify patterns of child maltreatment experienced prior to age 18 and examine the relationship between those patterns and substance use and mental health disorders among emerging adults. Data were from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III. The analytic sample consisted of 5,194 adults between 18 and 25 years old. Latent class analysis revealed a three-class model: Rare Maltreatment (59%); Occasional Maltreatment, Rare Sexual Abuse (37%); and Frequent Maltreatment, Some Sexual Abuse (4%). Risk of substance use disorders and poor mental health was higher for the two classes who experienced maltreatment; however, those with Frequent Maltreatment had higher risk of poor mental health, but not substance use disorders compared to those with Occasional Maltreatment. Patterns of child maltreatment are important predictors of substance use and mental health disorders in emerging adulthood, but different patterns may necessitate specific intervention efforts.

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