scholarly journals Global PRoMiSe (Perioperative Recommendations for Medication Safety): protocol for a mixed-methods study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e038313
Author(s):  
Karen C Nanji ◽  
Alan Forbes Merry ◽  
Sofia D Shaikh ◽  
Christina Pagel ◽  
Hao Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Medication Safety ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Perioperative Period ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
Dissemination Strategy

IntroductionMedication errors (MEs), which occur commonly in the perioperative period, have the potential to cause patient harm or death. Many published recommendations exist for preventing perioperative MEs; however, many of these recommendations conflict and are often not applicable to middle-income and low-income countries. The goal of this study is to develop and disseminate consensus-based recommendations for perioperative medication safety that are tailored to country income level.Methods and analysisThe primary site of this mixed-methods study is Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School. Participants include a minimum of 108 international medication safety experts, 27 from each of the World Bank’s four country income groups (high, upper-middle, lower-middle and low-income). Using the Delphi method, participants will rate the appropriateness of candidate medication safety recommendations by completing online surveys using RedCAP. We will use Condorcet ranking methods to prioritise the final recommendations for each country income group. We will execute a comprehensive dissemination strategy for the recommendations across each country income group. Finally, we will conduct semistructured interviews with our participants to evaluate the initial adoption and implementation of the recommendations in each country income group.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Human Research Committee/Institutional Review Board at Partners Healthcare (2019P003567). Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at local and international conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04240301.

scholarly journals Research protocol for a mixed-methods study to characterise and address the socioeconomic impact of accessing TB diagnosis and care in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Kritika Dixit ◽  
Bhola Rai ◽  
Tara Prasad Aryal ◽  
Gokul Mishra ◽  
Noemia Teixeira de Siqueira-Filha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Socioeconomic Impact ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Scientific Meetings ◽  
National Workshop

Background: WHO’s 2015 End TB Strategy advocates social and economic (socioeconomic) support for TB-affected households to improve TB control. However, evidence concerning socioeconomic support for TB-affected households remains limited, especially in low-income countries. Protocol: This mixed-methods study in Nepal will: evaluate the socioeconomic impact of accessing TB diagnosis and care (Project 1); and create a shortlist of feasible, locally-appropriate interventions to mitigate this impact (Project 2). The study will be conducted in the Chitwan, Mahottari, Makawanpur, and Dhanusha districts of Nepal, which have frequent TB and poverty. The study population will include: approximately 200 people with TB (Cases) starting TB treatment with Nepal’s National TB Program and 100 randomly-selected people without TB (Controls) in the same sites (Project 1); and approximately 40 key in-country stakeholders from Nepal including people with TB, community leaders, and TB healthcare professionals (Project 2). During Project 1, visits will be made to people with TB’s households during months 3 and 6 of TB treatment, and a single visit made to Control households. During visits, participants will be asked about: TB-related costs (if receiving treatment), food insecurity, stigma; TB-related knowledge; household poverty level; social capital; and quality of life. During Project 2, stakeholders will be invited to participate in: a survey and focus group discussion (FGD) to characterise socioeconomic impact, barriers and facilitators to accessing and engaging with TB care in Nepal; and a one-day workshop to review FGD findings and suggest interventions to mitigate the barriers identified. Ethics and dissemination: The study has received ethical approval. Results will be disseminated through scientific meetings, open access publications, and a national workshop in Nepal.  Conclusions: This research will strengthen understanding of the socioeconomic impact of TB in Nepal and generate a shortlist of feasible and locally-appropriate socioeconomic interventions for TB-affected households for trial evaluation.

scholarly journals Research protocol for a mixed-methods study to characterise and address the socioeconomic impact of accessing TB diagnosis and care in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Kritika Dixit ◽  
Bhola Rai ◽  
Tara Prasad Aryal ◽  
Gokul Mishra ◽  
Noemia Teixeira de Siqueira-Filha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Socioeconomic Impact ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Scientific Meetings ◽  
National Workshop

Background: WHO’s 2015 End TB Strategy advocates social and economic (socioeconomic) support for TB-affected households to improve TB control. However, evidence concerning socioeconomic support for TB-affected households remains limited, especially in low-income countries. Protocol: This mixed-methods study in Nepal will: evaluate the socioeconomic impact of accessing TB diagnosis and care (Project 1); and create a shortlist of feasible, locally-appropriate interventions to mitigate this impact (Project 2). The study will be conducted in the Chitwan, Mahottari, Makawanpur, and Dhanusha districts of Nepal, which have frequent TB and poverty. The study population will include: approximately 200 people with TB (Cases) starting TB treatment with Nepal’s National TB Program and 100 randomly-selected people without TB (Controls) in the same sites (Project 1); and approximately 40 key in-country stakeholders from Nepal including people with TB, community leaders, and TB healthcare professionals (Project 2). During Project 1, visits will be made to people with TB’s households during months 3 and 6 of TB treatment, and a single visit made to Control households. During visits, participants will be asked about: TB-related costs (if receiving treatment), food insecurity, stigma; TB-related knowledge; household poverty level; social capital; and quality of life. During Project 2, stakeholders will be invited to participate in: a survey and focus group discussion (FGD) to characterise socioeconomic impact, barriers and facilitators to accessing and engaging with TB care in Nepal; and a one-day workshop to review FGD findings and suggest interventions to mitigate the barriers identified. Ethics and dissemination: The study has received ethical approval. Results will be disseminated through scientific meetings, open access publications, and a national workshop in Nepal.  Conclusions: This research will strengthen understanding of the socioeconomic impact of TB in Nepal and generate a shortlist of feasible and locally-appropriate socioeconomic interventions for TB-affected households for trial evaluation.

scholarly journals Global trends in medical education accreditation

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Bedoll ◽  
Marta van Zanten ◽  
Danette McKinley
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
The World ◽  
Google Search

Abstract Background Accreditation systems in medical education aim to assure various stakeholders that graduates are ready to further their training or begin practice. The purpose of this paper is to explore the current state of medical education accreditation around the world and describe the incidence and variability of these accreditation agencies worldwide. This paper explores trends in agency age, organization, and scope according to both World Bank region and income group. Methods To find information on accreditation agencies, we searched multiple online accreditation and quality assurance databases as well as the University of Michigan Online Library and the Google search engine. All included agencies were recorded on a spreadsheet along with date of formation or first accreditation activity, name changes, scope, level of government independence, accessibility and type of accreditation standards, and status of WFME recognition. Comparisons by country region and income classification were made based on the World Bank’s lists for fiscal year 2021. Results As of August 2020, there were 3,323 operating medical schools located in 186 countries or territories listed in the World Directory of Medical Schools. Ninety-two (49%) of these countries currently have access to undergraduate accreditation that uses medical-specific standards. Sixty-four percent (n = 38) of high-income countries have medical-specific accreditation available to their medical schools, compared to only 20% (n = 6) of low-income countries. The majority of World Bank regions experienced the greatest increase in medical education accreditation agency establishment since the year 2000. Conclusions Most smaller countries in Europe, South America, and the Pacific only have access to general undergraduate accreditation, and many countries in Africa have no accreditation available. In countries where medical education accreditation exists, the scope and organization of the agencies varies considerably. Regional cooperation and international agencies seem to be a growing trend. The data described in our study can serve as an important resource for further investigations on the effectiveness of accreditation activities worldwide. Our research also highlights regions and countries that may need focused accreditation development support.

scholarly journals Trade Costs in the Developing World: 1996–2010

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEAN-FRANÇOIS ARVIS ◽  
YANN DUVAL ◽  
BEN SHEPHERD ◽  
CHORTHIP UTOKTHAM ◽  
ANASUYA RAJ
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Trade Costs ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Group ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Very High

AbstractWe use new data on trade and production in 167 countries to infer estimates of trade costs for manufactured goods and agriculture for 1996‒2010. Trade costs are strongly declining in country income level. Among developing countries, only the upper middle income group has been successful in reducing trade costs faster than elsewhere in the world. Sub-Saharan African countries and low income countries remain subject to very high trade costs. Regional trade agreements, maritime transport connectivity, and trade facilitation performance are important determinants of trade costs.

Pediatric Nurses’ Perceptions of Medication Safety and Medication Error: A Mixed Methods Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albara Alomari ◽  
Val Wilson ◽  
Annette Solman ◽  
Beata Bajorek ◽  
Patricia Tinsley
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Medication Error ◽  
Medication Safety ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Pediatric Nurses ◽  
Nurses Perceptions

scholarly journals Immediate influences of hygiene education sessions on handwashing behaviors of selected Nepali students

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 979-985
Author(s):  
Govinda Prasad Devkota ◽  
Sheri Bastien ◽  
Petter D. Jenssen ◽  
Manoj K. Pandey ◽  
Bhimsen Devkota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
School Students ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
Basic Level ◽  
Handwashing With Soap

Abstract Appropriate handwashing can prevent 50–70% of water and foodborne infections. However, schoolchildren who are in the formative stage of life, particularly in low-income countries like Nepal, are deprived of such a lifesaving skill. This study investigates the effectiveness of a school-based participatory action research intervention to promote handwashing with soap among basic level community school students in Nepal. Teachers, the school management committee, the participatory action research committee, and child-club members actively participated in designing and implementing the intervention. This study employed a semi-structured interview with the headteacher, five focus group discussions, and spot observations during 50 handwashing with soap events involving students, to collect the data. This study assesses the handwashing situation of students before and after the intervention. As part of the intervention, participatory teaching methods such as singing, drawing, showing a video, games, and demonstrations were used. Findings from basic level students who actively participated in hygiene sessions and increased their handwashing with soap before meals and after toilet use were used as a comparison to baseline. Participants reported that the intervention was perceived positively, pragmatic, and cost-effective. This intervention study concluded that handwashing behaviors improved because of the influence of sensitization sessions and demonstrations about handwashing. However, some predominant issues in the teaching of handwashing practices include limited hygiene contents in the curriculum and the practical use of teaching and learning activities. The lack of availability of soap at handwashing stations is the main barrier in sustaining handwashing behaviors in schoolchildren.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document