Does binge drinking between the age of 18 and 25 years predict alcohol dependence in adulthood? A retrospective case–control study in France

ObjectiveA retrospective case–control study was conducted to evaluate whether frequent binge drinking between the age of 18 and 25 years was a risk factor for alcohol dependence in adulthood.SettingThe Department of Addictive Medicine and the Clinical Investigation Center of a university hospital in France.ParticipantsCases were alcohol-dependent patients between 25 and 45 years and diagnosed by a psychiatrist. Consecutive patients referred to the Department of Addictive Medicine of a university hospital between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2017 for alcohol dependence were included in the study. Controls were non-alcohol-dependent adults, defined according to an Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score of less than 8, and were matched on age and sex with cases. Data on sociodemographics, behaviour and alcohol consumption were retrospectively collected for three life periods: before the age of 18 years; between the age of 18 and 25 years; and between the age of 25 and 45 years. Frequency of binge drinking between 18 and 25 years was categorised as frequent if more than twice a month, occasional if once a month and never if no binge drinking.Results166 adults between 25 and 45 years were included: 83 were alcohol-dependent and 83 were non-alcohol-dependent. The mean age was 34.6 years (SD: 5.1). Frequent binge drinking between 18 and 25 years occurred in 75.9% of cases and 41.0% of controls (p<0.0001). After multivariate analysis, frequent binge drinking between 18 and 25 years was a risk factor for alcohol dependence between 25 and 45 years: adjusted OR=2.83, 95% CI 1.10 to 7.25.ConclusionsFrequent binge drinking between 18 and 25 years appears to be a risk factor for alcohol dependence in adulthood. Prevention measures for binge drinking during preadulthood, especially frequent binge drinking, should be implemented to prevent acute consequences as injury and death and long-term consequences as alcohol dependence.Trial registration numberNCT03204214; Results.

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Prehospital delay is an important risk factor for mortality in community-acquired bloodstream infection (CA-BSI): a matched case–control study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052582 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. e052582

Author(s):

Martin Holmbom ◽

Maria Andersson ◽

Sören Berg ◽

Dan Eklund ◽

Pernilla Sobczynski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Bloodstream Infection ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Important Risk Factor ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Prehospital Delay ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Control Study

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify prehospital and early hospital risk factors associated with 30-day mortality in patients with blood culture-confirmed community-acquired bloodstream infection (CA-BSI) in Sweden.MethodsA retrospective case–control study of 1624 patients with CA-BSI (2015–2016), 195 non-survivors satisfying the inclusion criteria were matched 1:1 with 195 survivors for age, gender and microorganism. All forms of contact with a healthcare provider for symptoms of infection within 7 days prior CA-BSI episode were registered. Logistic regression was used to analyse risk factors for 30-day all-cause mortality.ResultsOf the 390 patients, 61% (115 non-survivors and 121 survivors) sought prehospital contact. The median time from first prehospital contact till hospital admission was 13 hours (6–52) for non-survivors and 7 hours (3–24) for survivors (p<0.01). Several risk factors for 30-day all-cause mortality were identified: prehospital delay OR=1.26 (95% CI: 1.07 to 1.47), p<0.01; severity of illness (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score) OR=1.60 (95% CI: 1.40 to 1.83), p<0.01; comorbidity score (updated Charlson Index) OR=1.13 (95% CI: 1.05 to 1.22), p<0.01 and inadequate empirical antimicrobial therapy OR=3.92 (95% CI: 1.64 to 9.33), p<0.01. In a multivariable model, prehospital delay >24 hours from first contact remained an important risk factor for 30-day all-cause mortality due to CA-BSI OR=6.17 (95% CI: 2.19 to 17.38), p<0.01.ConclusionPrehospital delay and inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy were found to be important risk factors for 30-day all-cause mortality associated with CA-BSI. Increased awareness and earlier detection of BSI in prehospital and early hospital care is critical for rapid initiation of adequate management and antibiotic treatment.

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Comparison of Postoperative Drain Insertion versus No Drain Insertion in Thyroidectomies: Retrospective case-control study from the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] ◽

10.18295/squmj.2016.16.04.010 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. e464-468

Author(s):

Asma Al-Habsi ◽

Al-Anood Al-Sulaimani ◽

Kadhim Taqi ◽

Hani Al-Qadhi

Keyword(s):

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

University Hospital ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Sultan Qaboos University ◽

Control Study

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Left upper lobectomy is a risk factor for cerebral infarction after pulmonary resection: a multicentre, retrospective, case–control study in Japan

Surgery Today ◽

10.1007/s00595-020-02032-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (11) ◽

pp. 1383-1392

Author(s):

Keitaro Matsumoto ◽

◽

Shuntaro Sato ◽

Meinoshin Okumura ◽

Hiroshi Niwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Cerebral Infarction ◽

Pulmonary Resection ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Left Upper Lobectomy ◽

Control Study

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Threshold values of antibodies to estrogen, progesteron and benzo [a] pyrene as a risk factor for the development of endometriosis

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation ◽

10.1515/hmbci-2020-0056 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Natalia V. Artymuk ◽

Vitaliy O. Chervov ◽

Larissa N. Danilova ◽

Elena G. Polenok ◽

Olga Zotova

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Roc Analysis ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Threshold Values ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii ◽

Conventional Unit ◽

Control Study

Abstract Objectives The objective of the study was to determine the level of antibodies (AB) of Ig classes A and G to estradiol (E2), progesterone (P) and benzo [a] pyrene (Bp) in patients with endometriosis of various severity and estimate their threshold values as a risk factor for the development of endometriosis. Methods A retrospective case–control study was performed. The study involved 200 women. Group I: women with endometriosis (n=100), Group II: patients with tubal-peritoneal infertility (n=100). All patients underwent immunological studies of blood serum; and the levels of steroid hormones (P, E2), antibodies to them and Bp were determined. A ROC analysis was carried out to identify threshold values of antibodies levels. Results Women with endometriosis were found to have statistically significantly higher levels of antibodies IgA and IgG to E2, P and benzo [a] pyrene compared to women of Group II. The threshold levels of IgA-Bp, IgA-E2 and IgA-P are >5 CU (conventional unit), IgG-Bp, IgG-E2>9 CU and IgG-P>8 CU. The level of IgG-P in patients with severe forms of endometriosis is statistically significantly higher than in minor forms of the disease. In case of severe forms, there is a tendency to increasing other classes of antibodies. Conclusions Patients with endometriosis usually have a higher level of IgA and IgG to Bp, E2, P. Their threshold values, which are risk factors for the development of the disease, are estimated.

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Does a Hospital Palliative Care Team Have the Potential to Reduce the Cost of a Terminal Hospitalization? A Retrospective Case-control Study in a Czech Tertiary University Hospital

10.21203/rs.3.rs-625443/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zuzana Kremenova ◽

Jan Svancara ◽

Petra Kralova ◽

Martin Moravec ◽

Katerina Hanouskova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Palliative Care ◽

End Of Life ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Palliative Care Team ◽

Care Team ◽

University Hospital ◽

Insurance Company ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background: More than 50% of patients worldwide die in hospitals. It is well known that end-of-life hospital care is costly.Our aims were to test whether the support of the palliative team can reduce end-of-life costs and to study the mechanisms of cost reduction.Methods: This was a one-centre descriptive retrospective case-control study. Big data from registries of routine visits were used for case-control matching. We included the expenses billed to the insurance company and added separately charged drugs and materials. We compared the groups over the duration of the terminal hospitalization, ICU days (ICU=intensive care unit), IV antibiotic use (IV=intravenous), MRI/CT scans (MRI/CR=magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography), oncologic treatment in the last month of life, and documentation of the dying phase.We searched for all in-hospital cases who died in the university hospital in Prague with the support of the hospital palliative team from January 2019 to April 2020 and matched them with similar controls. The controls were matched according to age, sex, Charlson comorbidity index and diagnosis recorded on the death certificate.Results: We identified 213 dyads. The average daily costs were three times lower in the palliative group (4,392.4 CZK per day=171.3 EUR) than in the non-palliative group (13,992.8 CZK per day=545.8 EUR), and the difference was caused by the shorter time spent in the ICU (16% vs 33% of hospital days). This was probably due to better documentation of the dying phase in the medical records.Conclusions: To date, there are sparse hospital data available on the economic aspects of end-of-life care. We showed that the integration of the palliative care team in the dying phase can be cost saving. The evidence that hospital palliative care can save a substantial amount of money can be used to support the integration of palliative care in hospitals in middle- and low-income countries. A multicentre study with the same design is planned in the future to increase the strength of the results.

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