scholarly journals Prevalence of tobacco use, exposure to secondhand smoke and knowledge on smoking cessation among students of health professions in Central Greece: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e036512
Author(s):  
Athina A Samara ◽  
George Rachiotis ◽  
Sofia Pettemeridou ◽  
Konstantinos Papastamatiou ◽  
Konstantinos Tourlakopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Health Professions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Central Greece ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of tobacco use and exposure to secondhand smoke among students of health professions (SHPs) and determine possible risk factors for current smoking. In addition, we sought to investigate the level of students’ knowledge regarding smoking cessation.DesignCross-sectional.SettingCentral Greece.ParticipantsA convenient sample of 822 SHP volunteers were used, composed of 365 medical students, 123 students from a biochemistry department, 71 students from a nursing department, 176 from medical laboratory department and 84 students from a veterinary medicine department.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe investigated the prevalence of current smoking and secondhand smoke, their determinants and SHP’s knowledge and attitudes regarding smoking cessation. Univariate and logistic regression statistical analysis were used in order to identify risk factors associated with current smoking.ResultsThe prevalence of current smoking was estimated at 23.5% (95% CI 20.7% to 26.5%), while 49% of current smokers reported they wanted to quit smoking. The prevalence of current e-cigarette use was 1.2%. In addition, 96.5% (95% CI 94.9% to 97.5%) of SHP have been exposed to secondhand smoke at least 1 day per week. Logistic regression analysis showed that increasing age (p<0.001), alcohol consumption (p<0.001) and exposure to secondhand smoke in the home (p<0.001) were independent risk factors for current smoking. Notably, only 11.6% of the participants had learnt about methods to be used for smoking cessation.ConclusionsOur results underline the need for integrated tobacco control initiatives that should discourage tobacco use among SHP, promote smoke free schools of health science, and implement programs that train SHP in effective cessation-counseling techniques.

Association of Tobacco Use and Exposure to Secondhand Smoke With Suicide Attempts Among Adolescents: Findings From 33 Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1322-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Lange ◽  
Ai Koyanagi ◽  
Jürgen Rehm ◽  
Michael Roerecke ◽  
André F Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Abstract Introduction There is evidence to suggest that tobacco use is associated with suicide attempts. However, it is unclear whether such an association can be extended to include secondhand smoke exposure. Using nationally representative data of school-attending adolescents from 33 countries, we examined the association of tobacco use and exposure to secondhand smoke with suicide attempts. Methods We used data from the Global School–based Student Health Survey, a cross-sectional survey conducted among adolescents 12–15 years of age. We used logistic regression to estimate the country-specific associations. We then conducted random effect meta-analyses to obtain overall and country-income level pooled estimates. Lastly, we used logistic regression analyses to investigate a dose–response association of cigarette smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke with suicide attempts. Results A positive association between tobacco use and suicide attempts among adolescents was present regardless of country-income level (low income: odds ratio 4.98, 95% CI: 3.11–7.96; lower middle income: 3.47, 2.91–4.15; upper middle income: 3.09, 2.75–3.47; and high income: 3.18, 2.63–3.84) and gender (boys: 3.28, 2.86–3.76; girls: 3.86, 3.30–4.51). Exposure to secondhand smoke was associated with suicide attempts, albeit weakly, among girls only (1.26, 1.14–1.39; boys: 1.00, 0.87–1.15). There was some evidence that a dose–response association of cigarette smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke with suicide attempts may only exist among girls. Conclusions Adolescents who use tobacco, and adolescent girls exposed to secondhand smoke were found to be more likely to attempt suicide; however, future longitudinal studies are warranted to assess causality. Implications Our findings indicate that routine screening of adolescents for tobacco use should be implemented globally, especially when assessing suicidal behaviors and risk. Future longitudinal and intervention studies are warranted to assess causality and whether prevention efforts such as tobacco control interventions and programmes targeting tobacco use and exposure to secondhand smoke among adolescents could ultimately lead to a reduction in the occurrence of suicide attempts.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Correlates of Current Tobacco use and Non-user Susceptibility to using Tobacco Product Among School-going Adolescents in 22 African Countries, 2013-2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bai James ◽  
Abdulai Jawo Bah ◽  
John Alimamy Kabba ◽  
Said Abasse Kassim ◽  
Philip Ayizem Dalinjong
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Complex Sampling ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Abstract Background Our study examined the prevalence and associated factors of tobacco product use and non-users’ susceptibility to using tobacco products among school-going adolescents in 22 African countries.MethodsWe analysed the cross-sectional 2013-2018 GYTS data from 22 African countries. We conducted complex sampling descriptive and logistic regression analyses. We reported our results using frequencies and proportions for descriptive statistics and adjusted odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals for logistic model.ResultsThe overall prevalence of current use of any tobacco product among adolescents was 19.1%, with more males (23.7%) than females (13.7%) being current users. Zimbabwe and Morocco were the highest (47.1%) and least (12.6%) reported prevalence respectively. Being male (AOR=1.930;95%CI:1.614-2.307), exposure to secondhand smoke within (AOR=2.069;95%CI:1.763-2.429) and outside (AOR=1.364;95%CI:1.138-1.635) the home, not knowledgeable about the harmful effect of secondhand smoke (AOR=1.413;95%CI:1.178-1.693), exposure to tobacco industry promotion (AOR=3.027;95%CI:2.653-3.453) and not in favour of banning smoking in enclosed places (AOR=1.222;95%CI:1.014-1.472) were associated with current use of any tobacco product. The prevalence of the susceptibility to using tobacco products among never users of tobacco products was 12.2%, with no significant gender difference. Mozambique (24.6%) and Algeria (4.5%) had the highest and least prevalence of the susceptibility to using tobacco products among never users, respectively. Exposure to tobacco industry promotion (AOR=1.730;95%CI:1.485-2.015) and those not in favour of banning smoking in enclosed places (AOR= 1.323;95%CI:1.142-1.532) were associated with susceptibility to using any tobacco product among never users of tobacco products.ConclusionOur study reports that tobacco use and non-user susceptibility to using tobacco product among school-going adolescents in the 22 African countries is high. As part of public health efforts, governments and other stakeholders need to fully implement anti-tobacco use campaigns, enforce a complete ban on tobacco promotion and advertising, institute educational programs for families, and anti-tobacco use education for the general public and in schools in line with WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control guidelines.

scholarly journals The estimated effect of graphic warning labels on smoker’s intention to quit in Shanghai, China: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiping Wang ◽  
Yan Qiang ◽  
Yan Zhu ◽  
Xiangjin Gao ◽  
Qiong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Intention To Quit ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Smoking Intensity ◽  
Graphic Warning ◽  
Cigarette Packs

Abstract Background Tobacco consumption is the leading cause of death worldwide. Overwhelming studies demonstrate graphic warning labels (GWLs) on cigarette packs are effective in eliciting negative response to tobacco smoking, modifying beliefs about tobacco dangers, and increasing reported intention to quit, but the estimated effect of GWLs on smoking cessation intention among smokers is still limited in China. In this study, we aim to understand the smoking intensity, smoking duration and smoking cessation intention among current smokers, and to explore how their smoking cessation intention would be influenced by the GWLs in Shanghai. Methods From January to June 2021, we totally recruited 1104 current smokers in Songjiang district and Fengxian district of Shanghai by multistage sampling design. We used Android pad assisted electronic questionnaire for data collection, and then implemented logistic regression for odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) calculation to explore how smoking cessation intention would be influenced by the GWLs among current smokers. Results One thousand one hundred four current smokers included 914 males (82.79%), with an average age of 43.61 years. 58.06% of current smokers reported smoking cessation intention due to GWLs. Logistic regression indicated a higher percentage of smoking cessation intention due to GWLs was among female smokers [OR = 2.41, 95% CI (1.61–3.59)], smokers with smoking intensity < 20 cigarette/day [OR = 1.92, 95% CI (1.44–2.55)], smokers with tobacco burden < 20% [OR = 1.94, 95% CI (1.35–2.79)], and among smokers had plan to quit in a year [OR = 6.58, 95% CI (4.71–9.18). Smokers with higher individual monthly income had lower percentage of smoking cessation intention (OR were 0.35, 0.46 and 0.41). Meanwhile, among 642 current smokers without plan to quit in a year, approximately 40% of them reported smoking cessation intention due to GWLs. Conclusions Smoking cessation intention due to the assumed GWLs on cigarette packs is high among current smokers in Shanghai, especially in female smokers, smokers with light tobacco burden and mild nicotine dependence. Incorporating smoking intensity as well as smoking burden into the implementation of GWLs as tobacco control measures would discourage smoking in China.

Occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and associated risk factors in women in selected districts of Punjab province, Pakistan

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (10) ◽  
pp. 1133-1139
Author(s):  
Shahzad Ali ◽  
Zona Amjad ◽  
Tahir Mahmood Khan ◽  
Abdul Maalik ◽  
Anam Iftikhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Binomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Punjab Province

AbstractToxoplasmosis is a parasitic zoonotic disease caused by Toxoplasma (T.) gondii. Limited data are available on the occurrence of T. gondii in women especially pregnant women in Pakistan. The present study aimed to determine the occurrence and risk factors associated with T. gondii in pregnant and non-pregnant women in Punjab Province, Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was conducted and 593 samples were collected from pregnant (n = 293) and non-pregnant (n = 300) women of District Headquarter Hospitals of Chiniot, Faisalabad, Jhang and Okara, Pakistan. Data related to demographic parameters and risk factors were collected using a pretested questionnaire on blood sampling day. Serum samples were screened for antibodies (IgG) against T. gondii using ELISA. A univariant and binomial logistic regression was applied to estimate the association between seropositive and explanatory variables considering the 95% confidence interval. P value ⩽0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analysis. Out of 593, 44 (7.42%) women were seropositive for T. gondii IgG antibodies. Occupation, age, sampling location, socioeconomic status, contact with cat, pregnancy status and trimester of pregnancy were significantly associated with seropositivity for T. gondii antibodies. Location and trimester of pregnancy were identified as potential risk factors for T. gondii seropositivity based on binomial logistic regression. Toxoplasma gondii is prevalent in pregnant and non-pregnant women. Therefore, now a necessitated awareness is required to instruct the individuals about these infectious diseases (toxoplasmosis) and their control strategies to maintain the health of human population. Moreover, health awareness among public can help the minimization of T. gondii infection during pregnancy and subsequent risk of congenital toxoplasmosis.

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