scholarly journals Immediate influences of hygiene education sessions on handwashing behaviors of selected Nepali students

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 979-985
Author(s):  
Govinda Prasad Devkota ◽  
Sheri Bastien ◽  
Petter D. Jenssen ◽  
Manoj K. Pandey ◽  
Bhimsen Devkota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
School Students ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
Basic Level ◽  
Handwashing With Soap

Abstract Appropriate handwashing can prevent 50–70% of water and foodborne infections. However, schoolchildren who are in the formative stage of life, particularly in low-income countries like Nepal, are deprived of such a lifesaving skill. This study investigates the effectiveness of a school-based participatory action research intervention to promote handwashing with soap among basic level community school students in Nepal. Teachers, the school management committee, the participatory action research committee, and child-club members actively participated in designing and implementing the intervention. This study employed a semi-structured interview with the headteacher, five focus group discussions, and spot observations during 50 handwashing with soap events involving students, to collect the data. This study assesses the handwashing situation of students before and after the intervention. As part of the intervention, participatory teaching methods such as singing, drawing, showing a video, games, and demonstrations were used. Findings from basic level students who actively participated in hygiene sessions and increased their handwashing with soap before meals and after toilet use were used as a comparison to baseline. Participants reported that the intervention was perceived positively, pragmatic, and cost-effective. This intervention study concluded that handwashing behaviors improved because of the influence of sensitization sessions and demonstrations about handwashing. However, some predominant issues in the teaching of handwashing practices include limited hygiene contents in the curriculum and the practical use of teaching and learning activities. The lack of availability of soap at handwashing stations is the main barrier in sustaining handwashing behaviors in schoolchildren.

scholarly journals Adapting the Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) to engage poor urban communities in Ghana: protocol for a participatory action research study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e049564
Author(s):  
Mary Abboah-Offei ◽  
Akosua Gyasi Darkwa ◽  
Andrews Ayim ◽  
Adelaide Maria Ansah-Ofei ◽  
Delanyo Dovlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Key Stakeholders

IntroductionWith rapid urbanisation in low-income and middle-income countries, health systems are struggling to meet the needs of their growing populations. Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) in Ghana have been effective in improving maternal and child health in rural areas; however, implementation in urban areas has proven challenging. This study aims to engage key stakeholders in urban communities to understand how the CHPS model can be adapted to reach poor urban communities.Methods and analysisA Participatory Action Research (PAR) will be used to develop an urban CHPS model with stakeholders in three selected CHPS zones: (a) Old Fadama (Yam and Onion Market community), (b) Adedenkpo and (c) Adotrom 2, representing three categories of poor urban neighbourhoods in Accra, Ghana. Two phases will be implemented: phase 1 (‘reconnaissance phase) will engage and establish PAR research groups in the selected zones, conduct focus groups and individual interviews with urban residents, households vulnerable to ill-health and CHPS staff and key stakeholders. A desk review of preceding efforts to implement CHPS will be conducted to understand what worked (or not), how and why. Findings from phase 1 will be used to inform and co-create an urban CHPS model in phase 2, where PAR groups will be involved in multiple recurrent stages (cycles) of community-based planning, observation, action and reflection to develop and refine the urban CHPS model. Data will be managed using NVivo software and coded using the domains of community engagement as a framework to understand community assets and potential for engagement.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the University of York’s Health Sciences Research Governance Committee and the Ghana Health Service Ethics Review Committee. The results of this study will guide the scale-up of CHPS across urban areas in Ghana, which will be disseminated through journal publications, community and government stakeholder workshops, policy briefs and social media content. This study is also funded by the Medical Research Council, UK.

scholarly journals Participatory Action Research as a Framework for Transdisciplinary Collaboration: A Pilot Study on Healthy, Sustainable, Low‐Income Housing in Delhi, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1800054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Nix ◽  
Jacob Paulose ◽  
Clive Shrubsole ◽  
Hector Altamirano‐Medina ◽  
Kristine Belesova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Transdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
Low Income Housing

scholarly journals Verbal Autopsy with Participatory Action Research (VAPAR) programme in Mpumalanga, South Africa: protocol for evaluation

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e036597
Author(s):  
Sophie Witter ◽  
Maria Van Der Merwe ◽  
Rhian Twine ◽  
Denny Mabetha ◽  
Jennifer Hove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Verbal Autopsy ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Theory Of Change ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Middle Income

IntroductionThere is a growing recognition of the importance of developing learning health systems which can engage all stakeholders in cycles of evidence generation, reflection, action and learning from action to deal with adaptive problems. There is however limited evaluative evidence of approaches to developing or strengthening such systems, particularly in low-income and middle-income settings. In this protocol, we aim to contribute to developing and sharing knowledge on models of building collaborative learning platforms through our evaluation of the Verbal Autopsy with Participatory Action Research (VAPAR) programme.Methods and analysisThe evaluation takes a participatory approach, focussed on joint learning on whether and how VAPAR contributes to its aims, and what can be learnt for this and similar settings. A realist-informed theory of change was developed by the research team as part of a broader collaboration with other stakeholders. The evaluation will draw on a wide variety of perspectives and data, including programme data and secondary data. This will be supplemented by in-depth interviews and workshops at the end of each cycle to probe the different domains, understand changes to the positions of different actors within the local health system and feedback into improved learning and action in the next cycle. Quantitative data such as verbal autopsy will be analysed for significant trends in health indicators for different population groups. However, the bulk of the data will be qualitative and will be analysed thematically.Ethics and disseminationEthics in participatory approaches include a careful focus on the power relationships within the group, such that all groups are given voice and influence, in addition to the usual considerations of informed participation. Within the programme, we will focus on reflexivity, relationship building, two-way learning and learning from failure to reduce power imbalances and mitigate against a blame culture. Local engagement and change will be prioritised in dissemination.

Reflections on Participatory Action Research: The Case of Low-Income Women Accessing Local Physical Activity services

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Frisby ◽  
Susan Crawford ◽  
Therese Dorer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Action Research Project ◽  
Active Involvement

In contrast to traditional approaches to research, participatory action research calls for the active involvement of the community—including both the beneficiaries and providers of sport services—in defining research problems, executing interventions, interpreting results, and designing strategies to change existing power structures. The purpose of this paper was to analyze a participatory action research project designed to increase the access of women living below the poverty line and their families to local physical activity services. A framework developed by Green et al. (1995) formed the basis of the analysis. To place the analysis in context, the historical origins and theoretical assumptions underlying participatory action research were addressed. The case of the Women's Action Project demonstrated how the process can result in a more inclusive local sport system and, at the same time, provide a rich setting for examining organizational dynamics including collaborative decision-making, community partnerships, power imbalances, resource control, resistance to change, and nonhierarchical structures.

scholarly journals PENDAMPINGAN MANAJEMEN WAKTU ANAK PADA MASA NORMAL BARU DI DUSUN DESEKAN KABUPATEN MAGELANG

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Fiki Fitriyah ◽  
Yeny Fitriyani ◽  
Milna Wafirah ◽  
Achmad Labib ◽  
Titis Rosowulan
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Free Time ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
School Students ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The World

Tatanan Hidup Baru (New Normal) dimasa pandemi COVID-19 memberikan pengalaman yang benar-benar baru bagi dunia pendidikan khususnya siswa Sekolah Dasar (SD) di Indonesia. Kewajiban untuk taat protokoler kesehatan yang salah satu klausulnya adalah tidak berkerumun dan menjauhi krumunan menjadikan kegiatan belajar mengajar sangat tidak biasa. Tidak ada tatapmuka baik dengan guru ataupun teman, semua dilakukan secara daring (online). Hal tersebut membuat pelajar mempunyai waktu luang yang banyak dan cenderung tanpa pengawasan baik dari orang tua maupun guru. Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah untuk mengoptimalkan waktu luang siswa dengan manajemen waktu di masa normal baru. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode Participatory Action Research (PAR). Tahapan penting dalam PAR adalah Research (pemetaan masalah), Action (rencana aksi dalam penyelesaian masalah) and Participatory (orang tua dan siswa SD di Desa Desekan). Teknik Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, survei, dokumen dan wawancara. Pendampingan diharapakan dapat membantu siswa memahami pentingnya manajemen waktu dengan membuat jadwal kegiatan harian sehingga siswa dapat memanage waktunya dengan efektif dan efisien. Kesimpulan dari pengabdian ini adalah para siswa belum memahami dengan baik mengenai manajemen waktu dan banyak menghabiskan waktu dengan dawai dan bermain yang tidak berhubungan dengan pendidikan. Kata kunci: Tatanan Hidup Baru, COVID-19, Manajemen Waktu, PAR ABSTRACT The New Living Order (New Normal) during the COVID-19 pandemic provided a completely new experience for the world of education, especially elementary school students in Indonesia. The obligation to comply with the Health protocol makes learning without face-to-face either with teachers or friends and everything is done online. This makes students have a lot of free time and tends to be without supervision from either parents or teachers. The aim of this service is to optimize students' free time with time management in the new normal. The method used in this study uses the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method. The important stages in PAR are Research (mapping problems), Action (action plans in solving problems) and Participatory (participation of parents and elementary students in Desekan village). The technique of collecting data was carried out by observation, surveys, documents and interviews. It is hoped that mentoring can help students understand the importance of time management by scheduling daily activities so that students can manage their time effectively and efficiently. The conclusion of this dedication is that the students do not understand well about time management and spend a lot of time with strings and games that are not related to education. Keywords: New Normal, COVID-19, Time Management, PAR

Predicting trust in police: the impact of instrumental and expressive concerns in street-identified Black-American men and women

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 917-933
Author(s):  
Darryl L. Chambers ◽  
Yasser A. Payne ◽  
Ivan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Original Manuscript ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trust In Police

PurposeWhile the past few decades have witnessed a substantial number of studies on public attitudes toward the police, a relatively thin line of inquiry has focused exclusively on low income urban Black-Americans, and especially street-identified Black populations. The purpose of this paper, however, is to examine trust in police amongst street-identified Black men and women.Design/methodology/approachRelying on a street participatory action research methodological approach, the authors collected survey data (N = 520) from two low-income unban Black neighborhoods, to examine the effects of an instrumental model versus an expressive model on procedural- and outcome-based trust in police.FindingsThe findings suggested a community sample of street-identified Black men and women were able to differentiate between procedural- and outcome-based trust. The instrumental model was better in predicting procedural-based trust in police, while the expressive model accounted better for outcome-based trust in police.Research limitations/implicationsImplications for street participatory action research methodology, future research and policy are also discussed.Originality/valueThis paper is an original manuscript.

Flipping the Script: The Dangerous Bodies of Girls of Color

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venus E. Evans-Winters ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Black Girls ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
School Students ◽  
Color Experience ◽  
Girls Of Color

Girls of color have been left out of discussions on youth participatory action research (YPAR) as well as gender- and race-based scholarship related to school marginalization. How Black girls and other girls of color experience girlhood is undertheorized. In this particular discussion, high school girls themselves expose the ways in which girls are punished in schools. Using participatory action research (PAR), high school students unveil girls of color experiences in schools as “dangerous bodies.” The author asseverates that Black girls and other girls of color “flip the script” by becoming conscientious and active agents in social change through the research process.

scholarly journals Improving School Work in Challenging Context: Practitioners’ Views following a Participatory Action Research Project from Eritrea

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Mohammed Idris ◽  
Yonas Mesfun Asfaha
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
School Leadership ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Action Research Project ◽  
School Work ◽  
Professional Perspectives ◽  
Knowledge Of Learners

This article is based on 18-month participatory action research (PAR) project conducted with teachers and school leadership personnel with strong backing of the regional education office in one of the remote and most culturally diverse regions in Eritrea. It argues for a comprehensive understanding of managing a learning process in challenging circumstances of schooling. Qualitative analysis was used to interpret 14 semi-structured interview transcripts of project participants from two study schools. A framework for understanding teaching as the intersection of knowledge of learners, processes of teaching and learning and subject matter is used. The analysis based on the interview data, longer term engagements with participants and review of relevant documents enabled authors to synthesize views of participants into five main professional perspectives:  need to overcome transitory nature of teachers, knowledge of learners, proactive guidance, professional commitment, collaborative practices. Those issues arguably constitute quality education in the study schools and beyond.  

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